...Increasing Nursing Compliance with Safe Medication Preparation and Administration Marie Shelly Capstone Course Increasing Nursing Compliance with Safe Medication Preparation and Administration The importance of safe medication preparation and administration in healthcare settings is being increasingly recognized. There have been numerous publications describing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, viruses, and bacteria related to unsafe injection practices. The current field of nursing requires concerned parties to exercise a critical appraisal of research findings, and, establish a synthesis of contextual and empirical evidence that is relevant. However, practitioners have not established better alternatives regarding their practice. In addition, the essential evidence-based methods and critical skills in thinking are still lacking; yet they are ideal for the maximization of the cost-effectiveness and quality of health care (Camiletti, & Huffman, 1998). The Center for Disease Control reported that between 1998 and 2008 a total of 33 outbreaks of patient to patient transmission of HBV or HCV due to breaches of infection control by health care personal (http://www.cdc.gov/injectionsafety/CDCsRole.html1). More than 60,000 patients were at risk and 448 patients acquired with HBV or HCV. The disease transmission was primarily from lapses in aseptic technique, the reuse of syringes and contamination of medications that were multi-dose vials. In 2001(Luby, 2001) The World...
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...CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY The aim of this dissertation, being quite vast, required the use of several research methods. All started with exploratory studies in order to clarify the researcher’s understanding of environmental labels. This step described by Saunders et al (2009), whilst referencing Adams and Schvaneveldt (1991) arose with the literature review leading from a broad focus (green consumer, green companies, green marketing among others) to a progressively narrower one (specific literature and research on ecolabels). The researcher used techniques of critical reading in order to ensure that the authors’ purpose was recognized and that bias would be minimized (RKC: 2015) Because the object of research intended to understand the...
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...The Violence to Go Through A Label Popular music created by Taylor Swift, Maroon 5, and Jason Derulo has hit the radio, iPod’s and concerts for many years. Before an artist even dreams of hitting the radio, preparation has to occur and the preparation can take years. Some artists get noticed by record companies and unfortunately get lost in the depths of the record company if not successful. Some artists decide to not follow the record company and take major risks in independently create their own label. That is what the band Throbbing Gristle did. Throbbing Gristle was formed in the fall of 1975. The band consisted of Genesis P-Orridge who was the lead vocalist. Cosey Fanni Tutti was responsible for lead guitarist position. Peter “Sleazy”...
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...Data Preparation in SPSS Jamie DeCoster Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning University of Virginia 350 Old Ivy Way Charlottesville, VA 22903 August 15, 2012 If you wish to cite the contents of this document, the APA reference for them would be DeCoster, J. (2012). Data Preparation in SPSS. Retrieved from http://www.stat-help.com/notes.html All rights to this document are reserved Table of Contents Version History ............................................................................................................................... 4 Interactive Mode versus Syntax Mode ........................................................................................... 5 Why syntax is typically better..................................................................................................... 5 Getting syntax out of interactive mode commands..................................................................... 5 Best Practices for Data Preparation in SPSS .................................................................................. 7 Use syntax from start to finish .................................................................................................... 7 Maintain accurate codebooks for raw data sets .......................................................................... 7 Use summary data sets for analysis ............................................................................................ 7 Preserve the original...
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...GISELLE ANN T. MAZON BSA 4-2 Flowcharts: A graphical tool that diagrammatically depicts the steps and structure of an algorithm or program Process / Operation Symbols Symbol | Name (alias) | Description | | Process | Show a Process or action step. This is the most common symbol in both process flowcharts and process maps. | | Predefined Process (Subroutine) | A Predefined Process symbol is a marker for another process step or series of process flow steps that are formally defined elsewhere. This shape commonly depicts sub-processes (or subroutines in programming flowcharts). If the sub-process is considered "known" but not actually defined in a process procedure, work instruction, or some other process flowchart or documentation, then it is best not to use this symbol since it implies a formally defined process. | | Alternate Process | As the shape name suggests, this flowchart symbol is used when the process flow step is an alternate to the normal process step. Flow lines into an alternate process flow step are typically dashed. | | Delay | The Delay flowchart symbol depicts any waiting period that is part of a process. Delay shapes are common in process mapping. | | Preparation | As the names states, any process step that is a Preparation process flow step, such as a set-up operation. | | Manual Operation | Manual Operations flowchart shapes show which process steps are not automated. In data processing flowcharts, this data flow shape indicates a looping...
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... allow the reaction, and allow flow the excess fluids, label, and reactants to the wick without binding. The material of choice for lateral flow assay is Nitrocellulose membrane as it has certain characteristics that make it useful, these characteristics includes relatively low cost, true capillary flow characteristics, high protein-binding capacity, relative ease of handling (with direct cast, or backed membranes), and a variety of available products with varying wicking rates and surfactant contents. Pore sizes of the membrane used in lateral flow immunoassays range from a nominal 8 to 15 microns, although pore size is a non-exact descriptor in the case of nitrocellulose membranes. Several attempts made to introduce other material types into the market, including nylon and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. However, those attempts have had limited success. B) The Conjugate Pad The conjugate provides space for conjugate over its entire shelf life and when the sample is exposed to conjugate pad it allows the analyte to react with conjugate and release it efficiently and consistently the complex to the nitrocellulose membrane. The materials generally used as conjugate pads are glass fibers, polyesters, or rayons. The conjugate pads need to be pretreated as most of the materials are hydrophobic in nature and must be treated to make them hydrophilic. The addition of conjugates to the treated pad is a critical step for the final performance of the test. Two methods are...
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...Acis CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies have been done on these compounds, and their reactions are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an acid and base are combined, resulting in the formation of water (in aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt containing the conjugate base anion in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is added. In this experiment you will prepare a buffer solution and observe its behavior when mixed both with an acid and a base. You will also compare the behavior with that of solutions containing only the acid. Theory In his theory of ionization in the 1880’s, Svante Arrhenius defined acids are substances which form H+ and bases as substances which form OH- in water. He further defined a salt as a substance other than an acid or base which forms ions in aqueous solution. Such substances are thus capable of producing an electric current and are called electrolytes. The amount of electricity produced is directly proportional to the concentration of ions in solution. With regard to electrolytes we have learned previously that strong acids and strong bases ionize completely, and are therefore strong electrolytes because they...
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...Research methods tutorials -MSc Management (Gen) Tutorial 1 This tutorial has been adapted from John Biggam (2011) Succeeding with your Master’s Dissertation: A step-by-step handbook, 2nd Edition, Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill OUP. The aim of this session is to learn how to formulate your research aim and objectives which you will explicitly address in your research proposal. Research aim Example 1: e-learning Supposing you want to choose e-learning as the subject of your dissertation, however, you cannot do a dissertation on the general subject of e-learning – your proposal must be focused on its specific aspect. One way of narrowing your topic down is by investigating ‘how academic staff are prepared to cope with e-learning in the university environment’. Even when you have focused on one particular aspect, you cannot just pluck your research focus out of thin air. You need to do some background reading to answer the questions: Why do you want to study this area? What evidence is there that it is an area worthy of study? For example – there could be conflicting reports on the progress of e-learning in the universities. So if you decide to focus on an investigation of how academic staff are being prepared to cope with the challenge of e-learning in the university environment, you need to identify your overall research aim and the specific objectives that you are required to meet...
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...Chapter 9 Strategic Organization – Organizing speech to achieve particular result with particular audience Main Points – Major points developed in body of speech; most speeches have 2-5 Chronological order – Main points follow time pattern Spatial order – Main points follow directional pattern Causal order – Main points show cause-effect relationship Problem-Solution order – First main point (The problem); second main point (The solution) Topical order – Main points divide topic into logical, consistent subtopics Tips for main points – Keep points separate; try for same pattern of wording; balance time devoted to each Supporting materials – Materials used to support speaker’s ideas Connective – Word or phrase connecting ideas Types of connectives – Transition; internal preview; internal summary; signpost Transition – Indicates speaker has finished one thought & is moving to another Internal preview – Statement in body indicating what speaker will discuss next Internal summary – Statement in body summarizing preceding points Signposts – Brief statement showing where speaker is or focusing attention on key ideas Chapter 10 Introduction – Gain attention/interest; reveal topic; establish credibility/goodwill; preview body Gaining attention – Relate topic to audience; state importance of topic; startle audience; arouse curiosity; question audience; begin with quotation; tell story Credibility – Perception of speaker’s qualifications Goodwill – Perception...
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...ULTRAVIOLET/VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY PURDUE UNIVERSITY INSTRUMENT VAN PROJECT ANALYSIS OF PLANT PIGMENTS USING PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND VISIBLE AND/OR UV SPECTROSCOPY (1-31-96) INTRODUCTION We have seen that all cells must constantly consume fuel molecules to maintain themselves, grow, and reproduce. Fuel molecules such as glucose constitute an immediate source of energy for biological work that can be released by catabolic cell processes. However it is necessary that life on earth have a constant source of energy that can be harvested and used to generate complex fuel molecules from simple starting materials. The ultimate energy source upon which all life forms depend is visible light from the sun. Light energy must first be transformed into chemical(bond) energy before it can be utilized by the living cell. This transformation is achieved only in the cells of green plants and certain bacteria. In green plants it is coupled with a transformation of matter in which relatively low-energy compounds, carbon dioxide and water, are converted into high energy chemical molecules that become subunits of carbohydrates. There are four different pigment groups present in leaves of photosynthesizing plants. Studies indicate that only the chlorophyll IS involved in the actual absorption of light energy and later conversion to chemical energy of living cells. The other pigments also absorb light energy, but it is transferred to the chlorophyll for conversion to chemical energy. Biochemists have...
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...Motility Testing Cynthia Alonzo, M.S. Version 09-2.01 Read the entire experiment and organize time, materials, and work space before beginning. Remember to review the safety sections and wear goggles when working with chemicals. Objectives: To learn flagellar structure and arrangements common in microbes, and To use direct observation and testing to determine if a given microbe is motile. Materials From: Label or Box/Bag: Qty Item Description: Student Provides 1 Microscope 1 Paper Clip 1 10%-bleach Solution 1 Paper towels From LabPaq 1 Gloves packages - 11 pairs 1 Immersion Oil 1 Slide - Cover Glass - Cover Slip Cube (4) Culture Media Bag #2 - Refrigerate upon Receipt Culture Media Bag #2 - Refrigerate upon Receipt 2 Agar, 0.4% Motility Test Agar - 8 mL in Glass Tube Inoculation Instruments Inoculation Instruments 1 Inoculation Loop, Plastic Mask Bag Mask Bag 1 Mask with Earloops (11) in Bag 5" x 8" Slide Box MBK Slide Box MBK 1 Slide-Box-MBK with Blank-Slides (4) Pre-Lab Preparation: Place saved cultures of E. coli and S. epidermidis (from previous lab) in incubator 12-24 hours prior to the start of the experiment. Discussion and Review: Many bacteria are capable of motility, the ability to move under their own power. Most motile bacteria propel themselves by special organelles termed flagella. The bacterial flagellum is a noncontractile, semi-rigid, helical tube composed of protein and anchors to the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane...
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...INX COLOUR BOOK PROJECT Eslsca 10 May 2015 Group (4) Shereif Gawish; Khaled Mousa; Mostafa Gamal; Marwa Said; Nevein Mahmoud; Basem Abdalla; Sherif Saad; Gamal Abd Elatif; Colour Book Project: 2 What is color book ? It is a book containing all colors made by INX applied on aluminum substrate sorted according to color categories 3 1. Introduction: Ali ElKattan 1.1. Project Description and Vision 4 Rexam is a beverage can making company where it stands as the 2nd biggest company in the industry of can making in the whole world. INX company is a pioneer company in the ink industry where it’s the main supplier for inks for Rexam & other companies. The company Vision is to grow through strategic partnerships, organic growth, and product innovation and to keep its aggressive market share. The project idea is to have and create a “Colour Book or Catalogue” where it is a book containing all colours applied on aluminium substrate sorted according to colour categories. Why ?? 5 The Project idea came because of the high spoilage of Ink & Cans & the long time for customer approval cycle was an important action point to Rexam & INX where the process almost took from 20 to 30 days where at this cycle processes INX & Rexam kept back & fourth with the customer for the colour satisfaction on the can colour. In addition to every time the customer refuses a sample almost 15,000 cans where...
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...can expose you to a wide variety of organizations and managerial situations. This approach vicariously broadens your experience base and provides insights into many types of situations, tasks, and responsibilities. Finally, experience in analyzing cases definitely enhances your problem-solving skills. Furthermore, when your instructor requires oral and written presentations, your communication skills will be honed through use of the case method. Of course, these added skills depend on your preparation as well as your instructor's facilitation of learning. However, the primary responsibility for learning is yours. The quality of case discussion is generally acknowledged to require, at a minimum, a thorough mastery of case facts and some independent analysis of them. The case method therefore first requires that you read and think carefully about each case. Additional comments about the preparation you should complete to successfully discuss a case appear in the next section. Student Preparation for Case Discussion If you are inexperienced with the case method, you may need to alter your study habits. A lecture-oriented course may not...
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...condition caused by the enterotoxins that some strains of Staphylococcus Aureus produce (BBB Staphylococcus Aureus, 2012). Foods related with staphylococcus food poisoning include poultry and eggs; meat and meat products; salads such as tuna, chicken, or egg; baked goods such as cream-filled pies; milk and dairy products. Mishandled food during preparation and kept in a considerably high temperature known as the temperature danger zone 41 degrees to 141 degrees are involved in staphylococcal food poisoning. Also staphylococcal can be spread by hand contact, coughing, and sneezing. Food handlers are the number one cause of food poisoning outbreaks unclean food surfaces can also cause staphylococcus aureus. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration 1,364 children became ill who ate lunch that was served to 16 elementary schools in Texas. The food was prepared in an outside kitchen and delivered to the schools. The epidemiological studies revealed that the children who became ill ate chicken salad. The chicken was prepared by the kitchen; after boiling the chicken it was cooled at room temperature using fans. After preparation of the chicken salad it was kept refrigerated overnight between 42 degrees and 45 degrees, placed in thermal containers and delivered to the schools and was kept at room temperature until served. Contamination occurred during the cooling process, the chicken was not cooled quickly and the growth of staphylococcus occurred during the time...
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...I. Company Overview The Professional Golfers Association of America or most commonly known as the PGA, was founded in 1916, and provides the networking opportunity necessary to connect with the nation's 25 million amateur golfers and with the PGA's 23,000 members. The PGA of America is the largest working sports organization in the world as it currently has more than 28,000 dedicated men and women who work hard everyday to promote the game of golf to everyone, everywhere. The organization stands by its motto of being experts in the game and business of golf. The PGA is made up of 41 different sections that are identified by their geographical location in the United States.(as shown on map below) [pic] Each section organizes and conducts regional qualifying tournaments for amateur events such as the PGA Team Championship and the Junior PGA Championship, as well as sponsor junior clinics. PGA sections also organize and conduct educational programs, workshops and seminars for local PGA members and apprentices who are PGA members in the process of obtaining their PGA card. The section offices work with the PGA headquarters office in Palm Beach, FL to provide experts to participate in these programs as well as assisting PGA members in full-filling the PGA mission statement. The New England Professional Golfers' Association (New England PGA) is the section office that governs all golf and golf tournaments in most of the New England area. It is a non-profit association who...
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