...follows. Item B According to crime statistics, men are more likely than women to commit crime. However, this statistical difference may be due to the way in which the criminal justice system deals with men and women. In some cases, the nature of female crimes means that they are less likely to be recorded. Men and women seem to commit different types of crime. Those committed by women are seen as more serious if they go against expected gender norms. For men, crime can be seen as an expression of masculinity and a way of gaining social status. Using material from Item B and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of gender differences in the patterns of crime. There are an array of sociological explanations and theories as to why there is a significant difference not only in the crime rates of different genders but also in the crimes committed by each. Firstly,item B states that men are more likely to commit crime than women, official statistics support this statement as they show that of the 1.2 million criminals convicted and sentenced in 2011, only 24% of those were women and 72% were men; this shows that men are 3x more likely to be convicted and sentenced than women. There are a variety of explanations for this significant difference in criminal convictions; Parsons, and other functionalists, argue that this difference is due the Sex Role theory which states that men and women have different roles within the family, the women has the expressive role which causes...
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...Structural theories One of the theories is Marxism who studies society on a macro perspective so they generate a lot of statistics. They concentrate a lot on class and believe there is conflict between two opposing classes’ bourgeoisie and working class. They have a similar view to the social action theory and that view is in society there is struggle between the powerful and the powerless. They also have a view on feminism and that is it’s not just men who exploit women but also capitalist. Their view is capitalism is the root of all exploitation which also creates competition between social classes. They have views on the role of the family and they believe family maintains capitalism. They have a very strong opinion on school and believe education reproduce a passive workforce for capitalism as in students are taught workers should accept their position and that causes less conflict for the capitalists. They also believe education creates class inequality as in upper class are meant to succeed whilst lower class are meant to fail. They believe school is just preparation for the work force as in the rules students are told follow. This creates ideological dominants by the school as they promote the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor. They also believe that education reproduces the public structure. The Marxist theory has been criticised by other theories which is typical in sociology. Functionalists believe they focus too much on class and need to look more at ethnicity...
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...family diversity What is a family? Sociologist Brown defined a family as “a group of people who are related by kinship ties: relatives of blood, marriage or adoption” (Brown, 1998). But many people might argue this statement is not right anymore as this only defines a traditional family. There are many different types of family which include Nuclear, Cereal Packet, Extended, Single Parent, and Reconstituted. Over the years family life has become more diverse. There is a lot of evidence that there is no one particular family type in Britain. In this report I will be looking at the impact of diversity on the family; such as Social Class, Ethnicity, Sexuality and cultural differences in relation to family diversity. Types of families The statistics of families in modern Britain show that there is increasing diversity, which in turn suggests that the nuclear family is decreasing in importance. The types of family that are increasing include Lone parent families, Reconstituted families and Extended families. These are the main types of families in the UK. Because of increasing diversity in family life in modern Britain, there are more types of family: Cohabiting and Homosexual. In this section I will look into diverse range of families and household types. “In 2012 there were 18.2 million families in the UK. Of these, 12.2 million consisted of a married couple with children.” (http://www.ons.gov.uk) This family type is called Nuclear Family and is the most common family type in Britain...
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...views of different parties involved) and relevant theories (e.g. youth participation to the labour market, discrimination, exploitation, etc.). Your essay should be: focused (what’s the point/problem?), academically informed (use of theories) and properly referenced, detailed (including statistical data, who is involved, etc.), balanced (you need to present the different view points), critical (who is right or wrong, for which reasons), and conclusive (so what? What to conclude). ETHNIC AND CULTURAL AWARENESS AT WORKPLACE Abstract This paper examines how Hispanic struggles within the workplace to negative factors such as discrimination, unfairness, injustice and harassment. It also places emphasis on historical and comptemporary antedecants, multiculturalism, and oppression. Introduction In an ideal world, every person is treated equally when it comes to getting a job, advancing in their career, and being treated fairly in the workplace. However in reality, we know this is not the case. Racial discrimination does still exist in hiring, firing, and promotions and unfortunately discrimination against Hispanics in the workplace is on the rise. As the economy worsens and job losses mount in America, there is an increase in discrimination toward Hispanics in the workplace in America. Racial discrimination poses a large problem in the American workplace. Racial discrimination affects people all over the world. In defining racial discrimination, the National Research Council...
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...In 2008, they did a survey; the Government Accountability Office put the rate of sexual assault at 7 percent of women and 2 percent of men. As women make up about 15 percent of the military, most victims are male. “Sexual assault on military men is much more prevalent than people imagine,” said VA psychologist David Sutton, a former Air Force pilot and Vietnam vet who counsels male sexual assault victims at a VA hospital in Big Spring, Texas. “In basic training, it's easy to exert one's power over a young recruit. And even if they do report it, there is an attempt to disregard it or an attempt to cover it up.” (See article: Male (and Female) Rape in the Military http://www.refusingtokill.net/rape/malerapinthearmy.htm). According to the article, Male sexual trauma victims have labeled officers or older enlisted men gang raping recruits, soldiers “sodomizing victims with...
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...misbehavior at school. The husband gets mad and starts beating up the children. The wife tries to intervene to stop the violence, but instead of things calming down, the husband beats the children and the wife at the same time. This is not a movie or a story. This is the real world of domestic violence where wives are beaten up by their husbands with or without a reason. Domestic violence against women is a serious problem that threatens the physical and emotional wellbeing of women, and that negatively affects the quality of their life. The beating of women is a very old story that has been practiced for many centuries. Hundreds of years ago, women were treated as a commodity. They were in fact treated as slaves who had to obey the orders of those males who dominated them. These relationships existed in the male-dominant societies all over the world. Beating women was part of this culture, since the use of violence was applied to remind women that they are to remain under the control of their male masters. Beating is part of the obedience relationship. In most religions, women are expected to obey their husbands. Both Christianity and Islam for example expect and order the woman to obey her husband and to submit to his will. The same is applied to other religions as well. So what happens is that when the woman does not obey her husband or if the husband feels that his wife is not obeying him, he resorts to violence to make things right for himself. This means...
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...cohesive body of theory than Realism or Institutionalism. The basic insight of the theory is that the national characteristics of individual States matter for their international relations” (Anne-Marie Slaughter, 2011). Many looked at international relations in some other ways. In other words, each has looked at it according to their own agenda and benefits. In simpler words of my understanding, international relation is a study where it looks at the relationship between countries, which will of course include the role of different organizations and different policies. For a long time now, our world is highly filled with national security dialogues such as diplomats, statesmen and military positions, however, all of these managed to avoid women participation due to their lack of characteristics required to handle such heavy duties. Gender discrimination is not something new, proving that would be all of the feminist movements that happened over the years to address their issues. Many categories in life have addressed women’s issue for some changes even when it comes to the world of politics. However, not until recently where international relations has made some unwillingly places for feminist between them (Eric M. Blanchard, 2003). Knowing that both International Relations and feminism are classmates in many...
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...her to beat the cancer, now she has been cancer free for a year. She is a very strong willed person and that is why I believe is the reason that she is still here today others have not been so lucky or gave up the fight too early. With this in mind, Debra has discovered along with many breast cancer survivors that the oral contraceptives for many years were a possible cause to the reason they were diagnosed with cancer. There are more than one reason has to why we should support breast cancer. Breast cancer is something that will or has affected us all in one way or another. I. Here are some statics on breast cancer: A. A woman is diagnosed with Breast Cancer every 2.5 Minutes. 1. Worldwide, breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers) in women. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer) 2. Over the course of a lifetime, 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. (A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia.) B. The Susan G. Komen website the most recent estimates for breast cancer in the United States are for 2012: 1....
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...as wrong word, look as well as activity. Psychologists come to help. Such problem happens in every family at least once. The reason is very commonplace – a necessity to assert power and control over significant other, which is very typical for our men. Any trifle can trigger violence: a wife said, looked or did something wrong Victims of domestic violence can call to hot lines in Moscow crisis center ANN ( Association against violence), where psychologists provide psychological aid and work out personal safety plan for victims. Indeed, most of those who turned to helpline, desperate enough, they can’t find way-out from situation without help. That's when psychologists from the center come to help. First of all, they help women to decide how to behave with their husbands. It is advisable, in case husband will lock down a wife at home - to give the spare keys to the relatives or ask neighbors immediately to call the police, when they will hear noise in the apartment. Personal visit to the local police department is also possible. Unfortunately, this move in Russia is associated with a serious problem, so you need to prepare for a long fight. Quite common husbands give bribes, or sloppiness by the police in performing their duties also possible. Police consider domestic assault to be less serious and more personal. There are cases, when policemen offered a woman to handcuff their husbands-troublemakers without charges in order to beat him up in the department. Or cynically...
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...Instead there are alternatives such as adoption and about 1.5 million families who are willing open to adopt a child and still end up with the same results. They are also many ways to prevent from getting pregnant that one could take and won’t have to deal with abortion. She also talks about the arguments against pro-life. She claims that adoption is not the same as abortion because statistics show that many women end up keeping their babies instead of giving it up. She also claims that statistics show that 88% of abortion occur during the first trimester which has less than 0.5% risks of complications. Also show that only 8% percent of abortions do not use any form of birth control. Also she states that teenagers who end up being a teen mom end up being a high school dropout, having health issues or end up being...
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...ABSTRACT The legal right to be free from torture and cruel and inhuman or degrading treatment is recognized by most nations and is internationally guaranteed. Women and children working in the sex industry are repeatedly subject to rape, violence, and sexually transmitted diseases. The current system of prosecuting and jailing these women has been ineffective in reducing the illegal activities. These issues can be addressed by legalizing and regulating the prostitution industry. By using Nevada where brothels are legal as a model for the rest of the country enforcing strict regulations can better protect those victimized by the industry. Legalization of Prostitution Prostitution is often referred to as the world’s oldest profession. According to a survey conducted by ABC News Prime time 15% of all American men have paid for sex and 30% of single men over the age of 30 have paid for sex ("POLL: American Sex Survey - ABC News", 2004). The sex industry is one that affects many American citizens. The National Task Force on Prostitution suggests that over one million people in the US have worked as prostitutes in the United States, or about 1% of American women" (Prostitution in The United States - The Statistics, 2007). Currently prostitution is illegal by Federal law Title 18 Part I Ch.117 Sec. 2422 under “Coercion and Enticement” and can carry up to a 20 year prison sentence ("Title 18 United States Code Crimes and Criminal Procedure", n.d.). There are several arguments as...
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...individual’s psychological health, physical wellbeing, social health, economic health and spiritual health. Furthermore, all of these benefits contribute to the quality of life of an individual. Having a healthy spiritual life comes from living a healthy lifestyle and being emotionally stable. Being spiritually healthy may involve believing and following a specific religion to shape one’s morals. From a spiritual perspective, the Catholic Church condemns the pornography industry based on the grounds that it affects a person’s family, marriage and overall wellbeing. The body can create an addiction to pornography but yet the mind can generate negative thoughts and the heart can stimulate a downfall of emotions. This is a simple understanding of how an individual can be affected due to the nature of Internet pornography. Pornography can be defined as any commercial product in the form of fictional drama designed to elicit...
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...I have been looking at trend and patterns of health and illness of different social groups. Some factors that could affect this are gender, social, geographical location, ethnicity and age. I have used several statistical sources to find out if social class does affect health and illness. The world health organisation states “a state of complete health physical, metal and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Social class is an informal ranicing of people, based on their income, occupation, education, dwelling and other factors. This may be referred to as a socio – conic backgrounds. Morality (death) and morbidity (sickness) vary greatly among different social class. Social class factors that cause inequalities are income, occupation, education and environment. Cultural or behavioural This explanation looked at the behaviour and lifestyle choices of people in the lower social classes. It appeared lower social class smoked more, drank more alcohol, take less exercise and eat more junk food. Poor lifestyle choices were linked to a range of chronic – illnesses, heart disease, cancer, diabetics and bronchitis. Personally I think that the message people have about alcohol, smoking and drugs is that they do it to look cool in front of their friends or that they have been peered pressured into it especially with alcohol. Only 65 per cent of people actually drink alcohol and smoke to be more socially with friends. the people who drink 60 per cent of...
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...Final Paper Women and Girl Rights The issue of gender equality has always been and will always be a topic of controversy. The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) defines “gender equality as the measurable equal representation of women and men not seen as the same but having equal values and should be accorded equal treatment” the right to see women and girls as not the same as men and boys but should be given equal opportunity in every facet of life is a debate that will linger for a very longer time not because laws have not been put in place to uphold it because its implementation will require adequate follow up and time. The way the society sees women plays a crucial role in gender equality. Gender role affects the way women and men are expected to behave and act in a given society and this behavior differs among cultures and ethnic groups. The role of a girl or boy is first initiated by their parents. The mother of a girl child is usually more protective of her and she is taught different etiquettes which she must follow and if not obliged she is seen as wayward and a societal misfit. The fiction “Girl” by Jamaica Kincaid illustrates this when she writes “this is how you….this is how you behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well, and this way they won’t recognize immediately the slut I have warned you against becoming” this depicts how a girl is expected to live by certain rules made by her mother to protect her from becoming a “no good”...
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...causes the individual to act a certain way, essentially individuals are just products of their environment. “The Power of Context is an environmental argument. It says that behavior is a function of social context” (156), this quote from Gladwell demonstrates that the environment has a powerful effect on how the individual functions. He also introduces the Broken Windows theory. According to Gladwell the Broken Windows theory suggests that individuals who are in environments that are in bad condition, and with high crime rates, will be influenced and motivated to commit crimes. This type of environment causes “invitations to more serious crimes” (152). Gladwell’s theories are used in respect for an government that is trying to...
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