...Modeling Qualitative Variable (Dummy Variables) with Regression Modeling values as base and differences Base price: $299.99 MS office and Student 2010: $299.99+$119=$418.99 MS office home and business 2010: $299.99+$199=$498.99 MS office Pro 2010: $299.99+$349=$648.99 Since we must use 1 and 0 to represent yes and no, we can model…Price=299.99+119(X1)+199(X2)+349(X3) If you choose X1: put 1 in the X1 and others 0, If you choose X2: put 1 in the X2 and others 0…. NOTE: Intercept will be the base price. Ex) model the following computers Computer1, base computer with 1 year support $338.99 Computer2, 90 day support $299.99 Answer) 338.99-39(X1)+80(X2) Computer3, 2 year support $418.99 Using averages: if you are purchasing the same type of computer across many dealers, some prices will be higher and some will be lower, therefore we average the prices. Average price = 300+50(option1)+200(option2)-140(option3). Here we have 4 option: base, option1, option2, option3 If there are 5 options, 4 dummy variables would be needed, base, option1, option2, option3, option4. In general, we will model a qualitative variable with “c” levels using “c-1” dummy variables. Population Mean of Y = 0 + 1X1 + 2X2 + … + + c-1Xc-1 What would be the base average price? 0 = μc What would represent? 0 + 1X1 + 2X2 +X3 => if you choose level 3, 0+μ3 => μ3- μc What would be the population mean of level 2? 0+μ2 => μ2- μc Error due to...
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...Causes and Treatments of Addictions Tracy J Lancaster Behavioral Satistics 325 July 29th 2012 Instructor Sasha Flearly Causes and Treatments of Addiction Introduction Addiction is a condition defined by an individual's intense need to consume a particular substance, usually an illicit drug or alcohol. Typically regarded as a disease or medical condition, addiction is seen by many as a form of disability. Addiction is generally diagnosed based on the following criteria: tolerance, withdrawal, and craving. Tolerance refers to the body's ability to metabolize, or tolerate, a certain quantity of a substance prior to reaching the point of intoxication. Withdrawal refers to the agitated behavior, ranging from mild irritability to severe physical illness that many habitual substance users display when they cannot consume their desired substances (Hamid, 2002). Finally, craving refers to a user's physical, and frequently psychological, need to consume a substance in order to offset withdrawal symptoms. People are believed to be addicts when they habitually consume drugs or alcohol, often to the point of intoxication, and when they display signs of withdrawal and craving in the absence of those substances. Recently some scholarship has examined how many behaviors like gambling, sex, and exercise can also be addictive based on these criteria. Thesis Statement Drug Addiction is a relatively recent construct in a social phenomenon. That is, regardless of the use...
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...Statistical Report Writing No.3. Introduction. A federal regulatory agency is investigating an advertised claim that a certain device can increase the gasoline mileage of car. Ten of these devices are purchased and installed in cars. Gasoline mileage (mpg) for each of the cars is recorded both before and after installation. The data are listed in the following table. The columns “Before” and “After” show the mileage (mpg) before and after the installation of device, the column “Change” represents the improvement of mileage. Here we present the summary of statistics for each variables. In this study we want to determine whether there is a significant gain in mileage after the devices were installed. Data analysis and statistical test. The following figures show the histogram and the normal quantile plot (QQ plot) for the variable “Change”. Note that the sample size is small. Thus, the reliability of statistical test is dependent on the ability to assume that the data come from a normal distribution. In particular, we need to assess the normality for the variable “Change” since it is used for a statistical test. The histogram (above left) displays neither a center nor symmetry of distribution. Rather, it is bimodal, suggesting that there are two distinct populations to which the effect of device could be different. The QQ plot (above right) also indicates that the plots do not follow the straight line. Thus, the normality of data cannot be assumed, making...
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...Madison Williams Statistics Racer 12/07/2015 Final Exam 1. Mean (2+4+6+8+10+12+14+16)/8 =72/8 =9 Differences 2-9=-72=49 4-9=-52=25 6-9=-32=9 8-9=-12=1 10-9=12=1 12-9=32=9 14-9=52=25 16-9=72=49 Variance 49+25+9+1+1+9+25+49=168 168/8=21 Standard Deviation √21=4.582575695 2. Binomial Problem What is the probability of asking 200 children if they asked for an Ipad from Santa? 3. A) Rocking around the Christmas Tree plays every 90 minutes, if you arrive at random and stay for 20 minutes, what is the probability that you will here it play? b) These new Christmas lights have said to last for 300 days with a standard deviation of 50 days, what is that probability that the Christmas lights will last 365 days? c) The average number of houses that Santa visits in an hour is 10,377. What is the probability that Santa will visit exactly 10,380 houses in the next hour? 4. Confidence Interval Problem We are very concerned about Santa’s weight this year regarding the amount of presents we can put on the sleigh. So we would like to estimate the average weight of an adult male in the North Pole. We draw a random sample of 1,000 men and weigh them. We found that the average man in our sample weighs 180 pounds, and the standard deviation is 30 pounds. What is the 95% confidence interval? -180± 1.86 -180± 3.0 -180± 5.88 -180± 30 5. A) If there were a toy shortage in the North Pole, Santa would have to make a change in order to meet their deadline. Statistically, Santa would...
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...Thesis People are the same. We all have similar body characteristics. We all generally have two eyes, two hands and two feet. Most of us also wear shoes. But producing shoes of varying sizes is expensive and time consuming. Nyke is proposing a plan to cut the cost of their production of shoes by only making one universal size shoe for their customer base. We will look at a sample of data obtained by this company and determine if this is statistically the best plan moving forward for this company. Data Observations A statistical study is only as good as its raw data. Nyke has provided a sample of thirty five of their customer base shoe sizes, heights and genders. This is a really small random sample based on the gross production of shoes already being produced by Nyke, however, we can make some recommendations based on these numbers. We will assume these numbers are correct, and the process of picking these data points were random. Statistical Testing There are many tests we can run on this sample of data to determine if it is viable. First we need to turn this data into numbers that we can use in our equations to calculate our values. So we need to convert the numbers into the mean, median, mode, range of values, x, x2 and the standard deviation of the data. Second, we will use the data to construct several graphs, such as a boxplot, histogram, stem and leaf plot and a scatter plot to determine if or how the data is skewed and if there are any outliers. If we identify...
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...STAT 3321 – Final, Spring, 2007 – Green Exam - Printed Name_______________________ By signing below I state that I understand that academic dishonesty can result in punishment resulting in at least a zero on this test and could include expulsion from the university and that all the work on this exam is mine. Directions 1. Do not open exam until told. 2. Bubble in your last name, skip a space, and then your first name on the scantron. 3. Set all pagers and cell phones to silent and place on floor or backpack 4. When finished place your printed material inside your exam and place on desk in front. 5. Check the board for corrections to the exam before leaving. 6. You can not use your phone as a calculator. 7. Assume a = 0.05 and 95% confidence unless told otherwise. I have read and I understand all the directions above. _____________________________________________ Signature 1 Suppose P(A) = 0.35. The probability of the complement of A is: a. 0.35 b. 0.65 c. 0.50 d. 0.35 e. 0.05 2 If P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.45 and P(A and B) = 0.25, then P(A|B) is: a. 0.714 b. 0.556 c. 1.4 d. 1.8 e. 0.45/0.35 3 You are trying to predict the starting salary of students based on their GPA. You find a 95% the population intercept is 25,000 with a margin of error of ±2,000 . Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the interval values? With 95% confidence we can say that …. a. for each one point increase in GPA, the average starting salary is...
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...Statistics 104: Quantitative Methods for Economists Fall 2010 Final Examination Directions This exam is open book/open notes. Calculators are allowed but not laptop computers. The exam will end 3 hours after it begins. The exam is divided into two parts. The first part is multiple choice and true/false. Please answer these questions on the exam by circling the best answer (some rounding occurs in several places). The second part of the exam consists of several problems. Please answer these problems in the space provided on the exam (you may use the backs of the sheets if necessary). You will get partial credit for these problems provided that your answers are organized and legible so that your train of thought can be easily followed. Good Luck By Printing my name below I acknowledge that Harvard has an honor code and that I will adhere to it. Failure to abide by the honor code could result in failing this course and having to wash Professor Parzen’s car with my toothbrush. NAME: _____________Keyser Soze_______________________________ (-50 if not printed) Question Multiple Choice Long 1 Long 2 Long 3 Long 4 Long 5 Total Points 100 5 18 12 12 18 165 Obtained 1 Multiple Choice (3 points each) 1) The standard deviation of the normal distribution shown above is approximately a) σ = 100 b) σ = 90 c) σ = 15 d) σ = 10 2) As the degrees of freedom for the t distribution increase, the distribution approaches a) b) c) d) The value of zero for the mean. The t...
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...I used to play soccer for a club,just for recreational purposes,in fact i was one of the cofounders of the team. The team we assembled was a mixture of young and old, and for this reason we were the laughing stock of the league, because all other teams were made up solely of young players, who were exceptionally talented. The team ended up on the wrong side of the score for the first few games we played, and got nicknamed the “whopping boys”. Eventually we grew tired of the nickname and of our performances on the field, and we decided to try and improve things, first thing we did was to elect a leader for the club. Even though i didnʼt want the job, i was voted into the position, and as the president it was my duty to represent my team when the league called for club meetings. At the time we were all students, so it was decided that we would all contribute towards any and all expenses,but unfortunately when you dealing with a blend of young and old, things donʼt always go according to plan, people constantly made up excuses for not showing up for practice, or for not contributing towards our equipment. Even though it wasnʼt my duty, i took it upon myself to ensure that every single player showed up for practice, i used to drive up to the houses of all those who didnʼt have any transportation. It was a tiring job, but i realized that if i wanted the team to be successful, i had to make certain sacrifices, some of which included taking money out of my own pocket...
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...Axia College Material Appendix A Final Project Overview and Timeline Final Project Overview The final project consists of a checkout application. This application—similar to practical programs at many supermarkets—includes the following elements: • Complete requirements analysis • Design • Verification • Validation and test documentation The checkout application is a program that allows users to enter items and totals will be added up and results presented to the user. Requirements The requirements will change for each assignment section. This is because as we go along you will be able to add to the previous assignment using what you have learned during the course. Each assignment will require you to perform analysis and design and testing. We will learn more formal testing in week 6. Final Project Timeline You should budget your time wisely and work on your project throughout the course. As outlined below, some CheckPoints and assignments in the course are designed to assist you in creating your final project. If you complete your course activities and use the feedback provided by the instructor, you will be on the right track to complete your project successfully. □ Suggested in Week One: Read Appendix A regarding the final project overview and timeline. □ Due in Week Two: Initial Application Development □ Due in Week Four: Additional Application Development □ Due in Week Six: Final Application Development and Test Cases ...
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...patient for hearing aid suitability. It was agreed that these three sessions encompassed all aspects in Audiology she may come across in her future career. For example, she can fit a hearing aid, she can assess a patient and she has learnt that not all fittings are straight forward, for those presenting with a unique problem(s). The end product is patient satisfaction, provide a solution for the patient and to support that in practise. Leanne has come on in leaps and bounds since her early days in the department. She is confident, but finds it difficult to ask questions. However, she does manage talk about things in the appointment through her reflective reporting. This is something I may need to talk with her about when I have the final meeting with her. But I am not overly concerned at this moment in time. The 3 reflective reports that Leanne produces is of good quality, informative and reasonably accurate. It also highlights aspects of training she mentions that we both have undertaken together in the appointment, so I suppose she is reporting her own training and that of mine in her words, that I can use as evidence that can be signed off. Each three reflective reports enclosed have been signed by myself and my mentor-supervisor, including this document. Trainee mentor…………………….print name………………….date:……………… Mentor-supervisor…………………print...
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...the students are Bill and John. Bill believes that the completed -contract method is most like recognizing revenue at point of delivery because in the end the final product is delivered and has fulfilled any requirements to recognize revenue. John believes that percentage-of-completion is most like point of delivery and this allows a company to recognize revenue over time. I support Bill’s opinion that the completed-contract method is closest to recognizing revenue at point of delivery. The reason I support this is because while there is still construction taking place, as in the percentage-of-completion method, there still is no actual product being delivered. Along with no product being delivered, it is possible that the final product may never actually be made. If there’s a chance the end product not being made then there is no way to recognize revenue for that product. Using the completed contract method we hold off on recognizing any revenue until the final product is finished and delivered to the client. In my opinion completed contract fulfills the requirements of revenue recognition which are (1) the amount has to be realized / realizable and (2) the revenue must be earned. In completed contract at point of delivery the item can be considered earned now that it is completed and ownership has passed to the final customer. Percentage-of-completion does help serve large contracts that take years to complete so that a company can recognize some revenue every year. The problem...
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...A statement presented in justification or explanation of a belief or action. Sentence- The student gave the principal a reason why he talked back to his teacher. Record- (v) Set down in writing or some other permanent form for later reference, esp. officially Sentence- We recorded the notes so that I could use them on my test later in the year. Relationship - (n) a connection, association, or involvement Sentence- The relationship between those two people is brother and sister Research – (v) to search or investigate exhaustively Sentence- I researched the problem in the investigation to find out what happened. Resolution – (n) The act of resolving or determining upon an action or course of action, method, procedure, etc. Sentence- The final resolution on the argument between the two students was that they both got suspended. Respond- (v) To reply or answer in words Sentence- The student responded to the teacher because he was called on to answer the...
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...presentation of your findings, and manage the time and skills of your group members. The objective of this assignment is to persuade your audience/potential investors that you have identified an opportunity that fills an important gap in the market. You are asked to identify an idea for a new venture and conduct an environmental analysis (PEST, Five Forces, size of market) to prove that your idea is worth funding. Essentially, you are answering two questions: What is your idea and why does it represent a worthwhile opportunity in the business environment? This project is worth 20 marks of your BU111 final grade and consists of three components: • 4 marks for the New Venture Preliminary Report (hard copy due BEFORE Friday, October 12th at 12 noon; turnitin and peer evaluations due BEFORE Friday, October 12th at 12 midnight • 10 marks for the Final Report (hard copy due BEFORE Friday, November 16th at 12 noon and turnitin and peer evaluations BEFORE Friday, November 16th at 12 midnight) • 6 marks for the New Venture Presentations (done in Labs #10 or #11 as assigned by TA – peer evaluations due BEFORE Wednesday, December 5th at 12 midnight) Details on what is required and how to complete and submit each of the above components are provided below. New Venture Idea Qualification In order for your new venture idea to qualify as a legitimate opportunity, it should possess the following three essential characteristics: 1) creates value...
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...Utter chaos or sheer comical genius? The Eric Andre Show transcends what most people typically think of in terms of a variety show. This man has taken his talents as a comedian and created something that is truly unforgettable. The show on Wednesday, September 19 started with Eric Andre running out on stage throwing beer, sandwiches, what seemed to be chicken carcasses, and many other objects out into the crowd as he jumped off stage and began to run through the dense mass of people pushing, shoving, and simply making a riot amongst the observers. He disappeared and shortly after appeared back on stage fully naked running around the set. Things slowly settled down and it was time for his first guest, Russell Brandt. The crowd grew eager and when he finally came on stage, it was clear that it was in fact not he. Either that, or Russell Brandt changed his image to that of a malnourished Philadelphian homeless person. Once on stage “Brandt” sang a song, in what seemed to be English accompanied by a plastic guitar and a 2 liter bottle filled with some unknown foamy liquid that eventually also ended up in the crowd. His next two guests consisted of a local juggler and Freeway, who is a native rapper of North Philadelphia. It was clear that neither of the two were aware of what they were actually participating in. Right as the juggler was about to begin his performance, the lights dimmed and Doc Chicken emerged. This was nothing more than a rubber chicken with a stethoscope...
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...One of the strategies we discussed to resolve the conflict was (1) Meet with the three employees to discuss their ideas, (2) Meet with Jan and Marc to understand why they are unable to come to an agreement or compromise, (3) As the manager direct each employee to develop and present their ideas about the ad to a management team. The first strategy we discussed was to have a meeting with Jan, Sally, and Marc to find out why and how we could help them come to a decision about the ad. Allow each employee to present what ideas they have for the ad. As the manager listen to the idea, explain to them your views on what makes a successful ad, and make any suggestions for improvement on the ideas, if needed. Feedback is welcome, but we have a deadline to meet. Ask each one of them what they can produce to help promote this ad. Also remind them that they have been successful in the past and we are sure you can work together to solve this conflict. It’s about compromising. The second strategy is meeting with Jan and Marc, since they were unable to compromise. Even though they worked very well together in the past and Sally tried to get them to come to an agreement they could not set their personal values aside. The manager needs to be the negotiator to guide employees to see others views. Compromise is the key to good negotiation. You need to be able to give in a little to get closer to what you want. Have Marc and Jan present their ideas for the ad, give feedback on...
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