...million cases of rash, fever, and other illnesses were recorded throughout the year in Brazil, and Zika was responsible. Zika is one of about 70 viruses of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. The symptoms of Zika aren’t always prominent, but if or when they are, there’s usually not much to worry about. These symptoms include headaches, fever, rash, body aches, tiredness, and conjunctivitis, all of which are quite mild. It is important to keep in mind, though, that Zika is linked to a number of different diseases...
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...November, 2013 an article appeared in PLOS Medicine, which is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the whole spectrum of medical sciences. PLOS stands for Public Library of Science. This article has to do with swine flu deaths from the 2009 global outbreak and a new study by researchers in 26 different countries that point to the fact that the number of people who died in the 2009 swine flu outbreak was much higher than original World Health Organization official figures have shown. The new study presented in PLOS Medicine gives an estimate of world-wide swine flu deaths to have been about 203,000. This figure is roughly ten times higher than that given by the World Health Organization (WHO)-which based its total only on laboratory confirmed cases and deaths. Also, this study looked into the number of deaths by causes that became exacerbated or intensified by swine flu infection. When these deaths were taken into account, the total number of deaths due to infection by swine flu nearly doubled the 203,000 total. This was approximately more than twenty times higher than the WHO total-which, just to reiterate, was solely based on lab confirmed cases, etc... When making comments on the study (which was funded by WHO to look into the details of the outbreak and to try to come up with a more accurate death toll), one of the main researchers and author, Lone Simonsen, a researcher and professor of the Department of Global Health at George Washington University School...
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...Journal of International Academic Research (2012) Vol.12, No.1. 30 April 2012 An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Work Life Balance among University Teachers: the case of Pakistan Noor Fatima: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. noor_e_fatimah@hotmail.com Dr Shamim A.Sahibzada: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. shamim@szabist-isb.edu.pk Abstract Balance in work and family life is an emerging challenge for both employees and employers. The present research categorises selected variables as work and family related factors to study work life balance. This paper analyses the determinants of work and life imbalance with respect to male and female university teachers. A total of 146 teacher’s responses from both private and public sector universities are included in the study. Statistical analysis reveals that partner support, colleague support and job resources are positively associated with the work life balance whereas unfair criticism at job is negatively associated with work life balance. Independent sample t-test is used to analyse the effect of independent variables on work life balance with respect to male and female university teachers. The variables, partner support, childcare responsibilities, elder dependency, and colleagues support have different effect when analysed by male and female university teachers as independent samples. Keywords: Work life balance, University...
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...an option to cure it in the future. According to Time magazine, the rates of gonorrhea in cities where more people have the drug-resistant strains of the STD, the number of cases of the higher-resistant strain is, unsurprisingly, more prevalent than in other areas. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report there were approximately 820,000 cases of gonorrhea treated in the United States each year. But despite the stronger strains, the number of cases overall has decreased since the 1970s. The stronger strains were first found in the United States, in Hawaii and California in the late 1990s/early 2000s, and became increasingly prevalent in the country throughout the 2000s. By late 2000s, the CDC adjusted treatment, no longer using ciprofloxacin or other fluroquinolones for treatment, leaving only one drug combination to treat it. That treatment is an injection of cephalosporin combined with either azithromycin or doxycycline orally. The combination treatment, according to The Verge, may not be substantial enough to treat the increasingly stronger disease in the near future. Risk of HIV infection high during pregnancy, the postpartum period Women living in world regions where HIV infection is common are at high risk of acquiring HIV infection during pregnancy and the postpartum period, according to a study by US researchers published in this week's PLOS Medicine. Alison Drake and colleagues from the University of Washington in Seattle also found...
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...I. Introduction The case study focuses on an employee, Paul Keller, who is being affected by a number of factors. His job performance is hindered by constraints such as his work environment, his home environment, stressors, mood, and the management style of his superior. The case study demonstrates how his job performance is affected and what the consequences could be as a result of his poor job performance and lack of concentration. II. Problems Paul is not able to perform his job well due to, in his opinion, being tired. The conversations with his wife that replays in his thoughts show how he is conflicted at home. He apparently does not have a strong, supportive home environment. The case study also shows that he does not receive much support from his superior at work either. He possesses many stressors that are affecting his personal and work life. Stressors are any demands, either physical or psychological in nature, that are created by external events encountered during the course of living (Greenberg, 2010). Stressors can lead to job strains. According to Greenberg in his text Managing Behavior in Organizations, strain is an alteration from normal states of human functioning that results from exposure to stress that can be psychological (e.g., depression), physical (e.g., headache, muscle aches), physiological changes (e.g., increased blood pressure), or behavioral (e.g., smoking or withdrawal from work). Paul is displaying a dimension of mood known as negative...
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...The Influenza Virus & Vaccine Efficacy Amy Snyder Bryant & Stratton College Microbiology Shane Wesener 6 November 2014 Abstract: Why is the flu vaccine so controversial? There always seems to be two strong, opposing sides in terms of its efficacy or safety, separated by innumerable studies that range from black and white, to grey area conclusions. Worldwide, the influenza virus is often associated with serious health events, and immunizations are considered a key component in preventing a majority of these consequences. With this year’s flu season in full swing, the influenza vaccine is available in nearly every pharmacy, hospital, and clinic, yet many people wonder if the flu shot is a good choice for them. Introduction: The influenza virus (the flu) is an acute, infectious, respiratory disease that’s caused by an orthmyxovirus, and consists of three main strains of the virus: A, B, and C, with two types of A and one of B being the cause of most of the accounted for flu. It infects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, where the effected cells die in part from the direct effects of the virus, and also because of the body’s interferon system, which may play a role in decreasing the production of the virus (Hunt, 2010, recovery, p 1). Outbreaks usually occur in colder climates, and is spread by person to person contact, fomites, or aerosol particles (Hunt, M., 2010, Virology). Symptoms of the flu experienced by most of the population range...
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...can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech, or a supervisor is worried about his first day on the job. There is no real danger present, but the person experiences feelings of anxiety and hesitation. This type of stress is considered positive, because it is designed to encourage the individual to rise to the challenge. It can be motivational, and the individual will not experience any...
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...can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech, or a supervisor is worried about his first day on the job. There is no real danger present, but the person experiences feelings of anxiety and hesitation. This type of stress is considered positive, because it is designed to encourage the individual to rise to the challenge. It can be motivational, and the individual will not experience any...
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...Chapter I Background of the Study The twentieth century has witnessed tremendous advances in the understanding of infectious diseases, but many problems remain. Skin diseases are a common threat to humans that could be prevented by antibiotic treatment. Carbuncle, a skin disorder, is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that may occur as a commensal and may affect other tissues when normal barriers have been breached. Researchers around the globe developed antibiotics, such as penicillin and glycopeptides that could kill or slow down the growth of S. aureus bacteria. By 1950, it was reported that 40% of the hospital S. aureus isolates were penicillin and glycopeptide resistant; and recently, this has risen to 80%. Microciona prolifera, or red sponge, contains substances with antibiotic capacity that could kill or slow down the growth of a strain of S. aureus bacteria suggesting possibilities for creating novel drugs to treat the infectious skin disease. This study aims to determine the most efficient antibiotic solution of ectyonin extract from Microciona prolifera against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Statement of the Problem General Problem This study aims to compare which of the different solutions of Ectyonin extract from Microciona prolifera is the most effective in inhibiting the growth of the bacteria. Specific Problem Specifically it aims to answer the following questions: 1. Which of the four solutions...
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...Monitor Study Summary Issue All users have been provided with one 19” extended width monitor. The system provides the ability to view multiple documents at once (side by side) for comparison purposes, however this feature is not used very often because the screen size limits the display to only small fonts, the entire document is not visible all at once, and the dual display is too complicated to set-up. Additionally, the quality of the scan in many cases is not as clear as an original typed document (such as this document), requiring the font to be displayed larger than normal size in order for it to be legible. Tasks performed by our users require them to be constantly comparing documents. In order to compare documents, users usually switch back and forth between screens or print the documents. Our system does not provide the ability to simultaneously view a document while creating new forms, so users are required to switch back and forth. Currently, the our users are required to access several systems to obtain all of the necessary information, resulting in having several systems open simultaneously. Goal of Study The goal of the monitor study was to determine if an increase in the amount of screen surface would provide significant benefits such as improved efficiency, reduced print volume, increased accuracy, and reduced physical stress. If the increased screen space provided significant benefit, then the second goal of the study was to determine the best set-up...
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...infection from other viruses (Noble, AVERT). The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). This stage is reached due to lack of treatment while in the earlier stage of HIV. Those who reach this stage commonly die due to infections associated with the progressive failure of the immune system. There are two known types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both are transmitted by either sexual contact, through blood, or from mother to child, and they both appear to cause clinically indistinguishable AIDS. However, HIV-2 is less easily transmitted, and the period between initial infection and illness is longer in the case of HIV-2. The globally predominant virus is HIV-1, and is therefore the most commonly referred to when the type is not specified (in popular culture, science, etc.). The practically rare cases of HIV-2 infections are concentrated in West Africa and are seldom found elsewhere. During the last few years, it has become possible not only to determine...
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...The strain theory foundation was laid by a well known sociologist Robert Merton. Merton believed that when groups of people do not have access to particular resources within the community, they are faced with the issues of obtaining those achievements and/or resources. Often times the process by which these achievements and/or resources are obtained will lead to criminal action. This places tremendous pressure on individuals which can be described as strain. Merton also refers to the inability to obtain the achievements and/or resources honestly as blocked opportunity structure (Agnew 2006). Over time many studies regarding strain theory have been conducted which has altered the meaning of strain theory. Merton’s foundation of strain theory was built upon by a modern sociologist named Robert Agnew. Agnew took Merton’s strain theory and changed the theory behind which Merton believed that strain led to criminal and deviant behavior. Agnew’s newly defined definition of strain theory including the inability to obtain the achievements and/or resources need; but the loss of property and negative behavior displayed by others created strains (2006). Agnew also provided a structuralized approach to the strain theory by providing categories which the different behaviors can be classified. Agnew’s classification of the various form of strain theory can be determined by the resources available to an individual, behavior of others, and the experiences (both anticipated and unanticipated)...
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...Clostridium the most common food-borne diseases worldwide resulting from the contamination food. It is one of the most common causes of reported food-borne diseases in the United States. Although several Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) have been identified, SEA, a highly heat-stable SE, is the most common cause of SFD worldwide. Outbreak investigations have found that improper food handling practices in the retail industry account for the majority of SFD outbreaks. However, several studies have documented prevalence of S. aureus in many food products including raw retail meat indicating that consumers are at potential risk of S. aureus colonization and subsequent infection. Presence of pathogens in food products imposes potential hazard for consumers and causes grave economic loss and loss in human productivity via food-borne disease. Symptoms of SFD include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea. Preventive measures include safe food handling and processing practice, maintaining cold chain, adequate cleaning and disinfection of equipment, prevention of cross-contamination in home and kitchen, and prevention of contamination from farm to fork. This paper provides a brief overview of SFD, contributing factors, risk that it imposes to the consumers, current research gaps, and preventive measures. Clostridium difficile was first described as part of the normal microbiota in stool samples from healthy infants in 1935 (59)...
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...Imitation of others delinquent behavior • Differential reinforcements of behavior • Know similarities and differences between Sutherland and Akers • Know how peer delinquency is assessed and issues with some measures • Perceptual measures vs. network and dyad studies • Social norms theory and related terms: • Social norms • Actual norms • Perceived norms • Misperception • Social Structure and Social Learning Model • 4 higher level variables • Relation to SL CONTROL PERSPECTIVE Early Control Theories • Reiss • Nye • Reckless • Sykes and Matza • Know the idea and the 5 techniques of neutralization • Drift theory Social Bonding Theory- Hirschi • Core propositions and assumptions • Four elements make up the bond to society • Attachment • Commitment • Belief • Involvement • Understand propositions about peers • Understand relationship to other theories The General Theory of Crime- Gottfredson and Hirschi • Low self-control • What is it? • How is it formed? • How is it measured? • Stability? • How does it explain peers, drug use, etc? • Relationship to Hirschi’s previous theory. ANOMIE / STRAIN PERSPECTIVE Background • Durkheim • Anomie-the breakdown in social norms (often associated with rapid changes in society) • Different types of societies with different views on law and crime • Mechanical societies • Organic...
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...Knockout Mice Technology | Submitted By : Wasman ID : 11136007Course ID : BTE 402 | Knockout Mice Technology | Submitted By : Wasman ID : 11136007Course ID : BTE 402 | Modern medicine is the product of centuries of experiences in dealing with various diseases and disorders related to the human physiology. From the discovery of vaccination to the discovery of antibiotics, each medical breakthrough highlighted the success of humans in dealing with the prevailing medical issues of that time. With the discovery of the structure of DNA by Crick and Watson in the early 1950s, the focus on medical research has shifted to the understanding of the genetic cause of a particular disease. Because of this, we are now able to understand the pathophysiology behind much of the diseases that has been a mystery to us before. An example of this is cancer, which was initially untreatable, but now thanks to our ever improving understanding of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of the disease we are almost a step closer to achieving a reliable cure. In order to understand the progression of a particular disease accurately, scientists need to recreate the symptoms in a controlled environment (e.g. a laboratory) within a living organism. Such organisms are known as model organisms, because they serve as a live model which allows us to explore the workings of the disease. Due to various ethical issues, using humans as model organisms are out of the question, so scientists...
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