...in police work, there are many health and safety issues surrounding policing as an occupation. Police officers may be exposed to different health and safety risks in their occupation. For example, police officers are at risk of assault and homicide; the dynamics of policing as an occupation creates opportunities for them to experience many psychosocial hazards such as stress, suicide, sexual harassment, and discrimination. It is important that research be completed on the health and safety issues of police officers in order to identify hazards and identify ways to reduce risk. The failure to identify and solve health and safety concerns of officers has potentially serious consequences for the health and well being of officers and their families. These consequences can include depression, divorce, suicide, and disease. Not addressing the health and safety issues associated with policing may also impact the general public. For example, if an officer is stressed or fatigued he/she may not perform his/her duties to the best of his/her ability reducing the contribution of policing to the community. Police officer fatigue might also increase the potential for a car accident, thus putting the public at risk. This essay provides a review of some of the existing research on the occupational health and safety risks that police officers may...
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... Man- is a living system, with internal and external environment Information and matter exchange continuously from one environment to the other. With in the body itself each organ, tissue , or cell is a system or subsystem with internal and external environment Each exchange information. This communication/interaction- dynamic balance or steady state. Health promotion is impt =fostering awareness influencing attitudes and identifying alternatives so that people can make choices to achieve optimal level of physical and mental health. Health of man are affected by diff risk factors such as Genetic or biologic= age, race and family history Behavioral its lifestyle- stress/diet/lack of exercise/smoking/drugs/uncleanliness Internal Constancy Constancy – ( Fluid bathing the cells) is maintained by both physiologic and biochemical processes Homeostasis –necessary adjustment body can rapidly make to maintain its internal composition Adaptation –responses the individual make to function adequately under changed conditions of the environment Maintenance of steady state to the health of man is under the control of the body regulating processes. The compensatory mech are always on operation to...
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...physical, social, and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (Nutbeam, 1998, p. 351). Health promotion is "the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health" (World Health Organization, n.d.). Health promotion includes different focuses with different levels of involvement and services aimed at providing information and education to individuals, families and communities. The goal is to help people change behaviors and lifestyles to help prevent illness and disease. Encouraging individuals to engage in a proactive approach geared towards a sense of well being and healthy living, changing one's lifestyle to move towards a state of optimal health is also a goal of health promotion (Edelman, Mandle, 2011). Additionally, health promotion includes efforts to encourage individuals, families, and communities to take an active role in taking steps to protect themselves from diseases, improving and maintaining their health, which will ultimately improve their quality of life. Involving people in their healthcare aims to promote a sense of empowerment and hopefully will compel them to make lifestyle changes that will contribute to their quality of life. A major, essential role for nurses is that of education, which includes promoting health and wellness, therefore improving quality of life. Another objective of health promotion is preventing disease, rather than treating it. The nurse's role is changing from an acute...
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...Title OVERVIEW Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition that is caused by plaque build-up in the arteries to the heart. The plaque creates a blockage in those arteries, decreasing the amount of blood flow and oxygen that the heart needs to function properly (Julian et al. 1998, as cited by Tully, Baker, Turnbull, & Winefield, p.281). Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Heart catheterizations, stent insertions, valve replacements, and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) are types of surgical interventions used to repair heart damage. Today, cardiac surgery is a common event, but for the person undergoing the procedure, depression and anxiety can play a large role in the recovery process. When the patient learns he must have heart surgery, many feelings and emotions come...
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...seen in many areas of modern life such as clinical, health, educational, occupational and forensic settings. For this reason, in the western world personality is viewed as an important aspect or characteristic of a person, which people are forever seeking advice on how to change and improve (Brody & Ehrlichman, 1998). The use of psychological tests attempting to measure individual differences related to occupational behaviours have been used for over 60 years (Furnham, 1992). Frequently, they are used for selection and appraisal due to the vast number of applicants, the high costs of interviewing and the necessity for objective, comparative data (Hogan, Hogan & Roberts, 1996). Recent research in personnel psychology has relied on meta- analysis to develop generalizations about personality characteristics that are characteristic of success in job- related contexts. Accordingly, relating measures of the Big Five to job performance measures suggest that conscientiousness is the personality trait that is consistently related to measures of work- related performance (Barrick & Mount, 1991) and people who obtain high scores tend to be rated highly by supervisors and to be viewed as being more competent employees than those who obtain a low score on conscientiousness. While the use of such measures is fair, eliminating corruption and favouritism, it is evident how personality measures can prove useful within organisations, but with the disadvantages in mind...
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...systemic rheumatic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. The exact cause or causes of (SLE) is unknown, however genetic factors, gender, ethnic origin, and environmental factors have all been implicated in its development. Earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment options have significantly improved survival rates and life quality. Medical and pharmacologic treatment is usually tailored to the specific symptoms or organ systems that are involved due to its unpredictability and range of manifestations. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus affects primarily women of childbearing age and mostly in Asian, African American, and Hispanic populations. Treatment options include steroids, antimalarial drugs, and immunosuppressive agents. This overview will examine the etiology and effects of Lupus, how it impacts fertility and pregnancy in women, and life quality and expectancy. Various treatment options and alternative treatment methods will be discussed; considerations for employment and rehabilitation will be reviewed, as well as the future of therapeutic approaches. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Introduction The name “Lupus” is Latin for wolf and may have first been used to describe the lesions that resembled the bite marks and scratches made by a wolf's attack. The term “Lupus Erythematosus” was first introduced by physicians in the nineteenth century to describe skin lesions. Over one hundred years later it was realized that this disease does not only affect the...
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...criteria for 2 or more disorders, with severity strongly related to comorbidity. Mental disorders are diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) here in the U.S. The DSM-IV-TR explains that a multiaxial system involves an assessment on several axes, which refer to a different domain of information that may help the clinician plan treatment and possibly predict the outcome (Association, 2000). The five axes included in the DSM-IV multi-axial classification are as listed: * Axis I: Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions That Need Clinical Attention. * Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. * Axis III: General Medical Conditions. * Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems * Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). As stated in the DSM-IV-TR “the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale is a 100-point scale that measures a person’s overall level of psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a continuum” (Association, 2000). Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling mental illness characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including: abnormal thinking, loss of contact with reality, and hallucinations. This illness usually starts in late adolescence or early adulthood,...
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...PN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING EDITION . CO NT ASTERY SERI ES TM N E R EV MOD IE W LE U PN Mental Health Nursing Review Module Edition 9.0 CONtriButOrs Sheryl Sommer, PhD, RN, CNE VP Nursing Education & Strategy Janean Johnson, MSN, RN Nursing Education Strategist Sherry L. Roper, PhD, RN Nursing Education Strategist Karin Roberts, PhD, MSN, RN, CNE Nursing Education Coordinator Mendy G. McMichael, DNP, RN Nursing Education Specialist and Content Project Coordinator Marsha S. Barlow, MSN, RN Nursing Education Specialist Norma Jean Henry, MSN/Ed, RN Nursing Education Specialist eDitOrial aND PuBlisHiNg Derek Prater Spring Lenox Michelle Renner Mandy Tallmadge Kelly Von Lunen CONsultaNts Deb Johnson-Schuh, RN, MSN, CNE Loraine White, RN, BSN, MA PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg i PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg review Module editioN 9.0 intellectual Property Notice ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC Copyright © 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All rights reserved. The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations, graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual property rights or licenses...
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...TEST PLAN 2010 NCLEX-RN Detailed Test Plan ® Effective | April 2010 Item Writer/Item Reviewer/Nurse Educator Version Mission Statement The National Council of State Boards of Nursing, composed of member boards, provides leadership to advance regulatory excellence for public protection. Purpose and Functions The purpose of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN ) is to provide an organization through which boards of nursing act and counsel together on matters of common interest and concern affecting the public health, safety and welfare, including the development of licensing examinations in nursing. ® The major functions of NCSBN include developing the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN examinations, performing policy analysis and promoting uniformity in relationship to the regulation of nursing practice, disseminating data related to NCSBN’s purpose and serving as a forum for information exchange for NCSBN members. ® ® Copyright© 2010 National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN) All rights reserved. NCSBN , NCLEX , NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN are registered trademarks of NCSBN and this document may not be used, reproduced or disseminated to any third party without written permission from NCSBN. ® ® ® ® Permission is granted to boards of nursing to use or reproduce all or parts of this document for licensure related purposes only. Nonprofit education programs have permission to use or reproduce all or parts of this document for educational purposes...
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...psychosocial interventions for suicidal adolescents.' d to find reasons behind teen suicide. According to the Centers for Disease Control (2007), suicide is the third leading cause of death for youth ages 15- 24 accounting for 12.9% of all deaths annually. In 2007, the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey reported that 14.5% of teens in America had seriously considered suicide and 6% actually made an attempt. Over the years, many experiments for interventions have been conducted to stop teens from harming themselves. However, it appears that interventions are only slightly effective in helping suicidal teens and may also increase self-harm and suicidal attempts over long term. The methods used for this psychosocial intervention review were published and unpublished experimental and quasi-experimental designs. The participants were adolescents age 10-18 presented with suicidal thoughts or suicidal behavior. The types of outcome measures were self- report, standardized measures of suicide, including attempts. Coding sheets for each study included information on sample, intervention, and methodological characteristics. All statistical analyzes were performed with NCSS 2007 statistical and power analysis software, which is a multi-purpose statistical package with procedures for conducting meta-analyses. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Study designs included 7 quasi- experimental and 10 experimental designs and involved a range of interventions. Participants...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Christa Hackett SOC 313 Sabrina Geoffrion June 17, 2013 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, incurable condition of carbohydrate metabolism that involves an imbalance of the supply and demand for insulin; it is the most common of all endocrine conditions (Laffel & Wood, 2007; Olefsky, 2001). Diabetes is a common health condition that affects millions throughout the universe. Diabetes affects millions of people in different and diverse ethnic groups. In the United States diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death. Diabetes is a growing problem in the US and it is becoming an epidemic. There are 3 types of diabetes mellitus, Type-1, Type-2, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent and accounts for at least 10% of diagnosed cases. In Type 1 diabetes the immune system makes it hard for the body to produce insulin. With no insulin the body cannot transform sugar from food into nutrients for cells. When excess sugar collects in the blood stream, it may eventually cause premature death and heavy damage to organs. Type-1 diabetes can affect adults and children suddenly and require supplemental insulin, a carefully planned diet and exercise regimen. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in young adults, teenagers, and children. Type 1 diabetes happens when the body’s immune system strike and destroys cells in the pancreas, the organ which is located behind the lower part of the stomach. These beta cells commonly produce insulin, the hormone...
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...the trials and tribulations faced by the female military member will place attention on the psychological and psychosocial transactions that occur during military operations and the challenges women face. Expansion of this topic will include a dialogue that offers insight into the growing concerns shaping the outcomes of the female member’s deployment to include military sexual trauma, eating disorders, depression, substance abuse, adjustment disorders, sleep disturbances and spiritual and existential struggles. Although this topic will only provide a brief glimpse into the female veteran’s plight it opens up a forum for further discussions within this topic with the intentions of highlighting the effects of combat deployment on women veterans who served on the front lines. Women Veterans: The Effects of Combat Deployment The participation of women deployed to combat areas throughout the world is vital to the successful outcomes of any mission. Women in the military are well trained and possess specific military skills invaluable to combat maneuvers and infantry tactics. Many branches of the military capitalize on these attributes that either mirror the skills of their male counterparts or exceed them. The challenges faced by women soldiers and sailors in combat are not so comparable and are in some respects considerably different. The psychological and psychosocial elements are strikingly...
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...This is intended as a guide and not all inclusive. The material for OB Exam 1 will be over Chapters 9,10, 11, 12, 19, 20 in your textbook. Chapter 9 1. Intimate Partner Violence- the actual or threatened physical or sexual violence or psychological/emotional abuse. It includes threats of physical or sexual violence when the threat is used to CONTROL a person’s actions a. Incidence pg. 215 b. Definitions c. Characteristics pg. 216 d. Types of Abuse/Violence pg. 217- emotional, physical, financial and sexual e. The Cycle of Violence- box 9.1 pg. 217; pg. 216-217 paragraph i. Phase 1- Tension building ii. Phase 2- Acute battering iii. Phase 3- Honeymoon f. Myths and Facts About Intimate Partner Violence- pg. 217-218; Table 9.1 pg. 218 g. Victims/Abuser Profiles pg. 217-218 h. How Intimate Partner Violence affects Pregnant Women pg.218-219 i. Nursing Care and Management (p. 220-225) j. Sexual Violence and Abuse pg. 225 iv. Terms- pt. 225 - sexual abuse, incest, rape, female genital mutilation, human trafficking v. Myths and Facts about Rape Table- ph. 227 Table 9.2 vi. Nursing Management and Teaching needed Chapter 10 2. Fetal Development k. Stages-pg. 238- preembryonic (fertilization through the second week) , embryonic (end of the second week through the eighth week), and fetal (end of eighth week until birth) l. Vocabulary ...
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...Sweden ¨ Submitted for publication: 19 July 2004 Accepted for publication: 1 February 2005 Correspondence: Margaretha Jerlock Institute of Nursing The Sahlgrenska Academy Goteborg University ¨ Box 457, SE-40530 Goteborg ¨ Sweden Telephone: þ46 31 773 60 39 E-mail: margaretha.jerlock@fhs.gu.se 956 J E R L O C K M , G A S T O N - J O H A N S S O N F & D A N I E L S O N E ( 2 0 0 5 ) Journal of Clinical Nursing 14, 956–964 Living with unexplained chest pain Aim. The aim was to describe patients’ experience of unexplained chest pain, and how the pain affected their everyday life. Background. Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for patients to consult the emergency department. Often no clear ischaemic heart disease or any other somatic explanation is found. Exploring the pain experience and how the pain affects everyday life may provide insights into the patients’ perspective, fill the gaps in our knowledge about this condition and give needed direction for nursing practice. Method. The study sample (n ¼ 19) included 11 men and eight women admitted to the emergency department. An open-ended unstructured interview was conducted with each patient and the data were...
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...Health and socioeconomic disadvantage Although the overall level of health and Data source and definitions wellbeing of Australians is relatively high compared with other countries, there are significant disparities in the health outcomes of different populations within Australia. In particular, people who live in areas with poorer socioeconomic conditions tend to have worse health than people from other areas. Previous analysis has shown that disadvantaged Australians have higher levels of disease risk factors and lower use of preventative health services than those who experience socioeconomic advantage.1 This article mainly uses data from the ABS 2007–08 National Health Survey. The analysis is restricted to all people aged 15 years and over unless otherwise stated. The ABS has developed four indexes to rank the level of social and economic wellbeing of a region. The analysis in this article uses the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) of Disadvantage based upon the 2006 Census of Population and Housing. The SEIFA index of relative disadvantage combines a number of variables (such as income, education and unemployment) of people, families and dwellings within an area, and ranks these areas on a scale of relative disadvantage. In this article the scale is divided into quintiles – with the first quintile representing the areas of greatest relative disadvantage and the fifth quintile representing the areas of least relative disadvantage...
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