...Helping Prevent Global Warming Planet earth is warming faster than at any time in the past one thousand years and there is little doubt that human activity is to blame. There are many things we could do to stop the effects of global warming. One is to start recycling this would help clean up the earth. And people could stop smoking and they could not use their cars as much. Instead of fuel we could use solar power or any renewable source. There is increasing interest from governments in renewable energy supplies as a means of reducing greenhouse gases and global warming. The oceans are widely recognized as having the potential to provide a significant percentage of our energy requirements, and ongoing research is mapping this resource in detail. Current designs require extraction devices to be comparable in size to the length of a "typical wave". There is evidence to suggest that much smaller point absorbers could extract energy more efficiently than current designs. There are also opportunities for both natural and man-made concentration of waves in gullies and inlets. Governments are increasingly looking towards wind power and other renewable energy sources to combat increasing greenhouse gases and global warming. During its operating life, a typical wind turbine can produce 80 times the energy used to build, operate, and dismantle it. Public opinion is broadly in favour of wind power, but the environmental impact of wind...
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...deepening of the rafter sections. This form of continuous frame structure is stable in its plane and provides a clear span that is unobstructed by bracing. They are very efficient for enclosing large volumes; therefore they are often used for industrial, storage, retail and commercial applications as well as for agricultural purposes. A portal frame building comprises a series of transverse frames braced longitudinally. The primary steelwork consists of columns and rafters, which form portal frames, and bracing. The end frame (gable frame) can be either a portal frame or a braced arrangement of columns and rafters. The light gauge secondary steelwork consists of side rails for walls and purlins for the roof. The secondary steelwork supports the building envelope, but also plays an important role in restraining the primary steelwork. The roof and wall cladding separate the enclosed space from the external environment as well as providing thermal and acoustic insulation. The structural role of the cladding is to transfer loads to secondary steelwork and also to restrain the flange of the purlin or rail to which it is attached. TYPES OF PORTAL FRAMES Many different forms of portal frames may be constructed. Frame types described below give an overview of types of portal construction with typical features illustrated. This information only provides typical details and is not meant to dictate any limits on the use of any particular structural form. Pitched roof...
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...resistance as influenced by the building height and use. Services may be integrated with the structural zone, or may be suspended below the floor. Structural floors may have a directly applied floor finish, or a screed, or a raised floor to provide distribution of electrical and communication services. The following floor systems are described: Composite beams and composite slabs. Integrated floor beams Cellular beams (either using hot rolled steel sections or fabricated sections). Composite beams with precast concrete units. Integrated floor beams (also known as slim floor beams). Non-composite beams with pre-fabricated concrete slabs 1.1 Composite Floors Composite floors comprise profiled steel decking, which is lifted onto the steelwork in bundles and usually man-handled into position. A fall arrest system is installed immediately after the...
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...of 1837, which was essentially a mini depression. In 1839, John crafted ten steel plows. In 1840, forty plows were produced. And in the following years, John Deere manufactured seventy-five, one hundred, and four hundred plows. ("The Impact of John Deere's Plow.")That is more than one a day! when a new railroad decided to pass Grand DeTour, John saw that DeTour was a dying town. Consequently, he established a partnership with John Gould and Robert Tate and moved to Moline. The Mississippi river made it easy for John to export his plows, and The Mississippi gave the factory an infinite source of water power and coal. John found some other steelworks that have been founded in America. John got his steel from Lyon Sharb & Company from St. Louis for very cheap prices, but it was not of the same quality. he then found Jones and Quigg Steelworks in Pittsburgh a little while later which manufactured superior steel compared to anybody else on the market ("The Impact of John Deere's Plow"). As new steel sources popped up around him, they made it cheaper to produce the plows, and therefore cheaper to sell them. He was receiving orders for plows so fast, John could hardly keep up. John became the CEO of Deere and Company until (year), when his son took over the business. He has never once stopped improving his design. Even today, the John Deere enterprise has kept its drive for excellence. The steel plow is undoubtedly the single most important innovation in agriculture. He has opened...
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...turboprops. These aircraft replace PIA quickly. A310, on the other hand, reduced oil consumption 737-900ER 5.500 $ 2.500 $ oil. In addition, an 85% occupancy rate and 12.5 hours daily use of aircraft, an additional 72 million or a gain of $ 720 million. The air of employment, which is currently widespread in airplanes to 776, will sink the highest in the world to a time adjustment. In addition, the shortest route B777 is used for long journeys. The engine change, which contribute to the reduction of costs on the basis of the flight cycles. Finally, 35 core are tested per month and 1 million employees. Debt The losses of the three major public sector companies (PSE) - International Airlines of Pakistan, Pakistan Railways and Pakistan steelworks increased to about Rs705 billion in three years despite long-term injector funding organizations. In addition to about 600 corore of debt built in the accounts of the electricity sector company, including 348bn rupees built in three years, although consumer prices have increased several times. The resurgence of the PSE deficit was one of the central themes of a three-year economic reform program...
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...those labor disagreements. In 1892, Carnegie steel was in a feud with The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers over wages and unfair treatment of workers at the homestead steel Works plant. Public quarrel orbited around the fact that the wage scale for employees was unfair. However, the real and fundamental reason for the battle was Carnegie's profound disdain for shared negotiating. He loathed any union interference to the well-being of his company that he created. Carnegie ruled with an Iron Fist and was prepared to do anything and everything in his power to overthrow the unions. Up to this point in his undertaking, Carnegie had effectively disturbed Union acknowledgement at every one of his steel mills except the Homestead Steelworks. While Carnegies objectives are now well-known, he was very mindful of the publics opinion. Carnegie did not want to look as if he was a strikebreaker or enemy of labor. Instead he was pretending to be a supporter for work rights. As expected, negotiations broke down. One of Carnegies plant managers, Henry Clay Frick, stood for Carnegie and prepared for confrontation with the Union. Frick ordered the construction of a 3-mile reinforcement to the perimeter of Homestead Steel works by building a 12 foot wooden fence around the facility. Equipped it with barbed wire in an observation deck. More akin to a prison that of steel mill fortification. For workers to nickname the facility Fort frick. Henry Clay Frick created the eventual strike by...
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...Introduction of Tata Steel Limited Tata Steel Limited (previously Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO)) which was established in 1907, it was the Asia’s first and India’s largest privately owned steel company. This company was the flagship company of Tata group, which started by Jamsetji Tata. Tata Steel had expended the business globally and successfully; their business have been running all over the world. It was ranked the 11th largest steel producing company in the world in 2013. Frame work Is Tata Steel Limited successful just because it is using the right market strategy? Is Tata Steel Limited earning a big profit just because the workers are hard-working? In this essay, I will be using PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces as my main models to analysis Tata Steel Limited. The purpose of doing this research is to see how Tata Steel Limited managing the business tremendously successful in a real market by applying these analysis methods. Political Factor At all times, government is always acting an key role in the development of different industries. It takes charge of the labor law, tax policy, tariffs, environmental law, trade restrictions and political stability. Political factor may also include what the government wants to provide or not to provide. After 200 years ruled by the British, India became an independent nation in 1947 and India’s economy changed to a free market economy in 1991. Government put a lot effort to change the economy. They increased...
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...QCF 45 Concreting Project at Overstone Grange Farm. Whilst working on the Grain Pit, I was asked to replace the entire frontage of the existing grain store. This was a fairly good sized project. It involved digging out the old ground and separating the contents to recycle as much as I could. This was a request from the Farmer to try to reduce costs. The top coat was crushed road tarmac, the next layer was Type 1 MOT and the base layer was clay. I had an area of approx 30m x 10m to prepare ready for new concrete slabs. I had to divide this area into 5 sections as requested by the client because different areas of the slab had different uses. 3 sections had to have a brushed finish with a troweled edge for the wheeled machines to grip to. The other 2 sections had to have a smooth finish. The reason for this was a machine with a grain bucket. The bucket needed to be able to scoop the grain without hindrance and tip the contents over the grain walling. We started to clear out the existing ground with a 3 Tonne machine, dug trenches for the new drainage, installed a new manhole chamber below the new slab, then ordered crushed hardcore for the sub base. I used a compaction roller to lay the sub base in phases. The reason for the phases was to make sure I had a good base prior to the concrete slab being poured. Once we had a solid sub base, we started to mark out each slab and put Road form shuttering in place. This was used to shore up the concrete when pouring. I then...
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...The Tata Corus merger has made Tata Steel the fifth largest steel manufacturer in the world. This is the biggest foreign takeover by an Indian company. Tata and Corus are both happy with the merger and Tata steel is likely to reap many benefits from this deal. The Tata Corus merger has earned Indian steel giant the status of the fifth largest steel manufacturer of the world. Described as the biggest foreign takeover by an Indian firm by BBC, the deal was values at an estimated $11 billion. The two parties had agreed at a value of 455 pence per share of Corus. Earlier in 1999, Corus was formed by a merger of Hoogovens, a Dutch group and British Steel. Tata steel, on the other hand has been India's leading steel manufacturer. Corus had held discussion with Indian, Russian and Brazilian firms for this merger. The ultimate deal with Tata was described as "the right partner at the right time at the right price and on the right terms" by Jim Leng the chairman of Corus. For the Tata chairman Ratan Tata it was a "defining moment. As a part of the deal Tata also contributed to the Corus pension fund. The Tata Corus merger is expected to provide an estimated $400 million worth of savings to Tata Steel in three years time. The estimated savings till March 2008 is 130 million dollars. A prime reason for such high volumes of savings is the availability of cost saving technology through this acquisition. According to Mr. B. Muthuraman, managing director of Tata Steel, a breakthrough technology...
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...Carnegie's workers on average worked twelve hours a day and got paid a dollar and forty cents (Document H). Compared to other iron and steel workers, who worked on average ten hours and got paid a daily wage of one dollar and eighty cents (Document I). Carnegie's workers worked two more hours a day, but got paid forty cents less. Not only did Carnegie underpaid his workers but Carnegie often made his workers work overtime without pay. As a result of working such long hours accidents often occurred at Carnegie's mills. The working conditions in Carnegie's mills were so dangerous that twenty percent of deaths among men in Pittsburgh from 1880 to 1889 were steelwork related accidents. Carnegie often came across as uncaring when accidents would happen. For example, when a machine would explode he showed more concern for his loss of a machine and production instead of the man that had died. Or if a worker got injured on the job they would be fired because then they couldn't work as efficiently as before. Carnegie believed in “Survival of the fittest” (Document B), so in his opinion who ever was not able to meet the physical demands that the job required where no use to him. This caused...
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...plan is part of a push to be closer to customers in markets where demand is surging for Japanese products such as cars. The company’s challenge will be to cope with the high cost of setting up a plant at a time when China’s slowing economy is causing a glut, said Shinya Yamada, an analyst with Credit Suisse Securities Japan Ltd. “It’s no use to go ahead with the project when the industry is struggling with excess steel supply,” said Yamada, who has an outperform rating for JFE shares. “The risk is high.” JFE rose 0.9 percent to 1,310 yen in Tokyo, paring the stock’s decline this year to 6 percent. The key Nikkei 225 Stock Average has gained 13 percent since Jan. 1. Feasibility Study JFE is studying whether to build integrated steelworks in Vietnam with Taiwan’s E United Group, which secured a site in the Dung Quat Economic Zone of the nation’s Quang Ngai Province, the Japanese company said in March. JFE will examine the feasibility of starting operations in 2016 with a capacity of 3.5 million metric tons a year, mainly of steel sheets, it said in the March 27...
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... 1.0 Introduction There are several praenomen will affect on individual perform when they were in the work. And in this paper I will focus on leadership and motivation. Moreover, personal perform in the workplace will be affect on leadership and motivation which I will analyse in this assignment. As well as, I will evaluate the theory and make a discussion which will be linked to the Virgin Media. Additionally, I will choose some significant points to indicate how leadership and motivation work in Virgin Media. 2.0 Theories on leadership and motivation 2.1 leadership Taylor develops "scientific management " as he worked his way up from a labourer to a works manager in a US steelworks(Jim Riley 2012). And in his research, he made three key assumption about human behaviour at work. Firstly, man is rational economic animal concerned with maximising his economic gain. Secondly, people respond as individuals, not as groups. Thirdly, people can be treated in a standardize fashion, like machines. Additionally, in Taylor's approach shows the amount of money they will be paid i is equal their workload. In this case, the clearly weakness in his approach is he ignores the difference in people. The approach cannot suit all kinds of people. Besides, he indicated the money is only element which employee work for(Adro Lado 2004). This is also a mistake, it is not for every people. Sometimes, people work for experience or the job...
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...TRUE LIGHT MISSIONARY HIGH SCHOOL AWOYAYA-LEKKI, LAGOS TOPIC: A REPORT ON AN EXCURSION TO THE NIGERIA RAILWAY COOPORATION {NRC} {a trip from IDDO to IJOKO} COMPILED & PRESENTED BY: AJIBORISHA WAHAB OMOTOYOSI CLASS: SSS1 TO BE SUBMITTED TO TRUE LIGHT MISSIONARY SCHOOL Started on 2nd November 2012 Completed on 5th November 2012. CERTIFICATION I certify that this study was carried out by Ajiborisha Wahab Toyosi of SSS1 class of True Light Missionary School, Awoyaya-Lekki, Lagos under the supervision of Mr. Obinna for the 2012/2013 academic session. ______________ _____________ Mr. Obinna Date [II] DEDICATION This project is dedicated to my parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ajiborisha. May the Almighty God be with them and guide them through his power and guidance. Amen! [III] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of GOD, the Merciful, the Compassionate. I give praise to God the Lord of all Being, the Master of the Day of Doom for giving me the opportunity, wisdom, knowledge, strength and commitment to write this report and also for taken me up to this stage in my academic pursuits. In the process of completing this report I owe a debt of gratitude to many people, too numerous to mention. My immense gratitude goes to the proprietress of my school Dr. (Mrs.) Ladele for her spiritual and educational support and I’m proud to be counted among those that...
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...United States Labor Movement The Labor Movement in the United States of America started in the formative years of our nation. Its purpose being to organize workers to strive for better working conditions, reasonable pay and better treatment in the workplace. From it’s beginnings in the early to mid nineteenth century during the Industrial Revolution to the modern era of today, the labor movement has fought hard forming labor parties and labor laws to give the American worker the rights they deserve. One of the earliest and more influential of labor organizations came to be in 1860; The Knights of Labor. The Knights of Labor mission was to “inform, and support working families, and to organize them to better represent their rights” (The Knights of Labor, 2011, ¶1) By the end of the 1800s the Knights had become a national fixture and included all workers into the group such as lawyers, doctors, gamblers and bankers. The main focus of the Knights of Labor were to push for an eight-hour work day; to rid child labor from existence, to do away with convict contract labor as they opposed the source of cheap labor taking jobs away from workers who needed a job; and equal pay for all their workers. In the early goings, they were opposed to the use of strikes however that trend changed and work stoppages had become a very good tool to use. The Knights of Labor had reached its apex in 1886 with over 700,000 members however their...
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...after the construction work on the road deck of the bridge began. The prefabricated stiffening truss was hoisted into place by the Chicago boom and then deck sections were lifted to the completed deck sections. Traveling derricks were assembled followed by the deck. The top and bottom stiffening truss had outer members which were called “chords”. These were installed first, followed by the vertical and diagonal truss members. The stiffening truss which is perpendicular to the bridge length were then installed with intervals of 9.8m, the stiffening truss was then installed at the vertical beam. This floor formed the lateral upper stiffening of the deck. The installation of the eight I-beam which is 460mm deep then followed this was the last steelwork before the deck was raised 0.46m on each corner to be able to be attached with the suspender cables (Arioli, 2013). The stiffening truss was put first on each tower progressing outwards. On 28th may the installation of the closing chord was done on the main span. Final deck work and construction. Roebling’s son’s workers were involved in railings on the sidewalks, caulking and wrapping the suspender cable bands. The road deck had begun to take shape by 22nd August and painting also began that week. By 30th September the finishing touches were done on the toll plazas and the installation of plumbing and sheetrock. View of the Bridge Opening of the bridge The new Bridge was finally opened to toll-pain traffic on 14th October 1950. Thousands...
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