...have to be improved over time, as employees are more demanding about their concerns and their needs than in previous times. ‘Motivational strategies are probably affected the most employee concerns and values’ (Greiner 1986, p. 82). Motivation is able to affect outputs of your business concerns in both quality and quantity. For example, if your business is in manufacturing, it is heavily reliant on the production staff to make sure the good is being produced with quality and in quantity and on the right time. However, if the employees lack the motivation needed to do this task, they will not produce the amounts of goods demanded, therefore being costly towards the business. In the essay below, we will be discussing whether the needs theories of motivation compare to the contemporary management practice. McClelland anticipated that a person's needs are attained over time as a result of life situations (Wood et al. p. 146). Majority of the experiences three different sectors of needs, which can be classified as the need for achievement, the need for affiliation or the need for power. The strengths about McClelland’s acquired needs theory is that it gives us a clear and easy to understand picture for an organization and managers to know how to classify their employees therefore putting better uses to the employees skills. The article states that, persons who have strong sense of needs are better off than persons without (Wagner & Swanson 1979, p. 66). McClelland states...
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...behaviors. For instance: An individual has not eaten, he or she feels hungry, as a response he or she eats and diminishes feelings of hunger. Motivation- the concept According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, a motive is “something (a need or desire) that causes a person to act.” Motivate, in turn means “to provide with a motive,” and motivation is defined as “the act or process of motivating.” Thus motivation is the act or process of providing motive that causes a person to take some action. In most cases motivation comes from some need that leads to behavior that results in some type of reward when the need is fulfilled. Rewards Rewards can take two forms. They can either intrinsic/internal rewards or extrinsic/external rewards. Intrinsic rewards are derived from within the individual. For a healthcare employee this could mean taking pride and feeling good about a job well done (e.g. providing excellent patient care). Extrinsic rewards pertain to rewards that are given by another person, such as a healthcare organization giving bonuses to teams of workers when quality and patient satisfaction are demonstrated to be exceptional. Senior Managers Senior Manager is a title given in a large company with a perceived need for additional levels in its management structure. In a hierarchy, Senior Manager falls between Manager and General Manger. The Senior Manager, like all managers, is responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals,...
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...University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science and Rotman School of Management RSM 260H1S – Organizational Behaviour Duration: 110 minutes Aids allowed: one aid sheet (front side only of an 8.5”x11” piece of paper) Paper foreign language dictionary for international students Please answer all questions in this exam. Answers to the multiple choice questions need to be filled in on the scantron sheets (remember to use pencil to fill in the circles) and also circled on the exam itself. Answers to the short answer questions should go in the exam booklet provided. All three components (scantron sheets, exam booklets, paper copy of exam) should be turned in at the conclusion of the exam. This exam consists of 25 multiple choice questions, 10 true/false questions and 2 short answer essay questions – you must answer ALL questions. The exam consist of 9 pages (including cover sheet) Name: ___________________________________________________________ Student #: ___________________________________ Question | Grade | 25 multiple choice questions(2 points each) | /50 | 10 true/false questions(1 point each) | /10 | Essay question #1 | /20 | Essay question #2 | /20 | Total: | /100 | Note that all page numbers refer to the 8th edition of John and Saks SECTION 1: Multiple choice questions (25 questions x 2 points each = 50 points total) Answer all multiple-choice questions. Circle the ONE best answer to the question, and fill it in on your...
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...teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels. Before we get started, let’s define leadership. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, etc. gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization, this power does not make you a leader, it simply makes you the boss. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals, rather than simply bossing people around. Some personality traits may lead people naturally into leadership roles. This is the Trait Theory. o A crisis or important event may cause a person to rise to the occasion, which brings out extraordinary leadership qualities in an ordinary person. This is the Great Events Theory. o People can choose to become leaders. People can learn leadership skills. This is the Transformational Leadership Theory. It is the most widely accepted theory today and the premise on which this guide is based. When a person is deciding if she respects you...
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...Qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio...
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...show initiative in recruiting a diverse pool of applicants for their job openings. Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) A federal law that prohibits discrimination against employees over age 40. attitudes Cognitive and emotional appraisals that shape subsequent behavioral tendencies. attrition A reduction in the number of employees by not replacing those who leave. autonomy The level of freedom and independence a worker is given regarding work schedules and the procedures used to complete the job. availability A cognitive bias that causes an evaluator giving a performance review to place more importance on ecurring r factors, no matter how minor they are. Alderfer’s ERG theory A content motivation theory that divides core needs into three groups: existence, relatedness, and growth. baby boomers The generation born between 1946 and 1964. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) A federal law that requires employers of 15 or more employees to provide reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities and that prohibits discrimination against a qualified individual with a disability in hiring practices, testing, firing, promotion, job training, or regarding wages. behavioral competency Personality traits, interpersonal skills, and character dimensions that an employee possesses and that differentiate him or her from others. ambicultural leader A leader who can combine the best of many cultures while avoiding...
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...challenging work, Set clear targets and expectations and measure performance, Give regular, direct, supportive Feedback, Design people's roles so they can use their strengths, Enable input and choice in how work gets done, Reward them for their work 3. What is the theory of motivation? Motivation is an internal drive that activates behaviour and gives it direction. There is not one but many theories of motivation: Content theories, Process theories 4. If one beautiful girl/ smart boy who is working with you in the same floor and if she/ he is after you and don’t like to work how will you manage her/him? Call him/ her and tell him that I don’t like the person and being a HR professional counsel him and tell the consequences of being like that can affect the career. 5. How do you handle people, if some people come late and some people come regularly? Make the work timings flexible; handle it like a performance issue—show them benefits of coming early. 6. What is meant by culture of an organisation? It is a system of shared value and beliefs held by organizational members that unite the members of an organization and determine how they act. 7. What is Maslow theory of motivation? Maslow's Hierarchy of needs not only identifies five basic needs--it also shows how higher needs are not considered until...
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...Acknowledgement It is a great pleasure for me to acknowledge the assistance and contributions to this assignment; First of all I would like to thank to my lecturer Mr. Kanchana Wimalasurendra who helped me to understand the problems of the scenario that helped me to approach the problems confidently. I would like to acknowledge to the lecturers of ICBT Kandy Campus, my friends and the people who helped me to finish the assignment successfully. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge to the support, encouragement, and patient of my parents. Thank You Ahamed Rikaz Contents Introduction - 4 - Organizational Structure - 5 - Tools Used For Business Analysis - 10 - SWOT Analysis - 11 - New Steps In Strategic Plan - 19 - Market Analysis: - 19 - Risk management, Contingency plan - 26 - Impact of internet on the organizational environments and strategic planning - 28 - Utilization of Information System in Strategic Plan - 31 - Management Information Systems (MIS) - 32 - Discussion of appropriate IT tools - 42 - Recruitment and Employment - 55 - Future Considerations - 87 - Conclusion - 88 - Gantt chart - 89 - References - 90 - Introduction Today’s Managers have to be like artist. They work in a global economy where the relationships among nations and corporations, emerging economies, outstanding partners, and the fast-paced...
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...IB 2-4 Tasks 1-2 Week 1 Jones: Chapter 2 – Basic Challenges of Organizational Design Differentiation - differentiation = process by which an organization allocates people and resources to organizational tasks and establishes the task and authority relationships that allow the organization to achieve its goals à process of establishing and controlling the division of labor/the degree of specialization o necessary because of increased complexity with growth Organizational roles - - organizational role = set of task-related behaviors required of a person by his or her position in an organization à identifiable tasks and responsibilities allow for accountability o organization structure is based on interlocking roles authority = power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources à results from differentiation into individual organizational roles control = ability to coordinate and motivate people to work in the organization’s interests Subunits: Functions and Divisions - - function = subunit composed of a group of people, working together, who possess similar skills or use the same kind of knowledge, tools or techniques to perform their jobs à as organizations grow, they differentiate into 5 different kinds of functions: o support functions – facilitate control of relations with environment and stakeholders (purchasing, sales & marketing, public relations, legal affairs) ...
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...PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Table of Contents Ch# Title Page 1 Historical overview of Management ……………………………………………………… 1 2 Management and Managers ………………………………………………………………. 5 3 Managerial Roles in Organizations ……………………………………………………….. 7 4 Managerial Functions i.e. POLCA ………………………………………………………... 9 5 Managerial Levels and Skills ……………………………………………………………… 11 6 Management Ideas: Yesterday and Today ………………………………………………... 14 7 Classical View of Management (Scientific and Bureaucratic)……………………………… 16 8 Administrative View of Management ……………………………………………………. 19 9 Behavioral Theories of Management 20 10 Quantitative, Contemporary and Emerging Views of Management 23 11 System’s View of Management and Organization 25 12 Analyzing Organizational Environment and Understanding Organizational Culture …….. 29 13 21st Century Management Trends………………………………………………………… 32 14 Understanding Global Environment: WTO and SAARC ………………………………… 36 15 Decision Making and Decision Taking …………………………………………………… 39 16 Rational Decision Making ………………………………………………………………... 41 17 Nature and Types of Managerial Decisions ……………………………………………… 43 18 Non Rational Decision Making ………………………………………………………….. 45 19 Group Decision Making and Creativity ………………………………………………….. 47 20 Planning and Decision Aids-I …………………………………………………………… 50 21 Planning and Decision Aids-II …………………………………………………………… 53 22 Planning: Functions & Benefits ………………………………………………………….. 56 23 Planning Process and Goals Levels ………………………………………………………...
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...practitioners and managers with guidelines for enhancing employee motivation and job involvement respectively. JEL J28, M12 1 Introduction Motivating staff may be a critical factor in ensuring that an organisation thrives and succeeds in an increasingly competitive environment. The rationale is that, as employees become increasingly motivated to perform in their jobs, the likelihood of their becoming job involved increases significantly. Hence, the researchers postulate the existence of a direct relationship between motivation and job involvement. This suggests an important opportunity, that of using the valuable asset of human capital as a means of enhancing success in a turbulent and dynamic corporate environment. A new employee has a set of needs as well as a set of expectations of the organisation, which change and evolve over time. The extent to which these are satisfied determines the employee’s level of motivation to...
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...and systems of management, Types of skills, roles and modern challenges. Management Planning Process. Managerial decision Making Introduction to Organizing Organizational Structure and Its Dimensions. Different Types of Organizational Design and Their Advantages and Disadvantages. Nature and types of control in organizations. Introduction to Controlling Controlling Techniques, Types and its advantages & disadvantages. Control Process and its constituents. Introduction to Human Resource Management HRM planning & steps in planning process. HRM process Recruitment, selection, Training and development. Performance Appraisal and issues in human resources Leadership concept and some leadership theories. Leadership theories. Leadership Models. Leadership Development and Motivation. Motivational theories Suggested Readings: 1. Harold Koontz & Heinz Weihrich, Essentials of Management, Tata McGraw Hill 2. Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert Jr., Management, Prentice Hall 3. Bhatt & Kumar, Principles of Management, Oxford Publications PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT COURSE OVERVIEW Management is the organizational process that aids us in that many layers of management-particularly middle manage- creating a service or product from the raw materials we have at ment-are disappearing in modern organizations hand. It is the sum of the input processes that allow us to Managers, regardless of their particular job, generally all perform mold something useful from what otherwise is...
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...Introduction To Public Administration–MGT111 VU LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The course on Public Administration/Management has following objectives: Understand the concept of public administration/ management/organization Understand the evolution of the concept of public administration and its importance Understand the role of government Understand the role and core functions of public manager Understand the structure of government /organizations Create understanding about the skills required by the public manager in imparting duties Understand the changing role of government and role of public managers. Importance of Course: The course on public administration/management is important as every citizen must understand the functioning of government. Besides, whether one works in private or public organization, or one is doing ones own business or whatever the profession, this course is useful as it helps understand organizations and their functioning. It also helps us understand the environment in which we are working. Introduction: definitions, concepts & setting At the end of lecture the students should be able to understanding: • The meaning of PA • The practice of public administration (PA) • Public administration as a subject of study • Definition of Public administration • Public administration, democracy and rights of citizens The Meaning The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and ‘ministiare’ = serve and ‘Public’ =people...
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...in Organisations Copyright © Commonwealth of Learning, 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this course may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior permission in writing from: The Commonwealth of Learning 1285 West Broadway Suite 600 Vancouver, BC V6H 3X8 CANADA e-mail: info@col.org Dean Institute of Distance Learning New Library Building Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana Phone: +233-51-60013 Fax: +233-51-60014 E-mail: idldean@kvcit.org Web: www.fdlknust.edu.gh i 553 - Management in Organisations Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this course, learners will be able to: • • • • Explain the basic premises of management and public administration Compare different theories and approaches of organisation Distinguish behavioural patterns, advantages, disadvantages, and dysfunctions of bureaucracies Categorize the different management trends in the work environment. Topics • Introduction to Management and Organisational Behaviour • Individual and Group Behaviour in Organisations • Decision- making and Communications in Organisations • Leadership, Organisational Structure & Environment • Power and Politics • Organisational Culture • Organisational Change • Conflict and Negotiations ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 2 Structure of the Course........................................
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...MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE School of Business Kenyatta University – 43844 Nairobi TABLE CONTENT Page 1. Change Management ………………………….……….……….. 1 2. Leadership ………………………………………...……….……. 52 3. Inter Group Behavior and Conflict ……………….………….… 124 4. Power and Organizational Politics...……………….……….…… 161 Table and Figure Contents 1. Acronym Tropics Test …………….……………………………... 7 2. Self-esteem, Performance and Stress …………………………….. 16 3. Self-esteem, Performance and Change ……………………….….. 16 4. Stability Zones …………………..……………………………….. 18 5. The Coping Cycle ……………..…………………………………. 21 6. Quality Management …………………………………………….. 26 7. Forces of Change ………………………………………. ..……... 32 8. Kinds of Organizational Change …………………………....……. 37 9. Dealing with Resistance to Change ……….………….……..…… 41 10. Methods of Overcoming Resistance to Change …………………. 43 11. Comparison Between Leadership and Management …………….. 57 12. Three Leadership Patterns, their Location in the Organization and Their Skill Requirements ……………………………….…… 61 13. Hersy and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Model: Defining Maturity and Four Leadership Styles…………….…..… 65 14. Relationships in the LPC Contingency Mode ……………………. 69 15. Casual Relationship for Supportive Leadership on Subordinate Effort ……………………………………………………………... 74 16. Casual Relationship of Effects of Directive Leadership Behaviour on Subordinate Effort ……………………………………………. 76 17. Path-Goal...
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