...Strategic Entrepreneurship Introduction: In this article, the main topic that is covered relates to precisely how strategic and entrepreneurial management are both combined and unified as a single management function. That is, Strategic Entrepreneurship which is a term vaguely coined by many describes the constant need of mangers focusing on objectives such as finding new business opportunities and taking advantage of creating short-term competition. An expectation of meeting such objectives creates a problem that is caused by having a select few elements of strategic management and entrepreneurship that overlap each other. Due to the general obscure understanding of how both strategic management and entrepreneurship are related, many studies have been conducted in order to better define Strategic Entrepreneurship. The article notes that in recent time, only one study goes to show a conceptual model of SE (Ireland 2003), but lacking in formulating a feedback loop between strategic management and entrepreneurship. Even though SE can be defined as simultaneous pursuit of opportunities and strategic advantages, the model presented by most early studies failed to pinpoint the correlation between the two. Due to the fact that SE is a new field of study, the article reviews all information on entrepreneurship, strategic management, and strategic information in order to determine the origin of SE, find the locus of integration, highlight the common components or elements, and...
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...ENFB71-104 Entrepreneurship and Innovation Session 3: Entrepreneurial Strategy Baden U’Ren buren@bond.edu.au Level 4, Room 9 5595 2212 Overview Review of the readings Innovation and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship in a Corporate Context Entrepreneurial Strategy What is Innovation? Something NEW that creates VALUE What is Innovation? “Innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for a different business or service. It is capable of being presented as a discipline, capable of being learned, capable of being practiced” - Peter Drucker Source: Schaper & Volery (2007) Entrepreneurship and Small Business 2nd Edition. Wiley. p.69 Creativity ideas, concepts & inventions Innovation the process of development and commercialisation Entrepreneurship couples opportunities and resources Innovation Exploit Incremental Explore Radical Kirzner The producer-entrepreneur •Alert and responsive to opportunities that exist •Exploits disorder (gaps) to move the market back to equilibrium Schumpeter The innovator-entrepreneur: •Creates products and processes to disturb market equilibrium •Creates opportunities Innovation & Performance Some ‘stylised facts’ about the relationships between innovation and performance: Relationships between R&D, patents, new products and performance are strongest at the industry level, weakest at the firm level Returns from...
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...1042-2587 © 2008 by Baylor University E T&P Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies: Where Are We Today and Where Should the Research Go in the Future Garry D. Bruton David Ahlstrom Krzysztof Obloj Emerging economies are characterized by an increasing market orientation and an expanding economic foundation. The success of many of these economies is such that they are rapidly becoming major economic forces in the world. Entrepreneurship plays a key role in this economic development. Yet to date, little is known about entrepreneurship in emerging economies. This introductory article to the special issue on entrepreneurship in emerging economies examines the literature that exists to date in this important domain. It then reviews the research that was generated as part of this special issue on this topic. The article concludes with a discussion of the critical future research needs in this area. Introduction The quantity and quality of entrepreneurship research has increased dramatically over the last 15 years. Today, entrepreneurship research is some of the most widely cited in the management discipline, with leading journals dedicated to its study and well-recognized conferences supporting its development. The methods employed and the theory foundations used in entrepreneurship today are consistent with mainstream management research. However, entrepreneurship research can still be critiqued as almost exclusively focused on North American and European research sites...
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...discussed, declared to be social misfits and bastions of the private enterprise system. “An entrepreneur sees an opportunity which others do not fully recognize, to meet an unsatisfied demand or to radically improve the performance of an existing business. They have unquenchable self-belief that this opportunity can be made real through hard work, commitment and the adaptability to learn the lessons of the market along the way”.(Martin , 2010). Entrepreneurship is an act of being an entrepreneur which involves initiating in a business venture, gathering the necessary resources and assuming the associated risks and rewards. There are common traits associated with an entrepreneur, most entrepreneurs tend to: * Tolerant of ambiguous situations * Resist conformity * Enjoy risk-taking * Self-reliant, dominant and independent * Be interpersonally aloof yet socially adroit * Adapt readily to change The importance of entrepreneurship for economic development has been widely acknowledged in recent times. Entrepreneurship is assumed to be a major source of innovation, job creation and growth (Kunene, 2008). According to the SBA factsheet 2010/11, SME’s account for over 99% of the firms in the U.K and over 50% for total employment and value added. In the 21st century, entrepreneurs need certain skills and competencies. Due to the rapid and constant change in the business...
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...THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OREINTATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATIVENES: A CASE STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTREPRISE IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA BY FATOYE, MUSTAPHA OBI 08S04/046 BEING A RESEACH PROJECT SUMITTED TO THE DEPARMENT OF BUSNESS ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY, OYO IN PARTICAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.S.C) DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTARTION (MANAGEMENT OPTION) JULY, 2012 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project was written by FATOYE MUSTAPHA OBI (MARICULATION NUMBER 08S04/046) in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of bachelor of science (B.S.c) degree in business administration (management option) of the department of business administration, faculty of social and management sciences, Ajayi Crowther university, Oyo, Oyo State. MR. P.A Akanbi ....................... (Project supervisor) Date DR. O.E Ofoegbu ........................ (HOD, Business Administration) Date PROF. S.O. Akano ....................... (Dean, SMS) Date .............................. ........................ EXTERNAL EXAMINER Date DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty who generously gave me the strength, health and other resources to successfully accomplish this research. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This period of my life had been a period of trials and revelation but...
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...“Entrepreneurs are born not made.” Critically analyse this statement with reference to the literature and to your experience of entrepreneurship. This essay aims to evaluate the various traits identified with entrepreneurs, and then establish whether entrepreneurs are born with these traits, or whether, they are shaped and developed through their life experiences. Put simply the purpose of this essay is to establish whether entrepreneurs are ‘born or made’. This essay focuses on two distinct schools of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship: The more traditional group of researchers has focused on the personality characteristics of the individual, the internal factors, whilst a second group of researchers have taken a social cognitive approach. They look at the relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The external factors include culture, role models, work experience, education, and environment. This essay looks at the early definitions of an entrepreneur, evaluates the literature which supports the theory that entrepreneurs are ‘born’, and also evaluates the proposal that there is a relationship between the individual entrepreneur and their social environment, that is, entrepreneurs are ‘made’. Cantillon (1756) defined the entrepreneur as engaging in business without an assurance of profits; thus the bearing of risk being the distinguishing feature of an entrepreneur. Jean Baptiste Say expanded on this by making the entrepreneur the pivot of the...
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...Entrepreneurship Research, April 2008 KC Lim Contents Abstract 1. Introduction a. b. The Continuing and Evolving Research on Entrepreneurs The Importance of Successful Entrepreneurship Today and Tomorrow 3 4 4 5 2. Literature Review a. Introduction i. Definition of Entrepreneurs Previous Areas of Entrepreneurship Research i. Personality Traits • Motivation • Risk Propensity and Uncertainty ii. Cognition • Intention and Opportunity Seeking • Innovation iii. Population Ecology c. Topic for this Study/Theoretical Framework i. The Broad Research Problem 5 5 7 9 9 10 10 10 11 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 19 22 24 27 27 29 30 b. 3. Hypothesis for Research a. Hypothesis Statements 4. Methodology 5. Analysis of Survey Data a. b. Data Compilation Analysis & Findings i. Background Data of Respondents ii. Findings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cognition in Basic Business Areas Do Emotions Figure? Preferences for Source of Funds Preferences in Knowledge Acquisition More Specific Business Aspects i. Holding Company Together ii. Growth Factors iii. Continual Growth . HELP University College, 28 October 2009 Page 1 of 43 Entrepreneurship Research, April 2008 KC Lim 6. Limitations 7. Recommendations 8. Conclusion 9. Appendix 10. References 32 32 33 35 36 . HELP University College, 28 October 2009 Page 2 of 43 Entrepreneurship Research, April 2008 KC Lim Abstract This paper presents the findings of a general opinion survey on successful small...
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...life, presents a particularly demanding set of challenges, including: * Increased choices - not all will want to join the business straight from study, if at all * The pressure of living up to expectations * Sibling rivalry * Knowing how to connect with the business if they are not directly involved * Changing lifestyles - children in family Businesses are often raised in a culture of wealth and entitlement * Loneliness and/or a lack of peers within the business. Negotiating such challenges successfully and supporting and preparing the next generation is key to enabling them to unlock their full potential and allow smooth transition of the family Business from one generation to the next. Trans-generational entrepreneurship...
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...Analysis of current training programs of practicing MSEs owners with the aim of enhancing their entrepreneurship aspects. A case study of Roysambu. N. JORAM NGA’NG’A A research proposal submitted to the School of Human resource and development in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Science in Entrepreneurship of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. March, 2011 Declaration This research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in other University. Signature……………… Date……………….. N. Joram Nga’ng’a HD313-0402/2009 This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university supervisor. Signature……………… Date……………….. Bwisa H.M.. Phd Acknowledgement I owe my family a debt of gratitude for where I am education-wise especially my mum. Am also very thankful to my supervisor for the guiding me through this tough moment. Any other person who has made an impact on my life: my friends, relatives and lecturers should also receives my thanks. TABLE OF CONTENT Declaration ii Acknowledgement iii Definition of terms. vi Abbreviations vi Abstract vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.0. Background 1 1.2. Problem statement 3 1.3. Objectives 4 1.4. Research questions 4 1.5. Significance of the study 5 1.6. Justification of the study. 5 1.7. Assumption of the study. 6 1.8. Limitations and delimitations: 6 Limitations...
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...Innovation, Ethics, and Entrepreneurship Morgan P. Miles Linda S. Munilla Jeffrey G. Covin ABSTRACT. This paper is a response to Ray’s (2004) recent proposal that the intellectual property rights (IPR) attached to potentially life saving/life sustaining innovations should become public goods in cases where markets are either unable or unwilling to pay for the creation of the intellectual property. Using a free market approach to innovation based on Western moral philosophy, we suggest that treating intellectually protected life saving/life sustaining innovations as public goods will likely reduce social welfare over the long term. KEY WORDS: entrepreneurship, ethics, innovation, intellectual property rights, policy ‘‘For the Scripture says, ‘Do not muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain,’ and ‘The worker deserves his wages’ ’’ 1 Timothy 5:18. Ray (2004), in a recent critique of Miles et al. (2002), proposes that the intellectual property rights (IPR) generated from any life saving/life sustaining entrepreneurial initiatives should be transferred to the public domain whenever potential users of these innovations are unable or unwilling to enter into mutually beneficial exchange relationships with the creators of the IPR. This reply offers a perspective on why Ray’s (2004) imperative does not maximize social welfare and, in fact, will tend to diminish social welfare over the long-term as a result of lower economic incentives for innovation. Introduction ‘‘Few...
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...providing graduate students skills in technology entrepreneurship and the commercialization of technology. We describe the lessons we have learned from fourteen years of developing commercialization of technology pedagogy and adapting it for use on four continents and within numerous corporations. We demonstrate that the straightforward theory-driven approach that we use to shape the curriculum improves our ability to learn from our mistakes and to structure small experiments to improve the pedagogy. INTRODUCTION Interest in the commercialization of technology and high technology entrepreneurship has increased significantly in the past decade. It is apparent that in many increasingly knowledge-based economies, effective managers will need to be better trained in dealing with technologists and in creating business growth and advantage through commercializing technology. Technical education faces new demands as well. For example, the National Academy of Sciences (COSEPP, 1995) issued a committee statement calling for rethinking graduate education for scientists and engineers to include the skills to promote the commercialization of technologies that they create. As interest in commercialization of technology has increased, so has academic research interest in this area. For example, the Journal of Product Innovation Management recently published a 2 issue special topic volume on technology commercialization and entrepreneurship. Topics included a meta analysis of success factors...
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...may be reproduced in any form, by Photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. www.opportunityanalysiscanvas.com Publication Data Green, James V. The opportunity analysis canvas / James V. Green Edition 1.0 1. Entrepreneurship 2. Innovation i For Jamesia and Ally Thank you for giving me the opportunity every day to be a husband and dad. ii ABOUT THE AUTHOR An award-winning educator at the University of Maryland, Dr. James V. Green leads the education activities of the Maryland Technology Enterprise Institute. As its Director of Entrepreneurship Education, he manages 25 undergraduate and graduate courses in entrepreneurship, innovation, and technology commercialization. He has created and led a host of innovative programs and activities to serve 100,000 innovators and entrepreneurs from 150 countries. With 20 publications, he is a thought leader in entrepreneurship education pedagogy and entrepreneurial opportunity analysis. In 2011, he earned first prize in the 3E Learning Innovative Entrepreneurship Education Competition presented at the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE). In 2013, he launched the University of Maryland’s first course with Coursera, “Developing Innovative Ideas for New Companies”. Prior to the University of Maryland, Dr. Green held founder, executive, and operational roles with multiple technology startups to include Cyveillance ...
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...THE FIELD OF RESEARCH IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP CHIRSTIAN BRUYAT ´ Universite de Grenoble, Grenoble, France ´ PIERRE-ANDRE JULIEN ` ` ´ ´ Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, ` Tros-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada Although the field of entrepreneurship is recognized as being of fundamental importance for our economy, and although many researchers throughout the world have turned their attention to it, there is, as yet, no agreement as to the research object in this scientific field. Empirical research has described the phenomenon from different standpoints. It has also shown that the phenomenon is much more complex and heterogeneous than was thought in the 1980s. However, to advance knowledge and produce tools that are useful in practice, it has become necessary to establish theories that will generate more productive empirical research. Some effort at definition is therefore needed. The definition proposed here takes a constructivist stance, and is at the service of a research project— that of understanding or forecasting the entrepreneurial act and its success or failure, and defining more accurately the environmental conditions favourable to that act. Here, the scientific object studied in the field of entrepreneurship is the dialogic between individual and new value creation, within an ongoing process and within an environment that has specific characteristics. This definition emphasizes the fact that we will not understand the phenomenon of entrepreneurship if we do not consider the...
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...critically comment on the following blog written by fourth grade high school students in Ohio discussing entrepreneurship: “ - Entrepreneurship is one of the most important parts of economics in a freeenterprise system. - An entrepreneur is a person that creates, organises and manages a business while trying to make a profit. The first thing an entrepreneur needs to do is to think of an idea. They have to be inquirers so they can gather as much information as possible. They need to constantly reflect on their decisions. They must be risk-takers because there is always a chance that their business will not succeed. They must be open-minded when presenting their ideas and receiving feedback. Entrepreneurs must be good communicators when sharing their ideas with investors and when advertising and promoting their company. They must also be principled and caring towards their employees and customers. - By being hardworking entrepreneurs, we all have the opportunity to be very successful.” 2 The essay examines the importance of entrepreneurship within the economy, core elements of entrepreneurship, and how entrepreneurial behaviour and certain character traits impact success. The investigation is based on statements about entrepreneurship given by fourth grade high school students in Ohio. The essay will argue that entrepreneurship is an essential part of economics in a free-enterprise system. Furthermore, it will point out that an entrepreneur...
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...inherited a business, and is eager to take financial, administrative, and social risks and responsibilities, and participate in the day-to-day management activities (UNDP, 2004). Women in Asian countries like India, Myanmar and Bangladesh have played and also are playing a good role in politics. So, Bangladeshi women are enjoying freedom to join politics as well as business. But compared with the Unites States and the European countries, the number is still poor. In fact, women entrepreneurship development is a challenging phenomenon in Bangladesh as women are lagged behind (economically and socially) compared to men. Generally, women are more victimized as because of their illiteracy, unawareness, unorganized, powerless or less political representation, deprivation, rigid social customs, religious constrains and injustice by their counter partners particularly in rural area. Women constitute about a half of the total population in Bangladesh. So for proper representation of women in the arena of entrepreneurship development, "women should constitute 50 per cent of the country's total entrepreneurs." But the ground reality is totally different. "The ratio is not even 10 per cent. The actual ratio is much lower than that. We do not know the exact number of women entrepreneurs in the country,” There is no real information on how many women entrepreneurs exist in the country. 1 Background In Bangladesh women entrepreneurs are coming up. If the last 10 years are taken...
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