...is a better chance that those fruits and vegetables will be scarce, or not always available. You may find that the market has no strawberries at all. Why? Either no shipments of strawberries came in, or so few strawberries came in that by the time you got there, they were all gone. What does this mean for the demand of strawberries? If enough people want strawberries when none are available, then the demand is quite high. And the demand is high not because the price is low (as is usually the case) but because the supply is low. An older person in your family can probably tell you about a time 30 years ago when there was a gasoline shortage. At that time, in the 1970s, gasoline was scarce. Many people wanted to buy it, but only a certain amount was available. This is a great example of scarcity: Wants are more than what is available. The supply was low. Because the demand was greater than the supply, the gasoline was scarce. So how does scarcity relate to supply and demand? Scarcity is a measure of supply. If strawberries are scarce, then the supply of strawberries is low. And if many people want to buy strawberries when none are available, then demand is high because of a low supply caused by scarcity. When things are scarce, we have to make choices. If the market doesn't have strawberries, you have to decide if you really want strawberries. If you do, then you will have to...
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...Logistics Case Study: California Strawberry Competitiveness in Chicago, Paris and Tokyo. Professor: Jonathan M. SELTZER Submitted: 19.02.2016 Strawberries are popular worldwide due to their organoleptic qualities, nutrient content and versatility. The international trade of strawberries, fresh and processed, has grown in recent years with global sales of 1,533,000 tonnes in 2013, a 29% increase from 2006 according to data from Trade Map. This following report focuses on the ability of California’s strawberries to compete in the Chicago, Paris and Tokyo markets and the logistical details of their distribution to each market. CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION The following data comes from the California Strawberry Commission. California is the largest strawberry producing state in the US, which is the largest strawberry producing country in the world. In 2014, more than 2.3 billion pounds, equivalent to more than 1 million metric tons, of strawberries were harvested. This accounts for 88% of the nation’s strawberry production. Despite recent shrinking strawberry acreage, California continues as the leading strawberry producing region in the world and is expected to supply over 79% of the volume consumed in the U.S in 2016. Due to its coastal climate, moderate temperature and rich soil, California is capable of producing strawberries year-round with peak crop harvest availability between April and July. It should be noted that California’s ability to maintain its...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGMENT 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 LIST OF TABLES 5 LIST OF FIGURES 6 1.0 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 BACKGROUND OF MALAYSIA 7 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY 9 1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 11 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 11 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 11 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 12 2.1 DATA COLLECTION METHOD 12 3.0 CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 4.0 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS 15 4.1 INTERNAL ANALYSIS 15 4.1.1 STRENGTH 15 4.1.2 WEAKNESS 15 4.1.3 OPPORTUNITY 15 4.1.4 THREAT 15 4.2 HOST COUNTRY BACKGROUND / MACRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 16 4.2.1 POLITICAL 16 4.2.4 TECHNOLOGICAL 18 4.2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL 20 4.2.6 LEGAL 21 4.3 MODE OF ENTRY 23 4.4 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 23 4.4.1 RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING FIRMS 23 4.4.2 THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS 24 4.4.3 THREATS OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCT/SERVICE 24 4.4.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIER 25 4.4.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYER 25 4.5 MARKET PENETRATION STRATEGIES 25 4.5.1 PRODUCT 25 4.5.2 PLACE (DISTRIBUTION) 27 4.5.3 PRICE 28 4.5.4 PROMOTION 29 5.0 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION 30 5.1 CONCLUSION 30 5.2 LIMITATION OF STUDY 32 REFERENCES 33 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Assalamualaikum and a very great thankful dedicated to almighty Allah S.W.T for giving us this wonderful opportunity where we are able to portray our capability in completing this international business report. Special thanks is also dedicated to our beloved lecturer, Sir Zaid Mat Yusop for giving us this...
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...geneticist, Alec Jefferies, developed laboratory techniques in 1984 that became known as DNA fingerprinting. These techniques can identify the differences in repetitive nucleotide sequences between individuals, but also show where sequences are the same and, therefore, have been inherited. DNA fingerprinting can be used to detect genetic disorders, identify individuals, settle paternity disputes and determine guilt or innocence when presented as evidence in a crime scene investigation. This ability to identify an individual is enhanced by the variety of substances that contain DNA, including blood, semen, saliva, hair, urine, bone, teeth, feces, and tissues. DNA profiling is one of the most important applications of the techniques used in the field of forensics. Crime scene investigation routinely includes the collection of evidence that may contain DNA in the hopes that it may provide a link to a suspect. The genetic comparison doesn't require that investigators look at the entire genome of the DNA samples found at the crime scene or from a suspect. Instead, forensic scientists use genetic markers, sequences of the DNA located within the non-coding regions that are known to vary from person to person. Because these markers are inherited, they are more likely to match between related individuals than in nonrelatives. They then check for the presence or absence of those sequences in a sample taken from a suspect. Once forensic investigators have genetic profiles in place, they...
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...months or years with their data to the academics who want to read it can be messy. It takes a long time. It’s expensive. And the researchers involved give their work away for free—as do the peer-reviewers who approve it. Many researchers have long believed publishing power has evolved to lie in the hands of a few big companies, like, say, Reed-Elsevier and Springer. But none had ever done a study to see if that was true.Vincent Larivière, a researcher at the University of Montreal’s School of Library and Information Science, decided to do what any good scientist does: Test the hypothesis. Turns out the hunch was right. “In fact, we did not think things would be this bad,” he says.In a study published last week, Larivière, along with his co-authors Stefanie Haustein and Philippe Mongeon, found that in the natural and medical sciences as well as the social sciences and humanities, five major publishers “account for more than 50 percent of all papers published in 2013.” Those publishers include Reed-Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, and Taylor & Francis. (The fifth differs for the two major fields—American Chemical Society for the hard sciences, Sage Publications for the more social ones.)To break down those percentages, the team analyzed nearly 45 million documents indexed in Thomas Reuters’ Web of Science between 1973 and 2013. And they found that an overwhelming number of mergers and acquisitions within the publishing world since the...
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...The Local Food Movement Benefits Farms, Food Production, Environment The Local Food Movement, 2010 Pallavi Gogoi is a writer for BusinessWeek Online. She frequently writes on retailing. Just as small family-run, sustainable farms were losing their ability to compete in the food marketplace, the local food movement stepped in with a growing consumer demand for locally grown, organic, fresh produce. In addition to supermarket giants following the trend toward locally grown food and devoting shelf space to such items, local foods are also finding their way into schools, office cafeterias, and even prisons. Although the trend toward organic foods has not waned, consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact caused when organic foods must travel to find their way to the local grocery store shelf. For this and other reasons, consumers are opting instead for locally grown counterparts, choosing to eat what is available in each season in their areas rather than purchasing food that must be shipped from other regions. Drive through the rolling foothills of the Appalachian range in southwestern Virginia and you'll come across Abingdon, one of the oldest towns west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. If it happens to be a Saturday morning, you might think there's a party going on—every week between 7 a.m. and noon, more than 1,000 people gather in the parking lot on Main Street, next to the police station. This is Abingdon's farmers' market. "For folks here, this is part of the Saturday...
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...This article described the feeling of being overwhelmed along with frustration. I think this was a good article because being a human service worker should not assume that things will be easy. Challenges will be thrown at you and I think this article connects with the case manager’s emotional and social feelings within their work place. This relates to my volunteer site because my case manager does face some frustrations sometimes when she has to work with families. The challenges in a job are real. Redner, L. L., & Herder, D. D. (1992). Case management's role in effecting appropriate treatment for persons with histories of childhood.. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 15(3), 37. In the article “Case management's role in effecting appropriate...
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...From the data observed, it was observed that when the bee is in its larval stage, it has high chances of mortality. This is due to the low population density of worker bees present on the hive. Worker bees are vital to the broods’ development since they are the ones feeding them. Small number of nurse bees ultimately leads to the deprivation of food. Temperature could have affected them too. Lack of food for larva leads to starvation and definitely, to death. Type III survivorship curve was found to be prevalent given the data plotted on the grid. Mortality rates were at its peak during the juvenile stages, while a high survival rate during the later stages. The curve reflects the opposite pattern of survival and mortality. The curve begins with a very steep slope, which indicates low survival (high mortality) among the juveniles. The shallow slope in middle part and old ages indicates that most of the individuals that survive their youth survive to old age. Mortality was observed on each of the life stages and these mortalities are caused by different factors. Eggs of the test species are generally temperature sensitive. Varying weather conditions which cause temperature changes may have caused the eggs to degenerate, and fail to develop. Some eggs also failed to develop due to its non-viability. Eggs that developed into the larval stage are also at risk of being infected with chalk brood, which is caused by a fungus. A low population density of nurse bees may also cause the...
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...- Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1896 - February 2014 Dissertations and Theses January 2008 The Impact of the Organic Mainstream Movement: A Case Study of New England Organic Produce Prices Megan M. Dolan University of Massachusetts - Amherst, megan12122001@yahoo.com Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Dolan, Megan M., "The Impact of the Organic Mainstream Movement: A Case Study of New England Organic Produce Prices" (2008). Masters Theses 1896 - February 2014. Paper 100. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/100 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu. THE IMPACT OF THE ORGANIC MAINSTREAM MOVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF NEW ENGLAND ORGANIC PRODUCE PRICES A Thesis Presented by MEGAN M. DOLAN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE February 2008 Department of Resource Economics THE IMPACT OF THE ORGANIC MAINSTREAM MOVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF NEW ENDGLAND ORGANIC PRODUCE PRICES A Thesis Presented by MEGAN M. DOLAN Approved as to style and content by: Julie A. Caswell, Chair Nathalie Lavoie, Member ...
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...RESEARCH DESIGN OPENING QUESTIONS 1. What is a research design and what are the kinds of basic research designs? 2. How can the basic research designs be compared and contrasted? 3. What are the major sources of errors in a research design? 4. How does the researcher coordinate the budgeting and scheduling aspects of a research project? 5. What elements make up the marketing research proposal? 6. What factors should the researcher consider while formulating a research design in international marketing research? 7. How can technology facilitate the research design process? 8. What ethical issues arise when selecting a research design? AUTHOR’S NOTES: CHAPTER FOCUS This chapter provides an overview of research design. A definition and a classification of research designs are presented. The differences between exploratory and conclusive research designs are discussed. The three basic types of research designs, namely exploratory, descriptive, and causal, are described and a comparative analysis of these designs is presented. The potential sources of errors in research designs are covered in some detail. The budgeting and scheduling of a marketing research project, as well as the preparation of a marketing research proposal, are covered. This chapter is similar to competing texts with regard to the material on the basic types of research designs. It is different in that it presents a comparative analysis of these designs and also gives a unified treatment...
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...Data Mining 0. Abstract With the development of different fields, artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistic, database, pattern recognition and neurocomputing they merge to a newly technology, the data mining. The ultimate goal of data mining is to obtain knowledge from the large database. It helps to discover previously unknown patterns, most of the time it is followed by deeper manual evaluation to explain and correlate the results to establish a new knowledge. It is often practically used by government, bank, insurance company and medical researcher. A general basic idea of data mining would be introduced. In this article, they are divided into four types, predictive modeling, database segmentation, link analysis and deviation detection. A brief introduction will explain the variation among them. For the next part, current privacy, ethical as well as technical issue regarding data mining will be discussed. Besides, the future development trends, especially concept of the developing sport data mining is written. Last but not the least different views on data mining including the good side, the drawback and our views are integrated into the paragraph. 1. Introduction This century, is the age of digital world. We are no longer able to live without the computing technology. Due to information explosion, we are having difficulty to obtain knowledge from large amount of unorganized data. One of the solutions, Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) is introduced...
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...EXTERNAL ANALYSIS of the PHILIPPINES Filipinos are food lover. Filipinos do not consider it a meal if rice is not served. Plain steamed rice is the basis of the diet. Three crops a year are harvested to provide enough rice for the population, and the government keeps surpluses stored for times of drought. Salt water and freshwater of fish and shellfish are eaten daily, served either fresh or salted. Fish, chicken and pork are usually fried, although people are becoming more health-conscious and often choose alternative methods of cooking. Garlic is added to food because it is considered healthful. Filipino food is not spicy. All food is cooked on gas burners or wood or charcoal fires and is allowed to get cold before it is eaten. Rice is cooked first, since it takes longer. When it is ready, rice will be placed on the table while the next items of the meal are prepared and served. Table knives are not used. Forks and spoons are used for dining. The food is eaten from a spoon. The traditional method of placing food on a banana leaf and eating with one's hands is also used throughout the country. It is acceptable to eat food with one's hands at restaurants as well as in the home. Breakfast is served at 6 A.M. and consists of food left over from the night before. It is not reheated. Eggs and sausage are served on special occasions. Small buns called pan de sol may be purchased from vendors early in the morning. At midmorning and in the afternoon, people eat merienda. Since Filipinos...
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...Wal-mart 2013 Principles of Management Wal-Mart and Effective Management Karwan S. Othman Wal-Mart, United States Of America Wal-Mart at Its Peak Wal-Mart is the largest retailer worldwide; the reasons may vary from different functional fields of the company. Fifty years ago, the company started the business based on the lowest prices that could be offered to customers. Since then, Wal-Mart is “Everyday low price” pricing strategy to maximize the sales as much as possible. Besides of that, it is using the current technology to keep track on every single sale at each store among all the stores in around forty countries. New financial systems through the new technology being in charge enable the company to manage the financial systems of each single store. Wal-Mart’s mission is to get to zero waste and highest sales among the other retailers. It is been said that Wal-Mart is doing the best of retailing, and it is because of various aspects of the organization although I believe planning, low pricing, using modern information systems and controlling strategies are the most vital characteristics of the organization’s triumph. Wal-Mart is established based on lowest prices possible for customers, and that is one of the most significant factors of the company’s success. Everyday low pricing, EDLP is a strategy that organizations use to offer low prices than common prices of products which would encourage customers to purchase without waiting for sales. According to the...
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...her family and their legal status. It is not uncommon for legal immigrants to have family that have diverse statuses for legality. In Irma’s family she has members that are legal through birth, permanent residents, naturalized citizens, and some, like her brother-in-law Raymundo, undocumented immigrants. Raymundo, among others, are burdened with the stress of living a life unseen. He cannot achieve his full potential because he is stuck doing the work that citizens of the United States do not want to do, such a working in the fields and hard labored factory working. With the status of being undocumented, if he was to lose his job he does not get unemployment, and when he has a job his wages a lower than they should be. Raymundo stresses about is immigration status to a point where he will get a rash on his body. He has a wife and a child who are citizens of the United States, and if he gets caught, he will be sent back to Mexico away from his family. “Field of Tears,” is another article that discusses the Journey to El Norte, or the promise land up North. Teresa Vega had to watch her first son die, due to her and her husband, Marco, not having any money to take him to the doctor. When Teresa discovered she was pregnant again she decided that once the child was born she was going to migrate to the...
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...fresh-like characteristics. In addition, there is scientific evidence that consumption of Citrus fruits and vegetables helps prevent many degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular problems and several cancers (Rico et al., 2007). Fresh fruits have a natural protective barrier that acts effectively against most plant spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. However, as a consequence of inappropriate manipulation during the handling, cutting, shredding, and maintenance of the fruit at ambient temperature and storage conditions, both pathogenic and deteriorative microorganisms may contaminate a product, thus increasing the risk of microbial diseases and spoilage (Beuchat, 1996; Díaz-Cinco et al., 2005). In fact, the number of outbreaks and cases of illness caused by consumption of citrus fruits and unpasteurized juices has increased in the last years (Harris et al., 2003), especially in developing Countries like Nigeria....
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