...remotely (hosted, "cloud" or "as a service"). WAFs are deployed in front of Web servers to protect Web applications against hackers' attacks, to monitor access to Web applications, and to collect access logs for compliance/auditing and analytics. WAFs are most often deployed in-line, as a reverse proxy, because historically it was the only way to perform some in-depth inspections. Other deployment modes exist, such as transparent proxy, bridge mode, or the WAF being positioned out of band (OOB) and, therefore, working on a copy of the network traffic. The primary WAF benefit is providing protection for custom Web applications that would otherwise go unprotected by other technologies that guard only against known exploits and prevent vulnerabilities in off-the-shelf Web application software...
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...WOMEN UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NAMES : Nyaradzo Mudzana Edgar Muzulu W150766 Fiso Ncube Cherubin Mahova PROGRAMME : Master of Science in Development Studies - INTAKE 10 : Weekend COURSE : Disaster and Livelihoods Management LECTURER : Dr S.Mombeshora QUESTION Discuss the application of the Sustainable application of the Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of one African country DUE DATE : 10 October 2015 Introduction There are several approaches to disaster risk reduction. These include the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, the Ecosystem Approach, the Community Participation Approach and the Integrated Approach.This essay seeks to discuss the relevance of the application of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of Zimbabwe as a strategy of improving communities’ resilience to drought. In doing so, the essay will also seek to analyse if there are no inherent weaknesses that may call for improvements in policy processes and governance structures. Definition of Terms Disaster: This is a severe alteration in the normal functioning of a community or a society due to hazardous physical events interacting...
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...the lead implementing agency of the government’s Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). It undertakes land tenure improvement, development of beneficiaries, land surveys in resettlement areas, land acquisition and distribution and delivery of support services to farmer beneficiaries. Ten dimensions were assessed under the Integrity Development Review Project namely, Leadership, Code of Conduct, Gifts and Benefits Policy, Human Resource Management, Financial Management, Performance Management, Whistleblowing, Internal Reporting and Investigation, Corruption Risk Management, and Interface with the External Environment. The assessment provided a thorough diagnosis of corruption vulnerability and resistance, availability of control mechanisms and the effectiveness of existing systems. Agency strengths include compliance to minimum standards of laws pertinent to corruption prevention except for Gifts and Benefits and Whistleblowing and Internal Reporting, which are both fairly new concepts being integrated into government systems. The agency has a fairly high rating for Human Resources Management as it has achieved level of enforcement of policies required in this dimension. For Performance Management and Financial Management, adaptation and deployment of relevant approaches were achieved. Among the many good practices in the agency include setting of organizational values, directions and performance expectations; utilizing a Manual of Operations as guide for standard operating...
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...developed in the literature as well as insights drawn from research related to Hurricane Katrina. Each model illustrates some aspect of the spectrum of disaster preparedness and recovery, beginning with risk perception and vulnerability assessments, and proceeding to notions of resiliency and capacity building. Concepts like social resilience are related to theories of ‘‘social capital,’’ which stress the importance of social networks, reciprocity, and interpersonal trust. These allow individuals and groups to accomplish greater things than they could by their isolated efforts. We trace two contrasting notions of community to Tocqueville. On the one hand, community is simply an aggregation of individual persons, that is, a population. As individuals, they have only limited capacity to act effectively or make decisions for themselves, and they are strongly subject to administrative decisions that authorities impose on them. On the other hand, community is an autonomous actor, with its own interests, preferences, resources, and capabilities. This definition of community has also been embraced by community-based participatory researchers and has been thought to offer an approach that is more active and advocacy oriented. We conclude with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of community in disaster response...
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...in the activity. Next they are going to have their line for the voting. There are 11 computers available to use in voting. The facilitators are going to assist and help to become the voting process is organize, after they vote facilitator put an indelible ink to their fingertip so recognize whose already voted. And lastly the voter can go home. Specific Objective: * To have a new process of voting by means of electronic voting. * To help the staff and facilitator to make the voting process easier and faster. * To open the mind and give the youth an idea to the new way of voting by means of electronic voting. Scope & Limitation All programs have their own weakness and strength. I identify several problems including unauthorized privilege escalation, vulnerabilities to network threats, and poor software development...
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...Smart-phones have become part of human life. As smartphones become more powerful and usage rises, Smartphone makers have a much wider range of innovation possibilities than their PC counterparts. The personal nature and pocket size of mobile phones and their potential offer a wide scope for developing distinctive handset models targeted at a specific segment of the smart-phone market. The mobile application market’s growth is driven by the widespread push of advanced handset capabilities by the mobile industry and the increasingly-connected global consumer base. Progress of network technologies, restructuring of revenue-sharing pattern, lowering of mobile data usage cost, growing adoption of smart phones, and increase in application usability have contributed to the growth of mobile application adoption globally. This trend has led to substantial surge in the dependence and usage of the mobile Internet, specifically mobile applications. Mobile Application Development is the method by which application software is produced for low power handling devices, mobile devices, and other small digital equipment. As this technological development continues to gain momentum, it's quickly turning into one of the most powerful industries in the world. Majority of the mobile application testers tend to focus more on testing the product against client requirements – Functional testing and pay less attention to Non-Functional testing. Mobile Application testers also tend to neglect security...
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... Davina Fogle University Maryland College University CSEC640 Monitoring, Auditing, Intrusion Detection, Intrusion Prevention, and Penetration Testing November 9, 2014 Contents Introduction: 3 Review of paper #1 4 Article Citation: 4 Summary: 4 Analysis: 4 What are the article’s main contributions and strengths? 4 Are there any weaknesses and limitations? 5 Are there possible improvements? 6 How does the article compare or contrast with other articles that the class has read so far? What concepts, ideas, or techniques read elsewhere strengthen or weaken this paper? 7 Discussion/Conclusion: 8 Review of paper #2 9 Article Citation: 9 Summary: 9 Analysis: 10 What are the article’s main contributions and strengths? 10 Are there any weaknesses and limitations? 11 Are there possible improvements? 11 How does the article compare or contrast with other articles that the class has read so far? What concepts, ideas, or techniques read elsewhere strengthen or weaken this paper? 12 Discussion/Conclusion: 13 Introduction: I am writing a Review paper on the following articles: * Collin Jackson et al., “Protecting Browsers from DNS Rebinding Attacks”, In Proceedings of ACM CCS, 2009. * Robin Sommer and Vern Paxson, “Enhancing...
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...The primary effects of hurricanes are that they are one of the most destructive natural hazards, both in terms of frequency and death toll. They pose a major threat to coastal areas, related to the storm surge threat. They are a multiple hazard, since loss of life and property can be a result of one of several factors; Heavy rain, High wind velocity, Storm surge, as a result of the above and low central pressure they also include secondary effects, Flooding, landslides, and related damage. Impacts are a function of when and where the hurricane hits. Storm Surges a storm surge is a large dome of water, 50-100miles wide, which sweeps across the coastline near where the hurricane makes landfall. It is water pushed towards the shore by the force of the winds swirling around the storm, and the drop in pressure (260mm sea level rise for a 30mb fall in pressure) The surge combines with the normal tide to create a storm tide, and wind waves are then superimposed upon this. It can be more than 15ft deep. Most of the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts lie less than 10ft above sea level; therefore at risk. The major danger is from flooding, particularly when coinciding with natural high tides. This causes great potential for loss of life. They not only damage structures, but the debris which they carry is dangerous too. External debris can become deadly missiles in the wind force. Damage to tall objects, esp. power lines, telephone cables can cause disruption. High rise buildings are at risk from...
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...Effective and efficient management through Cultural Intelligence Training With the widespread application of Globalization, the accelerating driving force of information technology, outstanding advanced new transportation systems, increasing migrated work force seeking greener pasture, limitless academic boundary of intellectual and intelligentsia, working cross borders, brain drain of developing countries towards developed countries, human trafficking, the global communication traffic has progressively extended. In that situation, living in an unfamiliar social environment demands other considerable matters, adaptable behaviour and attitude, heavily depending on cultural intelligence. Development of Cultural Intelligence is relying on the following resources, accompanied with practising and training. (1) For head/ cognitive communication, immediate recognition of dos’ and don’ts of different cultures, including one’s own culture, as well as belief, traditional behaviour, taboo established on them. (2) For body / physical communication, appreciation and acknowledgement on working colleagues and guests with different religious backgrounds and races, as well as foreign countries where one’s businesses are based and operated. Understanding others’ cultures and accepting them willingly after removing and cutting improper ethical limits, promoting communications through significant definition of physical behaviours reflecting the readiness to enter into their social environment...
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...to private school. Even though the cost was difficult to manage, she decides to work multiple jobs and relies on her parents to care for her children in order to pay for schooling. Wes may not instantly realize this, but he is slowly being influenced by his mother’s characteristics of determination and strength, in which he will soon apply to himself as time progresses. After seeing Wes’s grades dropping in school due to his lack of confidence in his abilities , she then makes the decision of sending the author to Valley Forge Military Academy – leading up to her breaking point. “The final straw came one evening while she sat downstairs on the phone listening to my dean from Riverdale explain why they were placing me on academic and disciplinary probation” (Moore 87). As an adolescent, expectations begin to emerge from our loved ones, and with a natural instinct we often choose to use it as a stepping stone towards our development, just as the author states, “The expectations that others place on us, help us to form our expectations of ourselves” (Moore 126). Wes Moore the author notes that our surrounding expectations affect our subconscious greatly due to our natural adoption of other...
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...2824 NON-ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES –AN APPROACH TOWARD EARTHQUAKE RISK PREDUCTION Anand S ARYA1 SUMMARY The paper first discusses some issues in regard to earthquake risk reduction of Non-engineered buildings, such as : Earthquake risk in developing countries and its management, the IDNDR – Yokoyama message emphasising on pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness, earthquake damage reduction initiatives taken such as preparation of building codes and guidelines and disaster mitigation for sustainable development. Then, the major causes of severe damage observed in nonengineered buildings in the past earthquakes are presently briefly and critical elements to be incorporated in new constructions are highlighted. Methodology for seismic retrofitting of stone houses developed, implemented and verified by the author in the field is introduced. Next, costs and benefits of earthquake prevention measures are indicated. Finally a practically feasible and economically viable scheme of earthquake resistant new building construction and seismicretrofitting of existing unsafe buildings is outlined. INTRODUCTION The non-engineered buildings considered in this paper are those which are spontaneously and informally constructed in various countries in the traditional manner without any or little intervention by qualified architects and engineers in their design. Such buildings involve field stone, fired brick, concrete blocks, adobe or rammed earth, wood...
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...latent global products. Localization vs Adaptation Localization: * Changes that are required for the product to function in a new market. Without localization the product cannot compete because it will not be able to function properly. It will be rejected immediately. NOTE: A standardized product still needs to be localized to function properly. Adaption: * Changes that are required to match customers’ preferences so that the customer will choose you over a competitor Standardization Pros/Advantages * Cost Reduction * Improved Quality * Enhanced Customer Preference * Global Customers * Global Segments Cons/Disadvantages * Off-Target * Lack of Uniqueness * Vulnerability to Trade Barriers * Strong Local Competitors Optimal Level...
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...Economic integration, process in which two or more states in a broadly defined geographic area reduce a range of trade barriers to advance or protect a set of economic goals. The level of integration involved in an economic regionalist project can vary enormously from loose association to a sophisticated, deeply integrated, transnationalized economic space. It is in its political dimension that economic integration differs from the broader idea of regionalism in general. Although economic decisions go directly to the intrinsically political question of resource allocation, an economic region can be deployed as a technocratic tool by the participating government to advance a clearly defined and limited economic agenda without requiring more than minimal political alignment or erosion of formal state sovereignty. The unifying factor in the different forms of economic regionalism is thus the desire by the participating states to use a wider, transnationalized sense of space to advance national economic interests. Forms of economic integration Although there are many different forms of economic integration, perhaps the most convenient way to order the concept is to think of a continuum that ranges from loose association at one end to an almost complete merging of national economies at the other end. Although it is far from a given that positive experiences in the simpler forms of economic integration will lead to a deepening of the process to increasingly integrated shared economic...
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...HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND RISK ANALYSIS This paper describes how preimpact conditions act together with event-specific conditions to produce a disaster’s physical and social impacts. These disaster impacts can be reduced by emergency management interventions. In addition, this chapter discusses how emergency managers can assess the preimpact conditions that produce disaster vulnerability within their communities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of vulnerability dynamics and methods for disseminating hazard/vulnerability data. Introduction A disaster occurs when an extreme event exceeds a community’s ability to cope with that event. Understanding the process by which natural disasters produce community impacts is important for four reasons. First, information from this process is needed to identify the preimpact conditions that make communities vulnerable to disaster impacts. Second, information about the disaster impact process can be used to identify specific segments of each community that will be affected disproportionately (e.g., low income households, ethnic minorities, or specific types of businesses). Third, information about the disaster impact process can be used to identify the event-specific conditions that determine the level of disaster impact. Fourth, an understanding of disaster impact process allows planners to identify suitable emergency management interventions. The process by which disasters produce community impacts can be explained in terms of...
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...International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 9(2), 1-19, April-June 2013 1 Factors Influencing Citizen Adoption of E-Government in Developing Countries: The Case of Jordan Omar Al Hujran, Department of Management Information Systems, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan Anas Aloudat, Department of Management Information Systems, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Ikhlas Altarawneh, Prince Sultan College for Business & Tourism, Al-Faisal University, Abha, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT The main purposes of this study are to investigate citizen adoption of e-government services in Jordan and to explore factors affecting the level of adoption of e-government services. Importantly, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework that is based on previous literature of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in order to examine the relationships between certain factors (government trustworthiness, service quality and citizen satisfaction) and citizen adoption of e-government services. A self-administered questionnaire was used to capture data from 356 Jordanian citizens across the country randomly. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, citizen satisfaction and trustworthiness are significant predictors of the Jordanian intention to use an e-government service. The results also showed that the service quality dimensions: responsiveness, reliability, and empathy have significant impacts on the citizen satisfaction...
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