...Malnutrition: a serious THREAT Introduction Malnutrition is one of world’s most serious problems. When I was preparing for the final presentation for the class, which was on impact of child on the globe, I was shocked and taken aback with the numbers that fell under this category. 32% of the global burden of diseases can be removed by eliminating malnutrition. It also contributes to 50% of child deaths under the age group of fivei. All these figures made me look into details of who is doing what to overcome this devastating epidemic and how it is affecting our economy. This paper will illustrate the impact of malnutrition on businesses and economies, and how it has altered my outlook towards life. Malnutrition is not only an urgent global health issue; it is also a hitch to productivity, economic growth and poverty reduction. We again end up asking the unchanged question, who is responsible? Definition UNICEFii defines malnutrition as a broad term commonly used as an alternative to undernutrition but technically it also refers to overnutrition. People are malnourished if their diet does not provide adequate calories and protein for growth and maintenance or they are unable to fully utilize the food they eat due to illness (undernutrition). They are also malnourished if they consume too many calories (overnutrition). Words like GDP and GNP which was covered in the class, provided me with a different perspective to the situation. I took time to review the effect of malnutrition...
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...Aniela Santoso EIL 320 Section 6 October 15, 2014 The Solutions of Food Shortage in Somalia Africa, or as known as the Dark Continent, is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. Every time this continent is mentioned, usually we immediately think about extreme poverty, children’s malnutrition, food and water shortage, also deadly diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Ebola. We only recognize the problem from the surface and just rely on humanitarian organization’s aid. But in reality, people in Africa, especially in Somalia, have undergone a very serious problem of food shortage and famine for a long time and still depend on international’s aid without helpful solution. In fact, Somalia has experienced a situation of acute malnutrition in more than 30 percent of children, at least two deaths per 10,000 people every day and access to less than four litres of water a day (CARE, 2012). Therefore, this paper will examine the possibly long-term solutions in economic, social, and political sectors to overcome the root of this problem. Food shortage in Somalia occurred as a result of natural and human factors. There are three major factors that cause this problem, which is dominated by human factors. First, Somalia has experienced civil war and political unrest as a result of the domination of an organization called Al Qaeda, which is led by Al Shahaab. Al Qaeda prohibited any deliveries of food aid from any organizations and agencies (Erdenemunkh, 2013). Second,...
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...Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Natasha Hoaglen California State University, Chico Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders are complex disabilities and disorders that are hard for families to deal with not to mention the person enduring them. Such disabilities or disorders may seem very challenging or impossible to overcome and become successful, however throughout this paper it will be evident that it’s not the case. It is possible to succeed, when educators and families work together to provides services to students so they can become the best them. The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders and how to help such learners. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Description & Characteristics Intellectual and developmental disabilities [ID and DD] are defined as those having “significant limitations, both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before age 18” (Hallahan, Kauffman, & Pullen, 2009, p. 178). There are different levels of ID and DD depending on a person’s intellectual quote [IQ]. Mild is an IQ between 50-70, moderate is an IQ between 35-50, severe is an IQ between 20-35, and profound...
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...agricultural land. In the last two decades, Bangladesh made a significant progress in cereal production. The cereal production has increased from 11.00 million tons in 1971 to almost 30.00 million tons in 2006. Ninety eight per cent of food comes from agriculture. In spite, the food grain production in Bangladesh is facing great challenges due to increasing population, decreasing agricultural land, depleting natural resource base, climate change etc. Rice is the main crop that covers nearly 75% of cropped area contributing over 95% of total food grain production. It provides about 65 percent of direct human calorie intake. It is considered as the center of food security and socio-political stability. Major challenges in agriculture are to overcome the stress like pest and diseases or climatic hazards like submergence, salinity, drought, heat, cold, soil toxicity etc. and produce more rice with less land, less water, fewer chemicals and less labor in the context of global climate change. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Agricultural research seems to be the oldest form of organized research in the world. Agricultural research can be broadly defined as any research activity aimed at improving productivity and quality of crops by their genetic improvement,...
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...Millennium Development Goal INTRODUCTION The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that all 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. The aim of the MDGs is to encourage development by improving social and economic conditions in the world's poorest countries. They derive from earlier international development targets, and were officially established following the Millennium Summit in 2000, where all world leaders present adopted the United. The Millennium Summit was presented with the report of the Secretary-General entitled ‘We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the Twenty-First Century’. Additional input was prepared by the Millennium Forum, which brought together representatives of over 1,000 non-governmental and civil society organizations from more than 100 countries. The Forum met in May 2000 to conclude a two-year consultation process covering issues such as poverty eradication, environmental protection, human rights and protection of the vulnerable. A major conference was held at UN headquarters in New York on 20–22 September 2010 to review progress to date, with five years left to the 2015 deadline. The conference concluded with the adoption of a global action plan to achieve the eight anti-poverty goals by their 2015 target date. There were also major new commitments on women's and children's health, and major new initiatives in the worldwide...
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...slaves used in comparison to the forms that Indigenous slaves used, and the outcome of this resistance, it can be stated that African slaves were far more victorious in their endeavours for emancipation than Indigenous slaves were. The land that Indigenous people occupied was highly sought after by Europeans for economic activity, as it contained commodities and people who they established as cheap and productive labour (Beckles and Shepard, 118.) Because of this, the Indigenous people were mistreated, enslaved, and stripped of their own land and freedoms. They were forced to work under conditions which led to the death of much of the population with causes such as malnutrition, starvation, and outbreaks of disease. As a result of this mistreatment, Indigenous people in the Caribbean mainly used open strategies of resistance such as attack on the white masters or warfare....
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...70s’, 70% people were under the food consumption poverty line. Today this is down to under half of the population. Today, though people are not dying, they are going hungry and becoming stunted with reduced mental and physical capacity. They are suffering. The hungry population of over 60 million people is larger than most other global cases- the third largest poor population in any country after China and India5. Nearly half of Bangladesh’s children are underweight, making it one of the most severe cases of malnutrition in the world. While Bangladesh has definitely got more food than it had thirty years back, yet almost half of Bangladesh is still far from being food secure. The World Bank and GoB-UN in their respective reports on MDGs, put the target of 34% children being underweight as non-attainable at present rates of progress. Much will need to be done to achieve the 2015 MDG target of halving the proportion of people who suffer from hunger and malnutrition. Demographic changes in upcoming years are likely to affect poverty and hunger in adverse ways. While poverty is an overall denominator of this food insecurity in the country, the additional intensifiers are disability (gender, age, and physical challenge) and location .Issues of governance and accountability further thwart attempts at providing targeted safety nets and price stabilisation. Achieving the MDG targets within the next decade will require Bangladesh to...
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...day. During admission she showed occasional signs of confusion but was able to give consent. Physically, Mary was in a wheelchair, had a history of falls, pressure damage, skin flaps. and needed full assistance with mobility. My mentor facilitated her admission assessment. I observed this in preparation of undertaking future ones myself whilst under supervision. From a management perspective my mentor who was the senior nurse needed to consider who would be left on the ward whilst he and I did the admission. He needed to consider risk management issues and ensure that there would be a safe and effective level of staffing and skills mix to care for the other patients on the ward and to deal with the daily ward issues. (Risk Management Strategy LPT 2003) Care pathways concentrate on the management...
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...April 26, 2014 Introduction This paper describes the online business venture of Triple H, Inc. Triple H, Inc. is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the orphans and children living in poverty around the globe. We strive to provide the basic necessities that many of these children are doing without – food, shelter, education and medical care. Through the generosity of our many individual and corporate donors, we are able to provide these essentials to many children every year. Triple H, Inc. is run by a staff of volunteers around the country who are compassionate about the work of Triple H, Inc. and are committed to caring for as many orphans and children of poverty as we can. Overview and Mission Triple H, Inc. is dedicated to the needs of orphans and children living in poverty and helping to transform their lives. Our mission is to provide relief in times of emergencies as well as to provide assistance in the areas that will make a difference to the children in the years ahead of them – areas such as the children’s living situation, physical, educational and emotional needs. We provide food and shelter for children in orphanages and those living in poverty with the help of our sponsors and volunteers across the world. Not an easy task but we aim to find a long-term solution to improve the lives of and reduce the number of children in poverty. At Triple H, Inc., we strive to transform the lives of these children in an effort to help them become productive, healthy...
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...Impact of Genetic Modification of Food on global food marketing Since genetically modified (GM) food has entered the global food market in early mid 1990s and corn, rice, canola oil and soybeans become among the first FDA-approved Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), large companies such as Monsanto, Nestle and PepsiCo experienced cost benefits with these new ingredients and the trend has quickly spread to other sects of the food industry. Genetically modified food can be defined as organisms in which genetic material has been altered by recombinant DNA technology. It sparks controversy among agricultural sectors. Some may advocate that such biotechnology generates a set of potential benefits to producers or consumers with cheaper production costs and food attribute enhancements while others may dispute the possible costs of unintended allergic responses, long-term health and environmental effects, ethical or moral issues. Consumers’ perceptions of these potential benefits and costs shape market responses to the new technologies and eventually determine how widely the technology is adopted. This essay will discuss the issues around genetic modification of food and the impact of them on how food is marketed globally. Table 1 below shows the PESTLE analysis to examine the external environment for GM food. Politically, GMOs regulations differ in countries, with marked differences between US and EU. Many GM plants including varieties of soya bean, cotton, maize and rice not...
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...1) Present THREE main public health issues that your group suggests to address urgently (justify your group’s decision to include those three issues): * In 2003 alone, AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria caused more than 6 million deaths worldwide. * Tuberculosis is the main public health issues. * Tuberculosis also can call TB is an infection of the lungs with a germ called Mycobacterium. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacteria species in the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis. * Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit their saliva through the air. * It is a communicable disease that spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. The tuberculosis causing bacteria are not found equally in all regions of the world. Places like India, China and sub-Saharan Africa have more cases of people who have this bacterium. It attacks people with a weakened immune system. * Liberia is also faced with other infectious diseases burden that hampers development. In 2007, Liberia’s HIV prevalence was reported as 1.5 percent in the general population (ages 15-49), and in 2008 the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the incidence rate for all forms of tuberculosis to be 326 per 100,000. * Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Book Review Dilemmas, Challenges, and Ethics of Humanitarian Action: Reflections on Médecins Sans Frontières' Perception Project’ – Book Review [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Dilemmas, Challenges, and Ethics of Humanitarian Action: Reflections on Médecins Sans Frontières' Perception Project’ – Book Review Introduction Ethics comprises key organisational elements in today’s world regardless of the job responsibility that describes oneself and this is why its evaluation is done and relevant implication studied in each sector and industry. Whether it is the provision of humanitarian aid or it is the manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs, there are certain ethical boundaries that are important to be mindful of so that they are not breached as it comes attached with severe negative consequences. In the light of this argument for the purpose of strengthening it, a book edited by Caroline Abu-Sada named ‘Dilemmas, Challenges, and Ethics of Humanitarian Action: Reflections on Médecins Sans Frontières' Perception Project’ will be reviewed. Discussion As obvious from the book title, Médecins Sans Frontière s' also known as ‘Doctors without Borders’ is used as the case study for the purpose of enlightening the audience of the ethical challenges and moral dilemmas in addition to the ethics that revolve around humanitarian action (Kramer, Soskolne, Mustapha and Al-Delaimy, 2012, a299-301). The prominent theme that characterises...
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...Why does food become a deadly enemy for some people? Well, society continues to send the message to young women and even to a small number young men (more and more men are becoming victims of eating disorders these days) that to be happy and successful one must be thin, which causes them to starve and/or binge and purge themselves in an attempt to gain what the media considers an ideal figure. The media is full of "toothpick" thin models, in which women desire to be like. Women often need to be in the feel of being in control, it is an ongoing battle they encounter with perfection. Bulimia nervosa is a disorder with psychological, and physiological effects. It is an eating disorder, common especially among young women of normal weight, that is characterized by episodic binge eating. Bingeing is defined as the rapid consumption of a large amount of food, often a bulimic person will eat more in two hours than a normal person would consume in an entire day. Binges are often followed by feelings of guilt, shame, loss of control, anxiety and depression. These negative feelings, especially anxiety and shame lead to bulimic behaviors, such as purging. The most common purging behavior is vomiting, which is a way to dispose of the calories and fat taken in that causes weight gain orally. The other way of deposing calories and fat are the use of laxatives, it is not as common as vomiting. There is more pain caused to the anus when using laxatives, then there is pain to the throat when vomiting...
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...Journal of Diabetology, June 2010; 3 :4 http://www.journalofdiabetology.org/ Review Article: Diabetes in Prevention Abstract: Pakistan: Epidemiology, Determinants and * R. Hakeem 1 , 2 , A . Fawwad 2 Epidemiology and determinants of diabetes in Pakistan have peculiar combination of risk factors. Strong gene and environment interplay along with in-utero programming in context of low birth weight and gestational diabetes are the main contributors of a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. The real burden of diabetes is due to its chronic complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The unique combination of various risk factors necessitates research studies to make appropriate risk assessment tools to control this diabetes pandemic. Better understanding of aetio-pathological genetic and environmental factors are suggesting prevention should begin much before the start of disease process and interventions in high-risk subjects alone will not be sufficient. It is necessary to initiate population based programmes for primary prevention of diabetes including a range of activities targeted at different age groups from fetal life to old age. Synchronized and coordinated efforts from public and private sectors are needed to combat this mammoth health and economic issue. Key words: Diabetes, Pakistan, Introduction: Escalation in rates of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes in Pakistan is posing threats to the economy and quality of life...
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...The Psychology of Eating Disorders Does the saying “beauty is in the eye of the beholder” stand to be true? For some the answer to this question would be yes. But, to the many health aid companies who advertise in popular teen magazines, commercials, movies, and television shows the answer might be different. The companies that sell “health aide/beauty products” have made a science of understanding the most effective way to advertise and market their products. They spend hundreds of millions of dollars per year targeting specific age groups and races to make sure that their voice and opinions on the best way to attain those “movie star looks” are heard. However, in my opinion, this mass advertising crosses the line when every magazine in a newsstand promotes unhealthy body images and ways to lose weight. Young woman, who are not wise enough to know that everything they read or see is not always true, can take many of the promises that such health/beauty aids promotes to a whole new level. What these girls/young women fail to understand is that there are sellers of products, who in some cases are more concerned with their profits than the health and well-being of the consumer buying their products, . A large portion of the female population has felt the pressure to look or act a certain way at some point in her life. The real problem is how these girls deal with that pressure. More often than not, they will resort to doing extreme things to their bodies. Actions that...
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