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Project Finance

Definition:

It is a method of raising long-term debt financing for major projects based on lending against the cash flow generated by the project alone. It is a financial discipline that has developed rapidly over the last 20 years. Project Finance is not the same thing as “financing projects.”

Traditionally: In developed countries: • Large-scale public sector projects in developing countries were financed by public-sector debt • Private-sector projects were financed by large companies raising corporate loans. In developing countries: • Projects were financed by govt. borrowing from the international banking market, multilateral institution such as the WB or through export credit.
These approaches have begun to change transferring a significant share of the financing burden to the private sector.,

Waves of Project Finance:

• Modern project finance techniques were first developed and derived from Texas oil fields in 1930s, North Sea oil fields in the 1970s, and other natural resources projects in Australia. • Finance for independent power projects (IPPs) in electricity sector, electricity privatization in the UK in 1990s, and subsequent worldwide process of electricity privatization and deregulation. • Finance for public infrastructure was specially developed through the UK’s Private Finance Initiative (PFI) from the early 1990s. • Finance for the explosive worldwide growth in mobile telephone networks developed in the late 1990s.

Private sector undertook more than 1,900 infrastructure projects between 1990 and 2000 in developing countries. The most substantial investments were made in energy, telecommunications, and transport. The need for project financing remains high throughout the world as more countries require increasing supplies of public utilities

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