...Stereotype threat affects many people in many different ways. Social Psychology defines Stereotype threat “is a disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. Unlike self-fulfilling prophecies that hammer one’s self –concept, stereotype threat situations have immediate effects ” The effects of stereotype threat are advanced because of the self-fulfilling prophecies that many different races, sexes or even religions fall into the effects of. Stereotype threat plays amongst different groups, and the effects that may cause a different reaction otherwise if not being associated with that group, self -fulfilling prophecies can be the consequence. In some situations Stereotype threat can be a subconscious thought, but for some situations or people if they believe a stereotype and circum to it simply without even trying, that is the self -fulfilling prophecy that is placed on oneself. Stereotype threat can be implanted in us by certain words and attitudes that are associated with certain groups of people. It has been studied more over the years of the different ways that stereotype threat plays a role in certain groups and the consequences that it has. Research was originally centered on race and how it has caused underachievement among African Americans. In recent research it has been broadened to show this threat in many different areas that can affect almost all people in some way. Options that can be used to minimize...
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...Abstract This paper explores a social psychology study that reports on results from research conducted on negative stereotypes and the effects it has on certain types of people. The study focuses on the phenomenon social psychologist call the “stereotype threat” or the concern of being at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group (Stone et al., 1999). Similar studies have shown that when people are confronted with negative stereotypes about their social identity they tend to perform poorly on a task. On the other hand people tend to do well on tasks when the threat to their social identity is not present. This paper examines Stone’s, Sjomeling’s, Lynch’s and Darley’s experiment focused on whether traditionally non-stigmatized groups such as white college students would also experience distress when their social identity is threatened. Stereotype Threat The anxiety or concern of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s social group in any situation is referred to as the stereotype threat by social psychologist. Ever since it was first introduce by psychologist Claude Steele, the stereotype threat has become one of the most researched topics in the field of psychology, academics, and recently in athletics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the study: “Stereotype Threat Effects on Black and White Athletic Performance,” conducted by Jeff Stone, Mike Sjomeling, Christian Lynch, and John Darley....
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...In Steele’s In the Air Between Us, he argues that stereotype threats make students underperform, no matter who they are. However, it is the students who take their schooling seriously who are the most affected. Also, the stereotype threat is not only towards minorities. These studies should lead us to reevaluate how we test our students to ensure they are not underperforming because of preconceived beliefs that they are not good enough. These studies also have implications for why the country’s most underperforming students do not have high test scores. This issue of stereotype threat is something that needs more attention to be brought to it. When students, even some of the best ones, are underperforming simply because society has taught them...
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...narrowing the achievement gap. From 2001 – 2007 the Century Foundation tracked two sets of low-income students in Montgomery County Maryland: one group was assigned to higher-income schools and the other was not. Although the lower income students received more funding, the students assigned to the higher-income students were able to cut the achievement gap by almost a third in reading and half in math. The researcher of the study, Heather Schwartz, cited environmental reasons such as a stable set of teachers, less disruptions in the classroom, and more engaged students as reasons for the breakthrough. Although there are many extrinsic factors that are beyond the role of the teachers, they play an integral role in the achievement gap. Stereotypes held by teachers can contribute to the success or failure of students. Psychologists Claude Steele, PhD, Joshua Aronson, PhD, and Steven Spencer, PhD, studied the role of stereotyping in testing. They found that even passing...
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...How Stereotypes Affect Us In this video Claude Steele tells about his research on stereotype threat and the way it affects us. Each of us has social identities such as gender, age, race, sexuality etc. Stereotype threat is an experience of being in situation or doing something for which a negative stereotype about one of your identities is relevant. African American can be seen as a violent person in a neighborhood with predominantly white people or white student can be perceived as a racist in class that is predominantly nonwhite, that are some of examples of stereotype threat. Dealing with things, because of particular identity in particular place that what makes the identity real. We often have fear to be judged in terms of negative stereotype. That can make us sad and confused, but also it can affect our behavior and performance! One of experiments was related to stereotype that women are not as good in math as men. Both women and men were taking math exam sitting in one room. Women showed worse results than men. That happened, because women were worried about this stereotype (often unconsciously), so they have to put double efforts to perform under this pressure. But when before test participants were told that in this particular test everyone (men and women) do equally all the time, women get same good results as men! Same situation was with IQ test for white and black participants. Black got lower results when were told that this is a test to measure intelligence...
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...teacher has against the student, the attitude that the teacher will show the student would lead the student to failure. This is self-fulfilling prophecy. Self-fulfilling prophecy that the individual, who has been labelled, adapts their attitude and follows the attitude of the label. When a positive label is associated to an individual such as ‘she is an overachiever’ this is known as the Halo effect. Stereotyping is another form of inequality within society. Stereotyping and labelling are quite similar, however stereotyping is generally against a group of people and is usually untrue. Stereotyping in society usually comes from sources which are myths and are only in place as that is what people want society to believe. For example a stereotype that is quite regularly portrayed within the media is that “All gay men are feminine.” For example on Modern Family with...
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...separate more often than not have similar IQ scores. However, they will still typically match closer to their adoptive parents than birth parents for the environmental influences. However, environmental influences tend to be less important over time. Heredity tends to be more of a factor for the development of intelligence than the environment. A stereotype threat is an idea that our behavior worsens when we are reminded of a negative stereotype about us. Because of stereotype threat, students are reminded of a negative stereotype and are often more likely to perform worse, especially if that stereotype is one that makes them feel inferior. You have the choice to ignore the stereotypes and prove those people and their stereotypes were wrong. However too often people allow the stereotype to get to their heads. They allow other people to let them play worse than they would have without the negative stereotypes floating around. Annie Duke was involved in a male dominant sport. She would sit down at the poker table with all other men, and take all the wrong things the men would say to her or about her. If anyone was was subject to stereotype threat it was her. In the podcast, she describes...
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...Dangerous Stereotypes for Women To understand stereotype, you should define what it is. As Cambridge Dictionaries says, stereotype is a fixed idea that people have about what someone or something is like. No one chooses to be stereotyped or categorized under a specific title, and no one wants to be the victim of an unfair judgment. Despite those opinions, people make judgments on people they barely know. Stereotypes usually lead to incorrect predictions about a person or group. The use of stereotypes to judge another human being can cause serious harm to others. According to traditional stereotypes, men are strong and dominant. Whereas females are weak and submissive. Gender stereotypes disadvantage and discriminate against women in many places. Thus, this paper focuses on three negative stereotypes about women in the workplace, at school, and in society that could cause serious harm to them. Negative gender stereotype, especially being dependent or no self-confidence, impact women in the workplaces. According to the article ‘Media Portrayal of Women and Social Change’, “women are often stereotypically portrayed as playing lesser beings, dependent roles or sexual objects.” This means it is more appropriate for women to stay at home doing housework and caring for children than getting a job. When women are offered employment jobs, they are not given good jobs because men believe that they could not handle traditionally masculine work. Men think that women are not...
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...false, but because the person or group of people believe that this result is going to occur, it eventually does occur because of their actions and behaviors. This concept can also be applied to social groups, for example; if a person is about to realize a negative stereotype for their social group they will strive to avoid it, but in thinking about this stereotype for so long and stressing over it so intensely, their social group actually forms that stereotype. I actually witness this concept at my workplace a lot. Sometimes we will have people transfer stores and this means a lot of people work with each other from different restaurants and sometimes a guy or gal will transfer to my store and a fellow employee will tell me, “Hey, this guy is a real jerk.” or, “This girl is real shy.” They plant this notion in my mind and now, without even realizing it, I am behaving differently than when I would normally behave around someone when I first meet them. I'm not talking as much to the girl, for instance, because I assume she's shy, which makes her appear shy because I'm not speaking to her that much. I'm acting stand-offish to the guy because I'm told he's a sketchy dude, which makes it seem like he is. These are stereotypes that were planted in my mind and thus...
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...Perception plays an important part in determining whether or not an applicant will get a job offer following an employment interview.The perceptual error that is affecting recruiters’ perceptions in this case is the halo perceptual error. The halo effect influences the interviewer’s perceptions of the applicant based the applicant’s answers to questions. The recruiter then develops a corresponding overall positive or negative impression of the applicant. According to Rosenweig (2007), applicants answers can and have been judged as either intelligent or unintelligent based simply on the name of the university they attended and how well known it is. Of course name recognition is not the only instance in which the halo effect can determine employment selection. Looks or attractiveness tend to lead to the halo effect in hiring too. Attractive candidates are perceived as having more favorable and agreeable qualities, they are trusted more and the expectations of them are higher. The unfortunate thing is that these halo errors can and have caused the right candidate to be overlooked while the wrong candidate is chosen due to nothing more than another person’s skewed perception. While there is actually nothing in the case study that deals directly with stereotyping in a technical sense, there is still conscious and unconscious stereotyping that occurs during the interview and job selection process. In an article by Elizabeth Umphress (2008), if selection decisions are made by someone...
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...DO STEREOTYPES EVER CHANGE? Many theorists have suggested that stereotyping will be stable as long as the nature of relationship that exists between our group and the stereotyped group is stable (Eagly 1987, Oakes et al., 1994; Tajfel,1981). That is because we construct stereotypes that reflect how we see members of different groups actually behaving, stereotype change should only occur when the relations between the groups change. In addition we generally hold stereotypes that are favorable to our own group in comparison to another group. Unless social conditions shift so that we no longer see in-group favoritism as acceptable, unfavorable stereotypes of groups we are not members of, can be expected to persist. (Spears, Jetten , & Doosje,...
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...The American people associate labels to identify a race. Labels contains stereotypes and or expectation of how a character is supposed to portray. In the articles, "Just Walk On By", "The "Black Table" Is Still There", and video, "Why are Muslims So.." The culture of Muslims and African American have developed a stereotype in America's culture; based on past actions in history causing labels to be created, the label was passed down to children based on how the guardians respond to different scenarios. The stereotypes that are developed in the American culture for the Muslim religion and African American race is that Muslims and colored people are dangerous and or threat to the United States. A slam poem called, "Why Are Muslims So..", spoken...
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...Stele initiates the idea of stereotype threat, which is the idea that as members of society we have a pretty good idea of what other members of our society think about lots of things, including the major groups and identities in societies. (540) On a daily basis our surrounding environment affects stereotype on both ends: the believer of the stereotype, and the affected by it. Take a moment to think of all the working women in your life. Out of all the women involved, can you think of one, maybe two who are in executive positions in their current jobs? What holds this minority back from managerial positions? Assimilating leadership can be challenging when you must establish in an environment that continuously debates when and how it is for...
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...Running head: REVIEW OF “THE DATA ON DIVERSITY” A REVIEW OF “THE DATA OF DIVERSITY” David J Sample EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY, FSE 320 11/7/14 Abstract A review of Beryl Nelson’s article “The Data of Diversity”. This article examines the points Nelson made on the benefits of diversity and some of its challenges and critiques the quality of her data and relevance of the article. Review of the “Data of Diversity” This paper is intended to review Beryl Nelson’s article “The Data of Diversity” which was recently published in the academic journal, Communications for the Association of Computing Machinery. (2014) Nelson has spent the last 6 years working for one of the most diverse companies in the world: Google. During this time, Nelson has gained real world experience in working in diverse teams as well as analyzing experience as the Manager of Engineering Productivity, a job which looks for how to make Google teams work more efficiently. Her interest in diversity and the workplace has led to publishing the article of interest based on analyzing the factors involved in the data of diversity. “The Data of Diversity” focuses on examining the concrete evidence pointing towards the benefits of diversity and the challenges faced by diversity. This review will also examine the conclusions made by Nelson and the conclusions made by this paper with regard to the relevance and quality of The Data of Diversity. Benefits of Diversity Nelson starts her article by examining...
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...According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, the definition of stereotype is “to believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same.” Stereotypes are always around in literature. It adds to the conflict to the story, to make it more entertaining. In any story there will always be a stereotype involved. This holds true for To Kill a Mockingbird. Every element is affected by stereotypes. Every character and situation has a stereotype in the novel. The characters of To Kill a Mockingbird each have a stereotype about them that affects their lives and the stereotypes of the story is one of the main themes. Scout, Jean Louise Finch, is Atticus’s daughter, who is a tomboy. She is often told to be a young lady....
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