...MARKET INDICES IN INDIA INTRODUCTION A stock market index is created by selecting a group of stocks that are capable of representing the whole market or a specified sector or segment of the market. The change in the price s of this basket of securities is measured with reference to a base period. There is usually provision for giving proper weights to different stocks on the basis of their importance to the economy. A stock market index acts as the indicator of the performance of the overall economy or a sector of the economy. An Index is used to give information about the price movements of products in the financial, commodities or any other markets. Financial indexes are constructed to measure price movements of stocks, bonds, T-bills and other forms of investments. Stock market indexes are meant to capture the overall behaviour of equity markets. Stock market indexes are useful for a variety of reasons. Some of them are: • They provide a historical comparison of returns on money invested in the stock market against other forms of investments such as gold or debt. • They can be used as a standard against which to compare the performance of an equity fund. • It is a lead indicator of the performance of the overall economy or a sector of the economy • Stock indexes reflect highly up to date information • Modern financial applications such as Index Funds, Index Futures, Index Options play an important role in financial investments and risk management Further...
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...Index Index is a statistical method of measuring change in an economy or security market as whole or in parts over time. Each index has its own calculation methodology and is usually expressed in terms of a change from a base value. Thus, the percentage change is more important than the actual numeric value. Classification of Index ✔ Equity indices • • • • • Broad market index Multi-market index Mult-market index with fundamental weighting Sector index Style index ✔ Fixed income indices ✔ Indices for alternative investment • • • Commodity indexes Real estate indexes Hedge fund indexes Index Weighting Methods ✔ Price Weighted Index: A stock index in which each stock influences the index in proportion to its price per share. The value of the index is generated by adding the prices of each of the stocks in the index and dividing them by the total number of stocks. Stocks with a higher price will be given more weight and, therefore, will have a greater influence over the performance of the index. ✔ Capitalization Weighted Index: A type of market index whose individual components are weighted according to their market capitalization, so that larger components carry a larger percentage weighting. The value of a capitalization-weighted index can be computed by adding up the collective market capitalization of its members and dividing it by the number of securities in the index. ✔ Float-adjusted Market Capitalization Weighted Index: Its like market capitalization weighted index. The...
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...Dow Jones Industrial AverageTM Stated Objective To represent large and well-known U.S. companies. Covers all industries with the exception of Transportation and Utilities. Key Features — The index is maintained by the Averages Committee. — Components are added and deleted on an as-needed basis. For the sake of continuity, such changes are rare, and typically occur following corporate acquisitions or other significant changes in a component company's core business. When one component is replaced, all of them are reviewed. — While stock selection is not governed by quantitative rules, a stock typically is added only if the company has an excellent reputation, demonstrates sustained growth and is of interest to a large number of investors. Maintaining adequate sector representation within the index is also a consideration in the selection process. — The index is price weighted. — The Dow Jones Industrial AverageTM was first calculated on May 26, 1896. Descriptive Statistics Market Capitalization (Billions) ComponentCurrency Number | Float-Full Adjusted Mean Median Largest Smallest | USD 30 | 5,016.6 4,769.7 159.0 137.8 412.4 34.2 | Data calculated as of end of October, 2014. Mean, median, largest component and smallest component values are based on float-adjusted market capitalization. Performance ...
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...Wang need to find the appropriate Chinese stock market index? For what other purposes do you think one may need to use the stock market index? Michael Wong needs to use the appropriate Chinese market index to evaluate the performance of his portfolio. And also he can use the index to understand the direction of the overall market and stay abreast of trends in the different segments. Moreover, Michael Wang can use the stock market index to hedge against his portfolio to minimize risk of investments or to develop derivative products such as index futures and index options. 2. What are the five major Chinese stock market indexes mentioned in the case? Briefly summarize how each index is constructed. The five major Chinese stock market indexes: SSE Composite Index, CSI 300 Index, S&P/CITIC 300 Index, FTSE Xinhua (A) 600 Index, MSCI China A Index. * SSE Composite – Simply includes all listed stocks (A shares and B shares) at Shanghai Stock Exchange. Composite indices are weighted by total number of shares and the base period is the total market capitalization of all stocks of that day. (Base date: Dec. 19, 1990 / Base value: 100) * CSI300 Index – Includes A shares listed at the two exchanges (Shanghai and Shenzhen) in China. Weighted by float-adjusted shares. Stocks that rank top 300 are selected as index constituents considering size and liquidity. (Base date: Dec. 31, 2004 / Base value: 1,000) * S&P/CITIC 300 Index – Includes A shares listed at the two exchanges...
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...CHAPTER 5. EMPIRICAL RESULTS, FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 1. Over all graphical analysis For any index the best way to gauge its long term movement is to plot its movement over a period of time. So here to start with the analysis part , first the overall movement of the daily “close” data for S&P CNX NIFTY FIFTY is examined for the period starting from 2nd May 2002 till 3rd Feb 2012. There are in total 2347 observations and the econometric package EViews 7 has been used to track the movement. The plot is shown in Fig No 5.1. [pic] Fig No 5.1. Daily movement of Nifty Fifty “close” during 02/05/2002 – 03/02/2012 From the graph it is clear that Nifty has shown an upward trend over the period of time. While the upward trend is pretty evident from 2002 to 2007 however since 2007 Nifty movement has been somewhat unstable due to frequent market fluctuation and thus the market seems to be more volatile during this period. In terms of volatility another aspect is visible from the graph that is an upward trend is being followed by further upward trend while a downward trend is being followed by further downward trend and this feature is known as “volatility clustering” and this volatility clustering seems to be present in the index. More about the volatility and the movement of the index will be explored in the further subsections where the task of comparing Nifty movement at times is being taken. 2. Over all statistics The performance of Nifty over the years is tabulated...
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...number of international stock market indexes is . quite large. For many of us, the level of the Dow or . the S&P 500 is known. How about the Nikkei 225? Or . the FTSE 100? Do you know what countries these . represent? ------------------------------------------------- Types of indices Stock market indices may be classed in many ways. A 'world' or 'global' stock market index includes (typically large) companies without regard for where they are domiciled or traded. Two examples are and S&P Global 100. A 'national' index represents the performance of the stock market of a given nation—and by proxy, reflects investor sentiment on the state of its economy. The most regularly quoted market indices are national indices composed of the stocks of large companies listed on a nation's largest stock exchanges, such as the American S&P 500, the Japanese Nikkei 225, and the British FTSE 100. Other indices may be regional, such as the FTSE Developed Europe Index or the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific Index. The concept may be extended well beyond an exchange. The Wilshire 5000 Index, the original total market index, represents the stocks of nearly every publicly traded company in the United States, including all U.S. stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange (but not ADRs or limited partnerships), NASDAQ and American Stock Exchange. Russell Investment Group added to the family of indices by launching the Russel Global Index. More specialized indices...
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...A Study of Monetary Policy Impact on Stock Market Returns (With Special Reference to Nifty and Bank Nifty) A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by Chintan Divetia (1011416026) Submitted to Mr. Raviraj Gohil Assistant Professor Department of Finance In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT in Finance Shanti Business School, Shela, Ahmedabad. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It was a great opportunity for me to work with Sharekhan Ltd., pioneers in the field of Stock Market. I am extremely grateful to all those who have shared their expertise and knowledge with me and without whom the completion of this project would have been virtually impossible. Firstly, I would like to thank my Company Mentor Mrs. Raina Vashi who has been a constant source of inspiration for me during the completion of this project. I would also like to thank Mr. Henal Bardoliwala, Relationship Manager of Sharekhan Ltd., for supporting me to complete my project. I am thankful to all staff of Sharekhan Ltd for their valuable support and cooperation during the entire tenure of this project. I thank my faculty guide Mr. Raviraj Gohil who helped me out at every critical situation that i faced in my project and gave us his valuable advice to solve problems. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I feel great pleasure by presenting this project. As a student of PGDM of ‘Shanti Business School Ahmedabad’, there is a subject of partial training followed...
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...Rate and Exchange Rate on Volatility of Market Index at Dhaka Stock Exchange DEWAN MUKTADIR-AL-MUKIT * ABSTRACT The paper investigates the effects of the exchange rates and interest rates on stock market performance by using monthly time series data for the economy of Bangladesh, over the period of 1997 to 2010. This study uses econometric techniques of measuring the long and short term relationship between variables using the concept of Cointegration and Error Correction Model and analysis of Variance Decomposition. Causal relationships have been investigated using Granger causality test. By employing Cointegration technique it is observed that in the long run, a one percent increase in exchange rate and in interest rate contributes1.04% increase and 1.71 % decrease in market index respectively. The estimated error correction coefficient indicates that 7.8 percent deviation of stock returns are corrected in the short run. Finally, Granger causality analysis suggests the existence of a unidirectional causality from market index to exchange rate and from interest rate to market index. Keywords: Cointegration, Granger Causality. Exchange rate, Interest rate, DGEN index 1. INTRODUCTION A well functioning financial system boosts economic growth through proper and efficient allocation of resources. As a part of financial system, the importance and role of stock market towards achieving economic growth is crucial. The functioning of stock market depends on investors’ buying and selling...
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...Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its Implications for Financial Institutions Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Master of Business Administration By KARTIK CHANDRA CHATURVEDI Batch (2013-2015) University Roll No: S133F0010 December 2014 Under the guidance of NIDHI KAICKER SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, PUBLIC POLICY AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY DELH PAGE 1 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that I have successfully completed the project titled Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its Implications for Financial Institutions submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration at the School of Business, Public Policy and Social Entrepreneurship, Ambedkar University Delhi. It is further certified that the submitted report is based on original research work carried out by me. The material obtained from secondary sources is duly acknowledged. [Student Signature] KARTIK ……………………………………………………………………………..CHANDRA ……………………………………………………………………………..CHATURVEDI Roll No S133F0010 Batch: 2013-15 [Dean Signature] Dean SBPPSE [Faculty Signature] Faculty Advisor PAGE 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals in the organization and School of Business, Public Policy and Social Entrepreneurship, Ambedkar University, Delhi. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly...
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...RESEARCH includes research articles that focus on the analysis and resolution of managerial and academic issues based on analytical and empirical or case research Interaction Between Forex and Stock Markets in India: An Entropy Approach Y V Reddy and A Sebastin Executive Summary Interactions between the foreign exchange market and the stock market of a country are considered to be an important internal force of the markets in a financially liberalized environment. If causal relationship from a market to the other is not detected, then informational efficiency exists in the other whereas existence of causality implies that hedging of exposure to one market by taking position in the other market will be effective. The temporal relationship between the forex market and the stock market of developing and developed countries has been studied, especially after the East Asian financial crisis of 1997–98, using various methods like cross-correlation, cross-spectrum, and error correction model, but these methods identify only linear relations. A statistically rigorous approach to the detection of interdependence, including non-linear dynamic relationships, between time series is provided by tools defined using the information theoretic concept of entropy. Entropy is the amount of disorder in the system and also is the amount of information needed to predict the next measurement with a certain precision. The mutual information between two random variables X and Y with a joint...
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...to trend-following strategies that provide an inefficient risk-return trade-off. Also, while capitalization-weighting is the standard in equity index construction, different weighting schemes exist. First, while most indices use capitalization-weighting, additional criteria are often taken into account, such as sales/revenue and net income (see the “Guide to the Dow Jones Global Titan 50 Index”, January 2006). Second, as an answer to the critiques of capitalization-weighting, equity indices with different weighting schemes have emerged, such as "wealth"-weighted (Morris, 1996), “fundamental”-weighted (Arnott, Hsu and Moore 2005), “diversity”-weighted (Fernholz, Garvy, and Hannon 1998) or equal-weighted indices. [edit] Indices and passive investment management There has been an accelerating trend in recent decades to create passively managed mutual funds that are based on market indices, known as index funds. Advocates claim that index funds routinely beat a large majority of actively managed mutual funds; one study[citation needed] claimed that over time, the average actively managed fund has returned 1.8% less than the S&P 500 index - a result nearly equal to the average expense ratio of mutual funds (fund expenses are a drag on the funds' return by exactly that ratio). Since index funds attempt to replicate the holdings of an index, they obviate the need for — and thus many costs of — the research entailed in active management, and have a lower churn rate (the turnover of securities...
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...12 March 2012 The US Dollar and Japanese Yen rose as stocks fell amid global economic slowdown fears in Asia. Stock index futures hint more of the same is likely ahead. Talking Points * US Dollar, Yen Rise on Haven Demand as Stocks Fall in Asian Trade * Chinese Exports Disappointment Tipped as Catalyst for Sentiment Slump * European, US Stock Index Futures Point to More Risk Aversion Ahead The US Dollar and Japanese Yen outperformed overnight as stocks declined, stocking demand for the go-to safe haven currencies. The MSCI Asia Pacific regional benchmark index fell 0.3 percent, with the newswires chalking up the selloff to Chinese trade data released over the weekend. The East Asian giant reported that exports grew at an annual rate of 18.4 percent, disappointing economists’ expectations of a 31.1 percent increase. Given that China is the world’s largest exporter, the outcome was interpreted to reflect slowing global demand. We are skeptical of assigning too much significance to the Chinese trade data set however. Although certainly not a positive outcome, it didn’t represent anything particularly new. Indeed, the year-on-year exports growth rate has been trending lower since May 2010. Rather, we suspect the flare-up of risk aversion reflects the gradual return of big-picture fundamentals as the driving force for price action, with the Chinese data acting as a trigger rather than a catalyst in its own right. With Greek fiasco seemingly in the rearview mirror...
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...trading on the mainland ,early Wednesday guided the Yuan lower against the U.S , it is seemed as the fire back of U.S senate approve to drop Yuan’s value in Asian trading. 2) Stock finished with the strong gains amid optimism about plans to recapitalize euro banks. With the gains, the Dow is up 5.6% this month, the fifth- best start to October since 1990. 3) an estimated $10.95 billion was pulled from long-term mutual funds in the last week, according to the investment company institute.as a result taxable funds and tax free funds increased in this week. Oct.14 1) J.P. Morgan stocked new fears about the health of the U.S banking industry as it posted its first year on year drop in quarterly profits since the height of the financial crisis. 4.3 billion was down from 4.4 billion last year. 2) Credit Suisse group is poised to close down its commercial mortgage backed securities divisions just days after a new warning of layoff on wall street according to people familiar with the matter. Oct.15 1) real-estate- investment-trust buy mortgage backed securities, making money on the different between the cost of borrowing and the yield they earn on the mortgage bonds, which borrow rates near historic lows, profit margin have been at near-record levels. Dow Jones U.S total stock markets mortgage REITs...
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...Meaning you buy and sell them in real time just like stocks -- except that with an ETF you're controlling hundreds of stocks with a single trade! Giving you the power to instantly diversify your portfolio or quickly seize opportunities to profit from coming macroeconomic trends (like an energy crisis or a housing boom) that could push a basket of stocks up or down. A quick example: Want to tap into the wealth-building power of the international markets? (And hedge against your U.S. investments?) Purchase an ETF that tracks the developed international markets of Europe, Australasia, and the Far East (the MSCI EAFE Index). It's like adding 800 of the very best international stocks to your portfolio -- instantly! And for just 0.35% in annual fees. One more: You may have heard the old adage "Small caps lead bull markets." Truth is, small caps don't just lead into bull markets, they charge into them -- handing investors an average return that's more than double that of the S&P 500, according to data from RidgeWorth Funds (a Lipper Award-winning firm). Want to expose your portfolio to that kind of growth? All you have to do is snap up an ETF that mirrors the small-cap index -- the Russell 2000. And it costs you less than 0.25% annually. That's 65% cheaper than what the average mutual fund charges. And you're harnessing the collective power of thousands of stocks. With ETFs, you're able to buy a diversified group of stocks from any sector, market capitalization, region, or...
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...ECONOMICS & STRATEGY THE JSK STRATEGIST June 07, 2010 Federal Budget 2011: Affordability Vs. Sustainability!! A Blurry Hype Or A Leap Of Faith?? Executive Summary At the national front, government remained excessively occupied with budgetary measures to be adopted in the finance bill, that were announced on June 5th. Capital market participants and investors, in anticipation, distanced away from large exposures as federal budget closed in, with implementation of Capital Gains Tax (CGT) on stock market transactions. Nationwide implementation Value Added Tax (VAT) regime at 15% has been deferred by three months in order to develop a productive framework for enforcement and collection mechanisms. Addressing IMF’s concerns, the removal of subsidies and a raise in power tariff by 6%, in addition to the expansion of country’s tax base remained core issues in recent budget announcements. Economic Recovery: Exceeds Expectations! Federal government revised GDP growth levels to 4.5% from a low of 4.1% sighting better than expected economic recovery for FY2010. Expansion in large scale manufacturing and growth in services sector would be the key factors contributing to economic growth with 5.6% share of manufacturing, 4.6% for services and 3.8% for agriculture sector. Also, the crippling power sector with the introduction of costly rental power plants is expected to provide significant relief to the industrial sector. Additionally, government is making all out efforts to curtail...
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