...relationship r=0 means no relationship Limitations are with respect to its subjectivity because r slightly greater than 0.5 may be treated as good relationship whereas r slightly less than 0.5 may have opposite meaning. (d) What sums are needed to calculate a correlation coefficient? Sums required are: 1) −(−) 2) (−)2 3) (−)2 (e) What are the two ways of testing a correlation coefficient for significance? Two methods are: 1) t-test: The test statistic is:=−21−2 2) z-test: Test statistic is:=ln[+1−1]2 12.48 In the following regression, X = weekly pay, Y = income tax withheld, and n = 35 McDonald’s employees. (a) Write the fitted regression equation. The regression equation is: =30.7963+0.0343 (b) State the degrees of freedom for a two tailed test for zero slope, and use Appendix D to find the critical value at α = .05. (c) The degrees of freedom as shown in the output is 33 The critical value at =0.05 is 2.035 (d) What is your conclusion about the slope? The t-statistic...
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...Informative and Surprising Essay In today's society, there have been many teenage death each year but not from cancer or car accidents, but by their own hands. They made the ultimate choice to commit suicide. What is the meaning of "Suicide"? According to Dictionary.com, suicide is the intentional taking of one's own life. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 aged Americans, behind accidents and homicide. Teensuicidestatistics.com wrote, " Even more disturbing is the fact that suicide is the forth leading cause of death for children between the ages of 10 and 14. It is said that for every 100,00 people, there is a rate of 11.3 percent suicide deaths. During the adolescent years, teenagers experience strong feelings of stress, confusion, self-doubt, pressure to succeed, financial uncertainty, and other fears while growing up. These feelings in themselves are not harmful, but normal. However, those who can not handle these situations are ones that attempt suicide. Suicide among teenagers is seriously an issue Americans should put an importance to decease the statistics. There many cause leading to teenage suicide, including divorce of parents; violence at home; being bulling at school for their appearance; feeling of worthlessness; substance abuse; and etc… The most common causer is depression. 900,000 youth planned their suicide during an episode of major depression, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Depression is a mood disorder...
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...Introduction 1.0 Introduction Now a day the culture of consuming energy drink is not only for the western people but also for all over the world. The huge popularity of energy drink brands all over the world is instance. Bangladesh is a developing country. There are different companies who produce local energy drink. There is lots of energy drinks available in Bangladesh like as, Tiger, Red Horse, Speed, Shark, etc. All of these brands are approved by BSTI. But there are some international brands marketed by different companies. Some of them are Red-Bull, BOOST, BAKKAS, 3 Horses, etc. All of these brands are approved by Nuclear Power Commission of Bangladesh (National Nutrition Report, 2002). There is a huge market for energy drink. In today’s mass competitive market each and every company is facing tremendous pressure and challenges to create the brand image and retain the loyal customers. The proper utilization of marketing mix is better solution to the companies. Advertising is one of the best tools of marketing mix. For retaining customers and creating brand image, the full force effort of advertising is now successfully acting in the market. So, to know what is the impact of advertising on energy drink customers, what customers think, does it really works researcher this research. Entitled- ‘‘Advertising impacts on Brand Preference toward energy drink a study on Boost Energy Drink’’ 1.1 Importance of the study Almost all of the media are being used to provide...
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...program for congestive heart failure.. South Dakota Medicine: The Journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association, 66(9), 370-373. This article shows how important, cost wise most importantly, it is to make sure patients with CHF are not readmitted so soon after they are released from their previous hospital stay for the disease. It shows how important it is to stay informed and not to go back to your old habits after your release from a hospital stay. I think the fact that they used follow up home visits after a patients release was key in this study. The fact that they did this study over a year is a good indication that their results are factual. I think any less they would be obsolete. I think this particular article was very informative, not only because of the outcome of how after hospital release care is, but because of the cost of each CHF patient admitted into the hospital. I think in numbers alone this...
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...| Informative SpeechJune 6, 2015 | Professional use of social media By How many of you all have a Facebook account? What about a Twitter account? In today’s world, 56% of people check Facebook daily, there are 120,000 tweets sent every second, 64% of Twitter users and 51% of Facebook users are more likely to buy the products of brands they follow online. They are over 150 industries and over 200,000 organizations on LinkedIn. Social media tools offer unique opportunities for change and productivity. Today, I will be discussing how professional use of social media allows us students to network with professional and personal connections, help with job searching and build our online presence and brand. First off, when I think about social media being used professionally, the first thing that lights a bulb in my head, is LinkedIn. LinkedIn allows you to connect with classmates, faculty, and family professionally. You can also find new opportunities for internships and full time positions. You can manage what potential employers learn about you from the internet. It allows you to research the company you may choose to work for. Let’s be clear about something though, LinkedIn is not the place to post party photos or what you ate for breakfast this morning. I mean, I highly doubt your future employer cares about that. LinkedIn gives you the keys to controlling your online identity. Secondly, since the job market today is pretty much an ocean with a lot of fishes, one should find...
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...The conclusion endorsed in the argument is that.... To support this conclusion, the author points out that.... In addition, the author reasons that.... The argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified and unwarranted claims. In an attempt to … , the article claims that … . To justify the claim, the author provides evidence that … . In addition, he points out that … . he cites the result of a recent study that … In sum, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. To solidify the argument, the author should provide more concrete evidence to demonstrate that … . In addition, the author would have to rule out the abovementioned possibilities that would undermine the claim. （Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.） The argument rests on an unconvincing assumption that A leads to B. However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption/ substantiate the clai presumm. It is entirely possible that…Or perhaps… Lacking more complete information about…, it isptuous to conclude /claim that… Firstly, the author takes for granted that A is the cause of/responsible for B just because the former occurs before the latter. (the former coincides with the latter/ A and B have a correlation) However, many other factors could bring about the same effect, such as … . Without further efforts to rule out other possible explanations, the author’s claim would be in question. / It would be groundless to attribute...
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...McDougall effectively provides authentic and appreciable evidence to corroborate his main point regarding the decline in athletic competition in America because of big shoe companies, by utilizing rhetorical strategies to allow readers to assess the numbers for themselves and the credibility that merits his work. First, McDougall successfully implements logical evidence; by providing a quantitative study executed by a highly educated expert specialized in the discipline of preventative medicine. This study that was done by Dr. Bernard Marti, M.D., at Switzerland’s University of Bern, and sheds light on the insignificance of top-grade shoes. McDougall’s tone was informative and awestruck on the statistical findings done my Dr. Marti. For example, notice the bold idea capitalized in the subheading of his evidence with “PAINFUL TRUTH No. 1: The Best...
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...H., & Baras, Y., B.A. (2012). Exposure of California kindergartners to students with personal belief exemptions from mandated school entry vaccinations. American Journal of Public Health, 102(8), E59-E67. Retrieved from; http://search.proquest.com/docview/1039278619?accountid=158639. Personal Belief Exemption (PBE) from mandated school entry vaccines in California have increased over the past decade. More than 7000 kindergartners in California attend schools with PBE rates greater than 20 per 100, including 2700 kindergartners with PBEs. Infectious disease outbreaks in the state may be associated with the aggregation of intentionally unvaccinated children within schools. This information while very informative of the PBE rate in California, the research showed the highly populated areas of children with PBE’s, and examples of children that are not vaccinated spreading an...
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...frequency Boxplots: less informative than histogram, (can’t tell shape unless unimodal) Statistics: Descriptive- how we cope w/ numbers [graphical methods (histograms, boxplots) numerical methods (mean, median)] Variable Types: QUANTITATIVE (numerical): Discrete- numbers are a certain gap apart, can’t have decimals (# kids in a house) Continuous- numbers can be arbitrarily close together (age, height). QUALITATIVE (categorical): Ordinal- there is a natural order associated (ex. GPA A, B, C or level of satisfaction, bad, good, great) Nominal: No order associated (color of eyes) Time Series Data- Values over time Cross Sectional Data -specific point in time Interval Data – no meaningful 0, cant divide or multiply but the difference b/w 2 values is meaningful. Ratio Data – opposite of interval, can compare to 0 (height). Selection Bias – sampling scheme problem, systematic tendency to exclude one kind of individual (call at 2 pm everyday). Non Response- subjects don’t answer Response Bias- Subjects lie, interviewer effect Under coverage Bias- portion of population is not sampled. Sampling Error- sample to Sample differences are reflected Sample- part of the population of interest. We examine & do have data Sample Size- fraction of pop u have sampled doesn’t matter; sample size does. Parameter- a number describing a characteristic of population (average student debt) something of interest in the population (unknown). Statistic- a number describing a...
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...local stores.” // 结论无据 The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D. Insufficient-sample The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted. (based on a false analogy The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A...,...
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...in the case of "Politically Incorrect? Or Master Strategists? Try Both" by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar; it was to persuade. However, Abdul-Jabbar tried to hide his attempt to persuade people as an article that was supposed to seem informative and educational on the surface. To gather credibility for a series of weak and biased arguments Kareem Abdul-Jabbar misuses statistics and manipulates human emotions. Abdul-Jabbar’s creative and controlling writing is subtlety integrated unless examined further. Abdul-Jabbar’s most powerful tool that he uses throughout his article is his ability to appeal to people’s emotions. He uses quotes that bring attention by appealing to peoples emotions and also makes people feel comfortable with him as a person; this way people are more likely to agree with him. Abdul-Jabbar does this multiple times early on in his article in an effort to build a sense of importance with his...
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...Steps to writing a proper white paper… Use a Linear, Logical Approach: a white paper must be educational, not promotional in tone. And should posses the following objectives: It must attract the right audience. White papers are highly audience specific, it is better to write white papers tailored toward different groups of stakeholders. Must engage the reader; engage by showing them that you understand their problem and that you can “relate”. Or by quickly showing mastery of the subject, through good clear writing. It must inform your reader. Written more like an objective magazine article than a sales brochure. they should objectively present a problem, the business case for solving the problem, and alternative ways of solving the problem. Therefore, the reader gains knowledge from having invested the time to read the paper. Ultimately the reader feels informed, not sold. It must convince your reader; to convince reader to give your organisation consideration based information that you have presented. Example, if your product has a high up-front cost but lower maintenance costs, your paper might include an analysis of ongoing “hidden” costs and a ROI model that shows how a high initial investment might actually be more cost-effective over the life of the purchase. Your Title Is Key to Success of Paper: A creative, meaningful title drives readership, whether you promote your paper online, distribute it at a conference, or pitch it to trade magazine editors. The content...
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...effective treatments. The report consisted of several key findings there were well synthesized, substantiated and presented in a clear and coherent manner. In summary, the research outcome demonstrated my knowledge, skills and ideas that were developed from researching and the information presented was supported by evidence and examples from the research. Nevertheless, just as there were several strengths within my research, correspondingly there were also several weaknesses that affected the quality of my outcome. A negative aspect of my research outcome was that the majority of the key findings were qualitative information regarding the effects of anxiety and the most effective treatments. While a few quantitative key findings regarding the statistics of anxiety were included. Therefore, to enhance the quality of my research outcome I should’ve utilise more quantitative key findings to increase the accuracy of the research...
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...with caution as not all are ideal in every type argument. Ethos Weida and Stolley (2013) say that a writer who uses ethos well establishes credibility, and reliability. According to PathosEthosLogos.com, it makes the writer appear to have great character. The goal of every writer is to make his argument persuasive to his readers. In order to make a connection with the readers, the writer must look knowledgeable, and authoritative in a particular subject of contention. For example, a management writer could wish to teach his readers on the benefits of proper book-keeping to a business. In this regard, he could start by giving examples of businesses that have succeeded by maintaining proper business records. He could as cite relevant statistics to show that book-keeping is a good practice for every business. However, he should show respect to readers who are of a different opinion. If possible, and necessary, he should state his personal experience with this topic, for example, “As an accountant with six years of experience in bookkeeping…” Weida and Stolley (2013) recommend using Toulmin method of logic to arrange the main points of the argument in a logical manner to make it easy for the reader to follow and understand. Last but not least, the writer must ensure his work is free of...
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...Small Wonders By Andrew Marshall Time Asia Small Wonders by Andrew Marshall is an intriguing article that searches for answers to this fascinating question “Are child prodigies born or made?” To begin with, the author strictly defines prodigy as a child who by age 10 displays a mastery of a field. Initially, I had no doubt about this definition; however, after reading some online information, I got to know that although there was growing consensus with the author’s definition, it would be going too far to say that such a consensus exists without controversy. There may, for example, be some wisdom in the view of Radford (1990), who has argued that there are so many problems with specifying at what age, and against what standard, a child would have to perform to be called a prodigy. Personally, I much more agree with Radford’s viewpoint than the strict definition of the author. He regards age as the standard to demiliate a prodigy, while I agree with Radford that each field has its own standards, and it seems better to try to specify what is uniquely characteristic of the child prodigy than restricting a certain age to call someone a prodigy. Prodigies, as the author says, can be found anywhere and in any race or culture. However, there are some factors that prevent some child prodigies from being discovered or developed. Besides poverty, lack of education, and absence of opportunities in the past, most of which have been mentions in the text, there...
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