...location. This paper analyses why street vendors despite the provision of formal market infrastructure still decide to trade from the streets. Theories of the informal economy were adopted to get insights into the issues of street vending. Based on survey results the study establishes that for street vendors accessibility of customers is a key consideration and they strategically locate on the streets to avoid formalisation costs such as rent, taxes and licences. Whereas for market traders selling from the formal market, a secure and clean environment is important. Therefore, policies of the informal economy should take into account the nuances and heterogeneity of the sector, in that, governments should come up with more inclusive policies that will accommodate all traders according to their practical needs and not perceived needs such as building formal market infrastructure for all. Street Vending Street vending is one of the most visible activities in the informal economy and is found everywhere in the world, both in developed and developing countries. It has been defined in many different ways by various authors. However, a common theme among definitions is the location of trade. It may include trading without a permit, trading outside formally designated trading locations and non-payment of municipal/national taxes or self allocation of shelter for trading (Lyons, M. and S. Snoxell 2005: 1304). Bhowmik identified street vendors as self employed workers in...
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...When we think of a particular place we tend to think about the structure of the area. We think about the attractions, the buildings, and most importantly the streets. In Jane Jacob’s book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, she explores the “orthodox planning” of city architects and attacks their way of building cities (Jacobs 41). While observing cities and safety, Jacobs points out blatant problems regarding cities especially delving into sidewalk safety. She also discusses solutions to these obvious errors of the city planners. Just as Jacobs has done, I observed a few places in the cities I live in and have connected my observations with Jacobs’ analysis. Jane Jacobs starts off by pointing out the fact that streets and sidewalks are by “itself…nothing” but an “abstraction” (Jacobs 29). These streets and sidewalks are only considered to be an integral part of the buildings and attractions that are a part of the city. They become something of value only when people start to use them to conduct daily business and extracurricular activities. As I have observed in Wedgewood Drive, Lansdale during the early hours of the morning the streets are deserted except for a few people getting up to go to the mosque for prayer. As the day progresses the local residents start to make use of the streets and conduct their activities and that is when Jacobs’ solution to city safety and peace are brought forth. Jane Jacobs suggests that solution for sidewalk and city safety. In...
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...The preschool educational television program Sesame Street was first aired on public broadcasting television stations November 10, 1969, and will reach its 45th season in 2014. The history of Sesame Street has reflected changing attitudes to developmental psychology, early childhood education and cultural diversity. Featuring Jim Henson's Muppets, animation, live shorts, humor and celebrity appearances, it was the first television program of its kind to base its content and production values on laboratory and formative research, and the first to include a curriculum "detailed or stated in terms of measurable outcomes".[1] Initial responses to the show included adulatory reviews, some controversy and high ratings. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in over 120 countries, and 20 independent international versions had been produced.[2] The show was conceived in 1966 during discussions between television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and Carnegie Corporation vice president Lloyd Morrisett. Their goal was to create a children's television show that would "master the addictive qualities of television and do something good with them",[3] such as helping young children prepare for school. After two years of research, the newly formed Children's Television Workshop (CTW) received a combined grant of $8 million from the Carnegie Corporation, the Ford Foundation and the U.S. federal government to create and produce a new children's television show. By the show's tenth...
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...Date: 04-26-2010 Miguel Street by V.S. Naipaul The History of Trinidad Trinidad was inhabited by Carib and Arawak people long before Christopher Columbus arrived, but the recorded history of Trinidad and Tobago begins with the settlements of the islands by Spanish. Both islands were encountered by Christopher Columbus on his third voyage in 1498. Tobago changed hands between the British, French, Dutch and Courlanders, but eventually ended up in British hands. Trinidad remained in Spanish hands until 1797, but it was largely settled by French colonists. In 1889 the two islands were incorporated into a single crown colony. Trinidad and Tobago obtained self-governance in 1958 and independence from the British Empire in 1962. It became a republic in 1976. The Author V. S. Naipaul (1932~, ) is a Trinidadian novelist and essayist of Indo-Trinidadian descent. He is widely considered to be one of the masters of modern English prose. He has been awarded numerous literary prizes including the Booker Prize (1971) and the David Cohen Prize for a lifetime's achievement in British Literature (1993). V. S. Naipaul was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001. In 2008, The Times ranked Naipaul seventh on their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". The Book Miguel Street is usually treated as a “semi-autobiographical” novel by V. S. Naipaul set in wartime Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Naipaul wrote it while employed at the BBC. Miguel Street won the 1961 Somerset...
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..."On the Streets" piece. Alfie Kelly As the dark awaited the dawn, the first signs of human life flickered in the baleful night. The commuters had awoken; rising to venture to their early starting jobs in the central area of the city. The light of the day had long since ebbed and dwindled to nothing, the air was cooler and damper than it had been in the more "sociable" hours. In the sweet rain-washed darkness the sounds of the night became loud in the ears, even the rustling of the leaves and the whisper of the wind was thunderous. You could easily claim that in the absolute blackness of this twilight world it was possible to hear a beetle in the deep earth. Situated in the doorway of a city outskirts off licence was a frail shadow. The ominous figure was cramped right up against door frame, resting his head against the cold, metal shutter. With nothing but torn rags and an oversized coat for clothing, it shivered. After the city street lamps had suddenly flickered into life, the being became visible. His gaunt face and ghostly eyes was the only things that could be seen, as he was shielding his bare skin from the cold. Fashioning a thick scruffy beard coupled with a greasy mane of hair, you could tell he was in a atrocious state of health. This state of disrepair looked as if it had accumulated over a prolonged length of time. Down by his side laid a small satchel, which bared a few personal belongings. Sown into the bag's pocket, in bold, fluent text, was the name "Bjorn"...
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...The Controversy of Street Art: Good or Bad? Abdallah Bah College Writing: Critique Essay Professor Drazba 10/30/2015 Controversy of Street Art After reading the article A Street Art Culture Clash as Graffiti Goes Mainstream written by Mark Stryker, from the Detroit Free Press. The article was published on August 29, 2015. The article/author isn’t biased towards any particular side, it gives good information on both how its good and bad to be an a street artist. Stryker provides evidence from the side of the people that support street art and the side, which doesn’t. Street art is considered as an illegal form of art, it looks very attractive but to the law it is a bad look for a city or so they say. Street art first started off as graffiti in the late 60’s and early 70’s, but over the years artists started doing more complex form of art rather than just text (Stryker, 2015). When people “vandalize” a wall, normally it’s not meant for destruction. It’s a ways of creation and edition to communicate about the things they see without having to use their voice. To the lawmakers, it might seem like murals and graffiti on walls are bad for the city. But in a city like Detroit, how can anyone say that’s a bad thing? The people of Detroit have been through so much over the years, whether its poverty, crime and etc. Maybe this is the kind of thing that will bring some life back into the city. But of course graffiti and street aren’t quite the same thing, graffiti is more text...
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...Miguel Street V.S Naipual’s novel Miguel Street recounts the life of the narrator when he lived on Miguel Street. The narrator tells the tales of the people he came into contact. The caharacters mentioned have proven to have large personalities and this is seen in the 17 short stories written in the play. One of the short stories focuses on a man named Popo, his story tells of the development of a person when faced with the various ups and downs that life has to offer and touches on how the narrator now views him. This leads to the question can the hand you are dealt in life change you so drastically that you end up in a downward spiral and you can no longer be the person you once were. In the story, The thing without a name the character Popo was a carpenter in which the narrator came in contact with, however Popo never finished a task in which he began. This can be seen in the very beginning: “The only thing that Popo, who called himself a carpenter, ever built was a little galvanized-iron workshop under the mango tree at the back of his yard. And even that he didn’t quite finish.” (15) Popo was a man that struggled with the need to be accepted by his peers, those on Miguel street did not like Popo the considered “a man-woman. Not a proper man.” (17). He was also very insecure and didn’t have confidence in his profession even though he was so proud of his sign, “ Popo liked standing up in front of the sign. But he had a little panic...
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...Abstract Complete Streets 1. What is 2. How to make it successful 1) policy --Sets a vision, Specifies all users, All projects, Exceptions, Creates a network, All agencies and all roads, Design criteria, Context-sensitive, Performance measures, Implementation, 3. How planners work effectively in this process What is the Complete Streets? Complete Streets are designed and operate for everyone, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and other transit riders. The principle of Complete Streets is to create pedestrians, bicyclists and other forms of transit can safely co-exist. By adopting a Complete Streets policy, communities can offer the entire right way to enable safe access for all users, regardless of age, ability, or mode of...
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...SETTING 5 MAJOR CHARACTERS 7 Titus Hoyt 7 Laura (The Maternity Instinct) 9 Man-Man 10 MAJOR THEMES 13 Domestic Violence 13 Ambition 14 Gender Roles 17 Personal Views 19 Conclusion 23 INTRODUCTION The noble laureate V.S. Naipaul started his career as a freelance writer with his first written work of fiction; Miguel Street in the year 1959. Miguel Street is a semi-autobiographical novel set in war-time Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Naipaul wrote this novel while he was employed in the BBC. Miguel Street won the 1961 Somerset Maugham Award. As Trinidad is V.S. Naipaul’s childhood home, he minutely observed its tradition and culture. The readers are introduced to a galaxy of characters with different professions and features. They love to live in illusions and meet failures at every stage of their life. The whole novel is narrated by an unnamed fatherless boy who himself is a part of a group of kids on Miguel Street. He uses a humorous and satirist tone to describe the people who make up Miguel Street. The whole novel is divided into seventeen episodes and each episode describes the life and its situations targeting one character at a time. This approach of picking up one character at a time made this work easy to understand. The novel contains a number of characters with great ambitions that never went anywhere and are only left to be recorded in books. The novel is written in the first person...
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...Streets in the sky: A naïve proposal or a brilliant manifesto? Humanity has come through many events before it got to this point we are right now. W hat come in between of the years are constant changes in our lives. Changes are inevitable, but has it done any good to us? In the sense of architecture, changes may refer to ‘tradition and modernity’. Tradition held us up to the point we are at right now while modernity sees the flaw of it then attempt to refine it, until one day modernity itself turns into another tradition that one overlooks. Being in the time where architecture has gone through different traditions, it is sad to say that what used to have the ‘wow’ factor no longer put people in awe. Instead, what people nowadays prefer are posh CGIs of new developments, heavily rendered, put on a site without immediate context. That triggers the question, have we changed so much until we don’t recognise what is aesthetically beautiful and what not? And one would question the position of the architect himself, are they no longer the dominant figure like they used to be? It seems that we have forgotten how satisfying it is to appreciate a ‘real’ building, like how a space would give you chill down the spine. Fortunately, due to the unsatisfied nature of human being, the need to look for a fresh subject emerges. We constantly need fresh subjects to come into our lives, no matter if its something from the past or the future. In the current society p eople tend ...
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...Tuesday, September 3rd, 2013 Literature Homework- Write 5 examples of literary concepts/devices used in Miguel Street and 3 pieces of supporting evidence for each. Simile Bogart’s fame spread like fire through Port of Spain and hundreds of young men began adoptiong the harboiled Bogartian attitude. –This sentence refers to how quickly Bogart’s fame spread, similar to that of a wild fire which can spread very quickly. “He Smart like hell”- Hat (Pg11) Chapter I- Hat is referring to Bogart intelligence being similar to the strong blazing fires of hell. In Elias’s mouth litritcher was the most beautiful word I heard. It sounded like something to eat, something rich like chocolate. (Ch.4 Pg 41)- The writer compared the sound of Elias’ words to that of chocolate. When people think of chocolate, they think its charming and pleasant to have. Imagery “George was short and fat. He had a grey moustache and a big belly. He looked harmless enough but he was always muttering to himself and cursing….”(Ch,3 page 26)-The narrator gives a vivid description of the appearance of George, for the readers to imagine exactly what he looked like. It also gives a short description of his character “He was like the donkey he had tied in front of his yard, grey and old and silent except when it brayed loudly” (Ch.3 Pg. 26)- The author is comparing the mysterious attributes of the donkey to the character, George. Geogre is like the donkey because he too displays characteristics of unexpected...
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...Wall Street It seems ironic that this film was set in the early 1980’s which was the same time that I was working for a privately owned Fortune 500 company. I gained a lot of experience with this company by learning how to handle different situations that would arise, but mostly how to work with a diversity of personalities. Both Fox and Gekko quoted “it’s another dog with fleas” and that reminded me of my feelings during this tenure of employment which was ‘it’s a dog eat dog world.” Our firm had a group of headhunters that would scour the colleges to bring new talent into the company. Every year we would receive a group of sales trainees and they would work in various departments learning the business from the bottom up. We were privileged to host these young men (there was never a female trainee at that time) for a period of six weeks. Many would start the program ready to tackle the world. They were aware of the fact that “if you do good, you get perks.” These perks could include that “corner office with a view” or a prime sales territory. Any advantage the trainees could achieve over one another worked to the benefit. It was apparent that there was indeed “trench warfare out there.” As I would work with these young men, who were often the same age as myself, I could sense an undertone of greed. Hey had but one goal, and that was to succeed in the company. There were two young men that really caught my attention and I feel helped to mold me into the manager...
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...FILIPINO FOOD STREET October 25, 2011 // By Caryl Estrosas Posted in: Asia // Food / Drinks // Philippines When in Rome, do as the Romans do—an advice fitting for any travelers visiting a foreign land. So, when you are in the Philippines, testing your palate with the Filipino street foods, while not necessary, is commendable. Not only would it be fun to try the unique local dishes, but it is a great way to immerse and understand the Filipino culture. It is easy to spot street food vendors; where there are churches, schools, recreational parks, or jeepney terminals, you will also see kiosks, makeshift stalls, or food carts. In suburbs, you will see vendors or hawkers with their bicycles or push carts almost everywhere. Street food is a way of life for many people in this part of the globe. It is a source of income for many Filipino families—some vendors testified that their street food businesses enable them to send their children to school. For students and working adults looking for inexpensive meal, street food satisfy them for just half-the price of a meal in any popular fast-food restaurant. Instead of dining in a restaurant for an authentic Filipino dish, why not go out in the street and have a quick bite. There is nothing more authentic than those food in the streets—untouched with the modern culinary flair. You will not only get to enjoy the food, but you get to join the locals who are eating with much gusto. Let you save couple of...
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...Illegal Street Racing In America Car enthusiasts all over the world take part in illegal street racing. Street racing is a part of history and has been around as long as the automobile itself. The dangers and consequences are high, but it is only exceeded by the excitement and entertainment that one gets from competition. Racing, which is usually done at the racetrack, has easily found its way to the local streets. Drag racing is the most common form of illegal racing. What is supposed to be a quarter mile has transformed into light-to-light street racing. Traffic racing can also be seen on a day-to-day basis. Cars weave in and out of each other and try to get past ever one during rush hour. These types of street racing seem to serve as a means to entertain. To some driving fast is fun, why else would there be cars such as Ferrari, Lamborghini and Porsche? If these cars were made for just modes of transportation then why are they not built to go the speed limit or have a top speed of seventy-five. Simple, because these cars were built for speed as well as entertainment. Consumers can spend up to millions of dollars on a single car because ordinary just isn't fun. The most ideal area for street racing would be on the back roads outside of the city. Every once in a while this will occur, but this kind of racing happens very rarely. Every town will have its own spots for cruising, sometimes "the spot” is a main street, and other times it's a big loop that goes around a...
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...Henson. Sesame workshop uses combinations of puppets, animation, and live actors to stimulate young children's minds to improve their letter and word recognition, basic mathematics, geometric forms, classification, simple problem solving, and socialization via segments of children or people in everyday life. Sesame Workshop’s shows were highly educative for children since it first introduced in America; still it was very popular in more than 150 countries. 20 different languages were used to broadcast in different country with great success where they used local actors, writers, musicians, animation, and sets. Also English version or English dubbed version were telecasting over various country. Sesame Workshop was the producer of Sesame Street, the highly acclaimed children’s educational show. By 2001, the show was broadcast in almost 150 countries, making Sesame Workshop the largest single teacher of young children in the world. International revenue represented about 20% of total revenue. The Master mind behind Sesame Workshop The show's format called for the humans to be intermixed with the segments of animation, live-action shorts and...
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