...Statistical Thinking in Health Care Business Statistic MAT510 February 1, 2015 HMO’s pharmacy is experiencing problems with providing inaccurate prescriptions to customers. The inaccurate prescriptions could be from a number of areas in the prescription process. The errors could stem from interpretation of the prescribed medication to faulty input into the computer system, or even the incorrect understanding of the medication prescribed. To develop strategies to target the prevention of medication errors fully, it is necessary to have a holistic understanding of the medication-use process in the pharmacy and how each stage contributes to the overall error rate. Drug ordering and delivery are typically broken into four different stages; prescribing, transcribing, filling, and dispensing. Each of these stages represents a possible risk point and a potential vulnerable link in the patient-safety chain. The below process map outlining the steps HMO takes to fill a prescription for the customer. Prescribed Received Processed Filled Dispensed Suppliers | Inputs | Process | Outputs | Customers | Doctor | Prescription | Medication prescribed by doctor | Medication | Patients | Pharmaceutical Company’s | Drugs | Receiving prescription | Payment | | | | Interpret | | | | | Transferring into computer | | | | | Processing against insurance | | | | | Filling medication | | | | | Dispensing Medication | | | The analysis of the...
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...Case Study 1: Statistical Thinking in Health Care Emily Strauss Professor Jamey Ludwig Business Statistics November 2, 2015 HMO’s pharmacy faces a liability issue with incorrect prescriptions being issued to customers. This situation stems from an issue with the processes in place to minimize this risk. The suppliers of pharmaceutical medications is HMO Pharmacy. Inputs are prescriptions written by doctors for patients.Process steps include receiving a prescription which gets read and interpreted by a pharmacist, handed off to an assistant to fill. The filled prescription then is distributed to customers. HMO’s process has little for quality control in place for these prescriptions. If the pharmacy can identify that one doctor’s prescriptions are typically filed incorrectly the the pharmacy can ensure that the pharmacy works closely with that practice to eliminate any confusion. Within the SIPOC model we can identify suppliers, input, process, outputs and customers. The suppliers are the pharmacy techs and prescription drug companies that supply prescription medications. Inputs are bulk medications, and packaging supplies. The pharmacy’s process is to repackage medications to distribute to customers. Customers are patients who have prescriptions to be filled. The process by which HMO pharmacy fills prescriptions begins with a doctor’s office sending a prescription to be filled with a patient to the pharmacy. The prescription is handwritten on a prescription...
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...Statistical Thinking in Health Care Case Study 1 Week 4 By Shirley Davis Dr. Sally Robison Mat 510- Business Statistics November 1, 2015 With information from the case we will attempt to address some explanations to the issue of medication errors being dispensed at HMO pharmacy. A dispensing error is a discrepancy between a prescription and the medicine that the pharmacy delivers to the patient or distributes to the ward on the basis of this prescription, including the dispensing of a medicine with inferior pharmaceutical or informational quality shows the categories of dispensing errors. If dispensing errors are considered from the perspective that the quality of all pharmacy care activities should be assured by the pharmacist, this list can be extended by the addition of three other categories: failure to detect and correct a prescribing error before dispensing; failure to detect a manufacturing error before dispensing; and failure to provide adequate patient counseling in order to prevent administration errors. These categories arise in other segments of the pharmaceutical patient care chain, but they are nevertheless important when one strives for a full assessment of the pharmacy's performance. (a-Chun Cheung, Marcel L Bouvy, and Peter A G M De Smet) I am going to attempt a process map to the best of my ability on filling process for HMO’s pharmacy, in which some key problems that the HMO’s pharmacy might be experiencing. A SIPOC diagram...
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...Pharmacy Errors MAT 510 Instructor: Dr.Guo August 1, 2015 Simply knowing statistical tools and methods is not enough; one must understand the role that the science of statistics plays in managerial decisions. Managers need to think statistically. Statistical thinking is a philosophy of learning and action based on the following three principles: all work occurs in a system of interconnected processes, variation exists in all processes, understanding and reducing variation are keys to success. Understanding processes provides the context for determining the effects of variation and the proper type of managerial action to be taken. By viewing work as a process, we can apply statistical tools to establish consistent, predictable processes; study them; and improve them. While variation exists everywhere, many business decisions do not often account for it, and managers frequently confuse common and special causes of variation. We must understand the nature of variation before we can focus on reducing it. In this paper, the processes of prescription filling for HMO pharmacy will be analyzed. A process is defined as a grouping, in sequence, of all the activities involved to accomplish one particular outcome and consists of suppliers, customers, material input, information inputs, transforming activities, inspections, delays, storage, transports, and outputs. To increase the chances of a successful project, mapping of key business processes is one of the most useful tools for...
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...STATISTICAL THINKING IN HEALTH CARE Jamie D. Grant Dr. Theodore Gorczyca MAT 510 – Business Statistics February 5, 2016 The prescription filling process of the health maintenance organization (HMO) consists of the doctor sending the prescription to the pharmacy via paper with the patient, paper to the nurse who calls in the prescription with instructions, or faxing the prescription to the pharmacy. From there, the personnel at the pharmacy fill the prescription by inputting the information given to them into their computer in order to print the instructions and medication labels for the prescriptions. They then pull the requested medications per the instructions, fill the necessary containers to give to the patients, and label them accordingly. Patients then receive their medicines and take them according to the instructions printed on the labels by the pharmacy per the doctor. There are many activities involved in this process that can cause issues. There are various reasons prescriptions can be filled inaccurately from the beginning (which can be considered the supplier portion of the SIPOC model) of the process. Interviews with pharmacy assistants indicate that doctors’ handwritings’ are difficult to decipher, and hence an area of concern when this information is given on paper to read in person or by facsimile copy. The person receiving the information in this format has the task of reading it, and interpreting what the doctor is trying to convey. If...
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...Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Analysis CPT Christopher F. Drum, CPT Scott Stokoe, LTJG Ann-Marie Noad U.S. Army-Baylor University Graduate Program In Health Care Administration A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for HCA 5325 Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations 12 December 2003 Executive Summary Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) is a well-established, international health care industry leader that provides patient services on two continents. Ranked number one in both sales and profit rankings, HCA continues to provide quality health care as it expands into new markets. HCA provides its primary services through a variety of venues. In addition to its patient care mission, HCA has joined with the Federal government to provide education and scholarship programs. A strategic assessment of HCA was conducted to examine its current business strategies. A strengths, weakness, threats, and opportunities (SWOT) analysis indicated that HCA’s internal strengths outweighed its weaknesses and the external threats outweighed the opportunities. HCA’s current mission and values statements are sufficient to support its success, but improvements can be made in each. Primary strategic emphasis is through an application of expansion and maintenance of scope adaptive strategies. Secondary efforts include a limited application of market entry and competitive strategies. Applying a threat, opportunity, weakness, and strength (TOWS)...
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...Human Resource Management, 12e (Dessler) Chapter 10 Coaching, Careers, and Talent Management 1) Which of the following terms refers to educating, instructing, and training subordinates? A) mentoring B) coaching C) appraising D) grading E) recruiting Answer: B Explanation: Coaching means educating, instructing, and training subordinates. Mentoring means advising, counseling, and guiding. Recruiting refers to searching for job candidates. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 344 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 2) The process of advising, counseling, and guiding employees is known as ________. A) coaching B) appraising C) assessing D) mentoring E) training Answer: D Explanation: Mentoring means advising, counseling, and guiding. Coaching means educating, instructing, and training subordinates. Both coaching and mentoring skills are needed for appraising employees, but appraising and assessing refer to rating an employee. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 344 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 3) ________ focuses on helping an employee make long-term career plans, while ________ addresses an employee's short-term job skills. A) Mentoring, coaching B) Coaching, mentoring C) Recruiting, coaching D) Recruiting, mentoring E) Mentoring, recruiting Answer: A Explanation: Mentoring means advising, counseling, and guiding an employee towards long-term career goals. Coaching means educating, instructing, and training subordinates in performing short-term job-related...
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... ep 8 S te Check out patients Review billing compliance p7 St ep 5 S tep 6 Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1.1 Explain how healthy practice finances depend on correctly accomplishing administrative tasks in the medical office. 1.2 Compare coinsurance and copayment requirements for health Copyright © 2014 The McGraw-Hill Companies plan benefits. 1.3 Identify the key steps in the medical billing cycle. 1.4 Discuss the impact of electronic health records on clinical and billing workflow. 1.5 Evaluate the importance of professional certification and of medical liability insurance for career advancement. S te p4 Medical Billing Cycle Prepare and transmit claims 1 accounts payable (AP) accounts receivable (AR) benefits cash flow certification coding coinsurance copayment covered services deductible diagnosis documentation electronic claim (e-claim) electronic health record (EHR) fee-for-service health care claim health information technology (HIT) health plan indemnity plan managed care managed care organization (MCO) medical assistant medical billing cycle medical documentation and billing cycle medical insurance medically necessary noncovered (excluded) services out-of-pocket PM/EHR policyholder practice management program (PMP) preauthorization...
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...Evolution of Health Services in the United States Learning Objectives To discover historical developments that have shaped the nature of the US health care delivery system To evaluate why the system has been resistant to national health insurance reforms To explore developments associated with the corporatization of health care To speculate on whether the era of socialized medicine has dawned in the United States “Where’s the market?” 81 26501_CH03_FINAL.indd 81 7/27/11 10:31:29 AM 82 CHAPTER 3 The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Introduction The health care delivery system of the United States evolved quite differently from the systems in Europe. American values and the social, political, and economic antecedents on which the US system is based have led to the formation of a unique system of health care delivery, as described in Chapter 1. This chapter discusses how these forces have been instrumental in shaping the current structure of medical services and how they are likely to shape its future. The evolutionary changes discussed here illustrate the American beliefs and values (discussed in Chapter 2) in action, within the context of broad social, political, and economic changes. Because social, political, and economic contexts are not static, their shifting influences lend a certain dynamism to the health care delivery system. Conversely, beliefs and values remain relatively stable over time. Consequently, in the American health care delivery experience...
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...might lose a couple pounds, but I never reach my weightloss goals and I usually end up gaining more back. I would give anything to lose this extra 20 pounds, so that I can live a longer, happier life.” — Tamara Jinkens: focus group participant, age 42 Barbara Printup, senior director of marketing for Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP), listened as overweight focus group participants recounted their lifelong struggles with weight loss. Printup had just been placed in charge of the upcoming U.S. product launch of CSP’s newest prescription drug, Metabical (pronounced Meh-tuh-bye-cal). In clinical trials, Metabical proved to be safe and effective in stimulating weight loss for moderately overweight individuals. CSP was an international health care company with a focus on developing, manufacturing, and marketing products that treat metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, immune deficiencies, as well as other chronic and acute medical conditions. The company captured over $25 billion in sales in 2007. Printup had over 20 years of experience marketing prescription drugs for CSP. She had led six new drug campaigns and had just concluded work on Zimistat, CSP’s most successful product launch to date. Final FDA approval for Metabical was expected in the coming year, and the product launch was scheduled for January 2009. It was now February 2008, and Printup’s first order of business was to develop a viable positioning strategy and associated marketing communications plan for Metabical...
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...STRATEGIC HR MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY Case Aetna: Investing in Diversity Case By Wayne Cascio, Ph.D. PROJECT TEAM Author: Wayne Cascio, Ph.D. SHRM project contributor: Nancy A. Woolever, SPHR Copy editing: Katya Scanlan, copy editor Design: Blair Wright, senior graphic designer © 2009 Society for Human Resource Management. Wayne Cascio, Ph.D. Development of this case was made possible by a grant from the Society for Human Resource Management and the National Academy of Human Resources. All of the characters in the case are fictitious. Information presented was current as of the time the case was written. Any errors are solely the author’s. Note to HR faculty and instructors: SHRM cases and modules are intended for use in HR classrooms at universities. Teaching notes are included with each. While our current intent is to make the materials available without charge, we reserve the right to impose charges should we deem it necessary to support the program. However, currently, these resources are available free of charge to all. Please duplicate only the number of copies needed, one for each student in the class. For more information, please contact: SHRM Academic Initiatives 1800 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA Phone: +1-800-283-7476 Fax: +1-703-535-6432 Web: www.shrm.org/education/hreducation 09-0365 Aetna: Investing in Diversity INTRODUCTION Raymond Marcos, chief diversity officer at Aetna, is preparing to make a presentation ...
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...might lose a couple pounds, but I never reach my weightloss goals and I usually end up gaining more back. I would give anything to lose this extra 20 pounds, so that I can live a longer, happier life.” — Tamara Jinkens: focus group participant, age 42 Barbara Printup, senior director of marketing for Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP), listened as overweight focus group participants recounted their lifelong struggles with weight loss. Printup had just been placed in charge of the upcoming U.S. product launch of CSP’s newest prescription drug, Metabical (pronounced Meh-tuh-bye-cal). In clinical trials, Metabical proved to be safe and effective in stimulating weight loss for moderately overweight individuals. CSP was an international health care company with a focus on developing, manufacturing, and marketing products that treat metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, immune deficiencies, as well as other chronic and acute medical conditions. The company captured over $25 billion in sales in 2007. Printup had over 20 years of experience marketing prescription drugs for CSP. She had led six new drug campaigns and had just concluded work on Zimistat, CSP’s most successful product launch to date. Final FDA approval for Metabical was expected in the coming year, and the product launch was scheduled for January 2009. It was now February 2008, and Printup’s first order of business was to develop a viable positioning strategy and associated marketing communications plan for Metabical...
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...Finance Course: Health Care Finance Readings MBAHC−4 California College for Health Sciences MBA Health Care Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−55313−1 Text: Advanced Financial Accounting, Sixth Edition Baker−Lembke−King Harvard Business School Accounting Cases Corporate Finance, Seventh Edition Ross−Westerfield−Jaffe Harvard Business Review General Management Articles Harvard Business School Finance Cases This book was printed on recycled paper. Finance http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−Hill Primis text may include materials submitted to McGraw−Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. 111 FINAGEN ISBN: 0−390−55313−1 Finance Contents Ross−Westerfield−Jaffe • Corporate Finance, Seventh Edition I. Overview 1 1 20 34 34 69 97 129 151 151 192 192 214 214 248 1. Introduction to Corporate Finance 2. Accounting Statements and Cash Flow II. Value and Capital Budgeting 4. Net Present Value 5. How to Value Bonds and Stocks 7. Net Present Value and...
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...|Term |Definition | |4/5ths rule: |Rule stating that discrimination generally is considered to occur if the selection rate for a protected group | | |is less than 80% (4/5ths) of the selection rate for the majority group or less than 80% of the group’s | | |representation in the relevant labor market | |401(k) plan: |An agreement in which a percentage of an employee’s pay is withheld and invested in a tax deferred account | |Absolute |Measuring an employee’s performance against some established standards | |standards | | |Accept errors |Accepting candidates who would later prove to be poor performers | |Action |A training technique by which management trainees are allowed to work full time analyzing and solving problems| |learning |in other departments | |Active |The performance of job-related tasks and duties by trainees during training | |practice: | ...
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...|Term |Definition | |4/5ths rule: |Rule stating that discrimination generally is considered to occur if the selection rate for a protected group | | |is less than 80% (4/5ths) of the selection rate for the majority group or less than 80% of the group’s | | |representation in the relevant labor market | |401(k) plan: |An agreement in which a percentage of an employee’s pay is withheld and invested in a tax deferred account | |Absolute |Measuring an employee’s performance against some established standards | |standards | | |Accept errors |Accepting candidates who would later prove to be poor performers | |Action |A training technique by which management trainees are allowed to work full time analyzing and solving problems| |learning |in other departments | |Active |The performance of job-related tasks and duties by trainees during training | |practice: | ...
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