...considered to be modern humans. The extinction of Neanderthals could have been caused by many reasons. But scientists believe that the cause of extinction is due to evolutionary forces. There are a few evolutionary forces that may have taken place in the extinction of the Neanderthals. But if we, modern humans, are still alive wouldn’t the species that are similar to us also be alive? This means that the Neanderthals were different from modern humans and evolutionary forces had a role to play. Modern humans and the Neanderthals came from the same linage. Humans did not develop from the Neanderthal. The Neanderthals weren’t studied until a skull was found in Germany (Wong 99). They were classified as a whole different species because of their structural differences. But it turns out that their differences were not so major at all. Compared to the early modern European, Neanderthals had a receding forehead, strong brow ridge, and no chin. The early modern European had steeper forehead, delicate brow ridge, and a chin (Wong 100). The Neanderthals adapted to their environment. An example would be their big bodies that were built as insulation in the severe colds. Although the Neanderthals had a huge skull, their thinking capacity was little to none when compared to the modern humans (Mellars 539). Though this may explain the similarities and differences between the two species none of this explains the extinction of Neanderthals. Population genetics is a widely accepted theory in how the...
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...Introduction to Personality When describing personality, one must take many factors into consideration. The definition itself is complex as there are many different opinions depending on the many theories of personality development. The New Big Five article by McAdams and Pals describe the unique facets of personality psychology. The factors that influence individual’s persona are many and are briefly mentioned in this essay. Personality Defined It is difficult to define personality. Each personality theorist has their own opinion depending on their own personal experiences (Feist & Feist, 2009). Although there is not a single specific definition for personality, each personality theorist has a distinct idea of the meaning of the word personality (Feist & Feist, 2009). A definition that may describe personality pertains to the unique traits and characteristics that relate to behavior that individuals possess that make them special and different from others (Feist & Feist, 2009). The authors further distinguish traits and characteristics. Traits could be distinctive, or they could be shared by a certain species (Feist & Feist, 2009). It is the pattern of the traits that distinguishes personality (Feist & Feist, 2009). Characteristics are also unique and have to do with “attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence” (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 4). Theoretical Approaches to Personality Although there are several theoretical...
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...Patel suggesting that one of the valued things provided by music is emotional power. According to the ‘multiple mechanism’ theory, music can influence human emotion in many different ways except *a. visual imagery and association with past, present and future event b. expectancy and fulfilment or violation c. activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features d. acoustics cues that resemble the sound of emotional voices medium Source: Section 6.1 page 22, 2nd paragraph, line 6 More questions being arise due to lack explanation on how the music’s universality can affect the emotion. Therefore Patel discuss how the multiple mechanism theory states that music can enhance emotion in five different ways which are 1) expectancy and its fulfilment or violation, 2) activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features (e.g., sudden, sharp onsets); 3) association with past events; 4) visual imagery; or 5) acoustic cues that resemble the sounds of emotional voices. The two examples of biological power of music discuss by Patel in the reading are I recovery of brain functions after stroke II recovery of cerebral palsy in premature baby III recovery of verbal fluency in aphasia IV recovery of deaf due to exposure of high volume sound *a) I and III b) I and II c) II and III d) III and IV Easy-medium Source: Patel reading section 4 of the biological power of music: two examples Patel clearly discuss the two examples of music and the recovery of brain functions...
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...Attraction in Social Psychology is one of the key areas where there is still research going on to understand what are the various elements in a human that makes him/her to behave in a specific manner & how these variations are processed by the brain. The importance of this research paper is mainly to explain the basic psychological functions that are mainly concerned with the element of ‘attraction’ in Psychology & to analyze the statistical data available. So what are the various elements that cause attraction? Do these interests or aspects vary with change in age? Are they different with respect to the geographical areas? What attracts people in selecting another as a mate and marriage partner? What attracts people in selecting another as a mate and marriage partner from a different culture? Many such questions will be answered in this research paper. Main Content: The different types of situations that can cause an attraction: 1. Proximity – People usually get to know people who are very close usually to their residence especially from an early age. Such proximities can create a spark of friendship among people. 2. Association – This kind of association is based on meeting people or new students during a common class that all of them enjoy. 3. Similarity – People prefer other kinds of people who share similar opinions or have a common liking regarding other interests. 4. Reciprocal Liking...
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...“How Structurism Arranges Marriage in India, America, and the Rest of the World” In fact, marriage in the U.S. is just as arranged as marriage in India. Outright if you were to ask someone if marriage in the United States was the same as in India, you would surely get a quick; “No” for a response since largely the United States practices marriages of individual self-choice while India practices arranged marriage. For better or worse, there are many reasons as to why both these countries follow their own marriage styles, but what happens if we were to look beyond what’s in front of us and truly study what ‘unseen’ forces play into a marriage. Would we even dare suggest that marriage in the United States (the freest nation in the world) is just as arranged in India, is it possible to see that arranged marriages in India are perhaps freer than a marriage of self-choice? First we must answer what is a marriage and what forces play into a marriage to truly know. The definition of a marriage in the 1950’s was the union of a non-related male and female backed by their family members with duties and obligations to love and care for one another with the prospect of having children. Nowadays this definition is dated, thanks to the study of Anthropology and the phenomena of homosexuality; a politically correct and culturally considerate definition of marriage would be; “a culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations...
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...manipulated; Artificial Insemination & Artificial Selection. Artificial Insemination is when a female of the breed is inseminated with sperm that has been collected artificially from males. During artificial insemination an artificial vagina is used to obtain the semen from the male. Before being used for insemination the sperm can be analysed, evaluated, processed and stored The semen can then be looked at and then they can select the most fit sperm to inseminate the female with. They look at it by placing it under a microscope and examining any structural abnormalities, the level of concentration and motility. If the semen is not being immediately used it must be frozen using liquid nitrogen to a temperature of -196*C. Usually a sperm extender is added to prolong life time as well as the quality of the sperm. The process of artificial insemination in cattle is this; a 1-2 year old bull provides semen around 500 cows are inseminated wait about 9 months of gestation calves have their own offspring at 2 ½ years of age then they begin the process of lactation close to 1 year of lactation the results and performances of those calves come back the male offspring of the best-quality cows are selected for breeding, this means that their semen is stored and used or sold to other breeders. But artificial selection is where humans control which male and female they want to mate making this the more “natural” option. Artificial selection, also known as traditional selective breeding...
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...THE SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY OF INTERNET DATING IN THE UNITED STATES* Jessica M. Sautter, Duke University Rebecca M. Tippett, Duke University S. Philip Morgan, Duke University This is a preprint of an Article accepted for publication in Social Science Quarterly © 2010 Southwestern Social Science Association. *All authors contributed equally and share authorship of this article. Direct all correspondence to Rebecca M. Tippett, Department of Sociology, Duke University, PO Box 90088, Durham, NC 27705 (rtippett@soc.duke.edu). Data and coding used in this article are available upon request for those wishing to replicate this study. This research was partially supported by a contract, (N01 HD-3-3354; PI. S. Philip Morgan) "Designing New Models for Explaining Family Change and Variation," with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Data collection was carried out and funded by the Pew Foundation with partial support from Duke University. The authors wish to thank Emilio A. Parrado, Seth Sanders, Lee Rainie, John Horrigan, Lynn Smith-Lovin, Amanda Lenhart, Mary Madden, Douglas Downey, Linda K. George, and Nathan D. Martin for helpful comments and suggestions. Early versions of this article were presented at the 2005 Southern Demographic Association Annual Meeting and the 2006 Southern Sociological Society Annual Meeting. 1 THE SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY OF INTERNET DATING IN THE UNITED STATES ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the sociodemographic correlates of internet...
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...similarities to each other. Questions of whether particular groups (e.g., groupings by sex, culture, age, or ethnicity) are more similar within than between groups are also questions of individual differences. Personality psychology addresses the questions of shared human nature, dimensions of individual differences and unique patterns of individuals. Research in IDs ranges from analyses of genetic codes to the study of sexual, social, ethnic, and cultural differences and includes research on cognitive abilities, interpersonal styles, and emotional reactivity. Methods range from laboratory experiments to longitudinal field studies and include data reduction techniques such as Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis, as well as Structural Modeling and Multi-Level Modeling procedures. Measurement issues of most importance are those of reliability and stability of Individual Differences. Research in Individual Differences addresses three broad questions: 1) developing an adequate descriptive taxonomy of how people differ; 2) applying differences in one situation to predict differences in other situations; and 3)...
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...Midterm 1 Notes * Anthropological Approaches to Understanding Evolution * What is Anthropology? * the study of culture * the study of humans * the study of humans and human behavior * the study of culture among different people and places * the study of global cultures and the comparisons between the various differences * It incorporate culture, including language, social practice, religion, etc. * the study of culture…it can be scientific, humanistic and based on observation * the study of humans in all parts of the world…it combines several fields into a holistic view * the study of humankind in all time and places * Anthropology is: 1. A Social Science * Academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society, which often reply primarily on empirical approaches 2. Studies Culture * Culture is composed of ideas, values and perceptions * Culture is not instinctual, it must be learned and shared * Culture only exists within a society or group of people * Culture is a human adaptation to their environment 3. Holistic * The various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence * Cultural Anthropology * The study of patterns of human behavior, thought and emotions, focusing on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures ...
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...SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: INTRODUCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE Social strata are levels of social statuses. Members of a society who possess similar amount of wealth, power, and privileges occupy each social stratum. We can see layers of social statuses occupied by members of society. Organized systems of such strata are conceptualized as social stratification system. Social stratification refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. Four basic principles of stratification: 1. Social stratification is characteristic of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences. Children born into wealth families are more likely than born into poverty to enjoy good health, achieve academically, succeed in their life’s work, and live well into old age. Neither rich nor poor people are responsible for creating social stratification, yet this system shapes the lives of them all. 2. Social stratification persists over generations. In all societies parents pass their social position along to their children, so that patterns of inequality stay much the same from generation to generation. Some individual experience change in their position in the social hierarchy. For most people, social standing remains much the same over a lifetime. 3. Social stratification is universal but variable. Social stratification is found everywhere. At the same time, what is unequal and how unequal people are vary from one society to another. 4. Social stratification involves not...
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...Blackmer) ❖ “A group of people who love and care for each other”-(Seligmann, 1990). American people picked the legalistic definition for “family” who thinks, ‘a group of people who related by blood, marriage and or adoption’ What are the functions of a family in earlier societies? Family functions vary widely. In most traditional societies, pre-industrial societies, the family performs four central functions. • The regulation of sexual activity • Reproduction • Socialization of children • Providing for the physical needs of both young and old members, including food, shelter, protection and health care. Major characteristics of family: 1. Universality 2. Emotional basis 3. Formative influence 4. Limited size 5. Nuclear position in...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEES TURNOVER IN LOCAL AUTHOURITES IN KENYA A Research Project Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Diploma in Business Management (Business Management Option) of the Kenya Institute of Management FEB 2013 DECLARATION Declaration by Student This Research Project is my original work and has not been presented to any other institution. No part of this research should be reproduced in any form or by any means without the consent of the author or that of the Kenya Institute of Management. STUDENT RACHAEL MUTHONI SIGN --------------------- DATE ------------------------ Declaration by the Supervisor This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as supervisor for the Kenya Institute of Management (KIM) SUPERVISOR WAGURA WPA SIGN ------------------------- DATE ----------------- Declaration by Management For and on behave of The Kenya Institute of Management (Nanyuki Branch) BRANCH EXECUTIVE OFFICER Evans Mathenge SIGN ----------------------------- DATE -------------------- DEDICATION I dedicate this project to my husband and my children for giving me support and encouragement throughout my studies. I also thank my God for giving me strength and guidance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Amgrateful to my supervisor mr.Wagura W.P.A who spared a lot of his time in guiding on data collection and compiling...
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...A Case Analysis on the Vidsoft Triangle (A) Summary A Senior Technical Support Manager (Alaji Babatunde) in a middle sized software company currently faced with a management crisis involving his subordinates. The conflict needs to be nipped in the bud before it degenerates to other teams. He needs to determine the causes of the conflict, how to manage it and also determine ways of avoiding future reoccurrence. Analysis Vidsoft Technologies was formed in the mid-1996, the company is involved in the provision of enterprise software to solve procurement needs of its customers like Cisco System, Johnson and Johnson e.t.c. Under the leadership of the incumbent CEO the organisation went public in 1999 and was able to grow its quarterly revenue from $50M to over $250M as at the end of 2000. The organisation encouraged team based performance and rewards were awarded for collective work that yielded positive result for the customer and the organisation. Team rewards could be in the form of bonuses, recognition or promotion. This supports Victor Vroom’s ‘expectancy theory, which emphasizes the need for organisations to relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted by recipients’ (Montana, Patrick & Bruce, 2008). Keith Nash also encouraged employees to voice out when things aren’t right and find fixes for them. This created trust amongst its employees due to a high degree of autonomy and feedback the management...
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...Chapter One Introduction 1. Background of the Study In this age, for most of us, teamwork is a part of our everyday life. Whether it is at home, in the community, or at work, we are often expected to be a functional part of a performing team. Having a strong team benefits any organization and leads to more successes than failure. In order to understand the competencies needed to build and lead high performance teams, it is helpful to first define a team. Here is a simple but effective description from The Wisdom of Teams (Harvard Business School Press, 1993.) "A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable." The Work Team is defined by many great practitioners in different sense. According to Griffin and Moorhead it is a “small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, common performance goals, and an approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.” A group of employees that works semi-autonomously on recurring tasks are called work teams. Work teams are most useful where job content changes frequently and employees with limited skills and a specific set of duties are unable to cope. A group of employees that works semi-autonomously on recurring tasks are called work teams. Work teams are most useful where job content changes frequently...
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...colocation, the ability to employ/observe facial expressions) through e-communication technologies? This paper tries to provide an answer to this question by developing a hypothesis, called the media naturalness hypothesis, which builds on modern human evolution theory. The media naturalness hypothesis argues that, other things being equal, a decrease in the degree of naturalness of a communication medium (or its degree of similarity to the face-to-face medium) leads to the following effects in connection with a communication interaction: (1) increased cognitive effort, (2) increased communication ambiguity, and (3) decreased physiological arousal. It is argued that the media naturalness hypothesis has important implications for the selection, use, and deployment of e-communication tools in organizations, particularly in the context of...
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