1. Describe each of the four approaches to strategy making and discuss how their integrated to HRM
Classical approach
The classical approach is the most prominent of the four approaches to strategy. It is a rational and deliberate approach to strategy formulation with a unitary objective of profit maximization (Whittington, 2001). The classical approach assumes the business environment to be predictable and so designs a rational and logical approach that will enable the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. For the Classical approach, planning can adapt to and anticipate market change. Strategy is a rational process of deliberate calculation and analysis, designed to maximize long-term advantage profit-maximization. This is done by objective decisions at one remove from the business battlefield itself. The classical approach uses rational planning methodology such as PESTLE analysis to craft strategy (Mullins, 2007).
Evolutionary approach
The evolutionary is an emergent approach to strategy formulation, it relies on the ability of the market to secure a unitary goal of profit maximization. It believes that 'evolution is nature's cost benefit analysis' (Einhorn & Hogath 1988:114 cited in Whittington 2001, p.16) and so it does not matter whatever the strategy the manager puts in place, it is the market that will decide the best. For the Evolutionary approach, markets are too tough and too unpredictable for heavy investments in strategic plans. They expect markets to secure profit-maximization. They caution strategists to keep their costs low (efficiency) and their options open. Competitive processes ruthlessly select out the fittest for survival; the others are powerless to change themselves quickly enough to ward off extinction. Successful strategies only emerge as the process of natural selection delivers its judgment. Companies should fit their