...Abstract This essay briefly describes behaviorism, gestalt, and structuralism. Brief examples of each approach are outlined under each topic. The common threads of behaviorism, gestalt, and structuralism are contrasted and compared in basic terms, and their influence on present-day psychology is discussed. Unit 1 – Individual Project This paper discusses three methods in the evolution of psychology: structuralism, behaviorism, and gestalt. To better understand the concepts of each, it’s important to list examples of each method, as well as compare and contrast the differences of each and how each impact modern-day psychology. Structuralism The structural approach to psychology sought to quantify the human experience, the human mind, in a scientific way (Reed, 2010). Simply put, structuralism is the study of how people respond to stimuli; it’s the study of human perception (Education Portal, 2012). It was thought that, through the process of Introspection, surface behavior held clues to deeply buried issues that could only be identified by the therapist (Narrative Therapy Chicago, 2012). An example of structuralism, with regard to therapy, was the use of Introspection, wherein the therapist would, for example, play a sound, or ask the patient to jump in the air. He would then observe the reaction to the stimuli, and ask, “How does that make you feel?” Between the unconscious reaction and introspective response of the patient, the therapist believed he could uncover...
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...First and Second Order Cybernetic Approach 1. How is reality seen by each specific approach? Describing reality is a challenge as is something that is unseen and untouchable. The first order cybernetic approach talks of the system that is entirely independent to the observer, while the second order cybernetic approach talks of systems that observe themselves. Hoffman (1985) challenges the way reality is viewed in second order cybernetic as he believes that people could never be sure as to what they think they saw is actually a real or is actually there. From the first order cybernetic approach the epistemological principle view reality a something that can be learned through the process of observation and at the same time the whoever has went through that process will not influenced by the same process. Individual can observe themselves, reality is how the individual see themselves without looking at the outside world (Becvar & Becvar, 2006). According to Becvar et al (2006) the therapist in the second order cybernetic approach has to take note that their observation can be influenced by the process and reality will be a challenge as they will have to consider the perception of their clients and their own perception. Looking at both the approaches reality is seen or view as perceptions created by the individual. 2. How is health and pathology addressed by each approach? In trying to address health from the first order cybernetic a healthy family is a family which...
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...growth. Rogers believed that all living organisms are born well and that they are motivated to grow and develop in a positive way (Atkinson, 1981). A concise description in this essay will explain Rogers’s theory of personality, and the difference approaches that he uses to define between a fully functioning individual and low functioning individual. It will then describe the approaches Rogers used in his client-centered –therapy. Rogers gives a detailed account of what he thought to be the most beneficial part of therapy, which is the relationship between client and therapist. It will give an account of both strengths and weaknesses found in both his theory and therapy. Carl Rogers’s theory of personality is a clinical theory based on years of dealing with clients (Pecitelli, 1996). In Rogers opinion the core of a “man’s nature is essentially positive”, and he is a “trustworthy organism” (Pecitelli, 1996). These beliefs are reflected in his theory of personality. His entire theory is built on a “single force of life”, in which he calls the actualising tendencies. It can be defined as the built in motivation present in every life form to develop its potentials to the fullest extent possible. The tendency is constructive, directional and is present in every living being (Atkinson, 1981). The key structural concept of his theory is the self. The self concept consists of all the ideas, perceptions, and values that charactorise “I” or “me”. It also includes the awareness of “what...
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...University of the People HS 2211-01 | AY2024-T3 | AY2024-T Learning Journal Unit 4 Instructor: Irum Yaqoob Ma'am. February 29, 2024 Introduction Motor accidents can cause severe physiological consequences, mainly when they result in injuries to the nervous system (Smith, 2018). In this essay, I will focus on a case study of a motorcycle accident victim who is experiencing a loss of sensation and control in the lower half of their body. My essay aims to provide insights into this debilitating condition through a detailed physiological analysis, assessment, and recommended corrective measures. Dissecting the Physiology of Motor Sensation Impairment & Assessment to Identify the Problem. According to Mayo Clinic (2021), In the unfortunate...
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...University of the People HS 2211-01 | AY2024-T3 | AY2024-T Learning Journal Unit 4 Instructor: Irum Yaqoob Ma'am. February 29, 2024 Introduction Motor accidents can cause severe physiological consequences, mainly when they result in injuries to the nervous system (Smith, 2018). In this essay, I will focus on a case study of a motorcycle accident victim who is experiencing a loss of sensation and control in the lower half of their body. My essay aims to provide insights into this debilitating condition through a detailed physiological analysis, assessment, and recommended corrective measures. Dissecting the Physiology of Motor Sensation Impairment & Assessment to Identify the Problem. According to Mayo Clinic (2021), In the unfortunate...
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...Introduction The purpose of this essay paper is to critically compare the epistemology governing the first and second order cybernetic approaches. (Epistemology is defined by Becvar and Becvar (2013), as the study of how we know what we know, and how we can make valid knowledge claims based on a particular theoretical framework. It focuses on the assumption that underline a particular framework and whether the knowledge claim made by that theory is logically consistent with its own assumption). In doing so, the student will answer the following questions: 1. Name and define the first-order cybernetic principles as described in the book The first order cybernetic is also known as simple cybernetic. Becvar and Becvar (2013), describe the first order cybernetic metaphorically by using the black box. They stated that it is a system whose operation we attempt to understand by observing what goes into and what comes out of it, analysis of inputs and outputs. In addition, we place ourselves outside the system as observers of what is going on inside the system. We are more interested in understanding the interaction and relationships within the system. The observer stays outside of the system being observed and views him/herself as being in a position to facilitate adjustment in the system without taking into consideration his/her participation. The following are the principles of this approach as stated in Becvar and Becvar (2013): * Recursion: this principle states...
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...Yoga as a Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms For some women, perimenopause is not an easy, smooth transition. Yoga is a regulator of the sympathetic system, respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Combined with meditation, it is a form of exercise that has the potential to alleviate symptoms in women navigating the climacteric. In my review of literature, this essay will compare information from studies relating to the effectiveness of yoga and mind-body techniques in treating the symptoms associated with menopause. The midwife can offer yoga therapy to women who do not desire hormone therapy and would like to explore a non-allopathic alternative to treat her perimenopausal symptoms. Yoga is moving meditation, the union of mind and body. The word Yoga comes from the Sanskrit word "Yuj" meaning to unite. This means integrating all aspects of the woman- body, mind and spirit. The goals of yoga therapy are to improve the physical body, expand and relax the mind, and achieve a balanced life experience. The study of yoga and mind-body complementary and alternative medicine {CAM} is a fairly recent endeavor in the United States (Bond, 2007). The use of CAM, specifically by women, is on the rise in the United States (Schuiling, 2013). Complementary and alternative medicine {including yoga} in some midwifery communities is an essential part of midwifery practice, and in others, it is utilized only as a personal healthcare or lifestyle choice. It may be applied...
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...1 ESSAY WRITING SKILLS © Graham Davey WHAT DO I NEED TO DO TO WRITE A GOOD ESSAY? 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5. WHAT TO DO BEFORE YOU START ANYTHING Am I familiar with the Assessment Guidelines? Am I certain that I know the Submission Deadline? How much does the mark for my essay contribute to the final mark for this course/module? Do I know what the word limit for this essay is? How many credits do I get for completing this particular course/module successfully? HOW TO PREPARE BEFORE PLANNING & WRITING THE ESSAY What essay titles can I choose from? What references do I need to read? At what level am I writing the essay? What internet resources should I access and use? Can I use my lecture notes as a source of information for my essay? PLANNING YOUR ESSAY How much should I read and when should I begin writing? How can I get the most benefit from my reading? WRITING YOUR ESSAY How should I structure my essay? Am I sure I’m answering the question? How do I write a scholarly essay? How should I present my reference list or bibliography? How should I format my essay? How can I avoid plagiarism? THINGS TO REMMEBER AFTER YOU’VE FINISHED WRITING YOUR ESSAY Essays are arguably the most widely used form of assessment for psychology students. They allow an examiner to assess a student’s factual knowledge, as well as their ability to create logical arguments and critically...
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...City University of Hong Kong GE1341 Life and Health: Innovative Essay Topic: Why Do we need to store fat in adipose tissue? Why people become obese? Name: Wong Ming Yan Cannis SID: 54404835 Introduction: In this piece of innovative essay, I am going to have a brief introduction on the structure of adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT): an indispensable part of our body with the function of energy storage and as an endocrine gland. After introducing the functions of adipose tissue, I will focus on topic: about the function of adipose tissue as a place for storage of fat. People become obese is partly due to adiponectin and leptin, the two hormones affecting adipose tissue and resulting in obesity....
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...1. Write an essay on protein structure and synthesis Protein synthesis is a cellular process leading to the production of proteins. This term is also synonymous to protein translation. It begins with a sequential process of transcription of DNA into mRNA, which is then used as input for translation after exon-intron splicing. The addition of successive tRNA molecules based on the code of mRNA matched up by base-pairing through their anti-codons in the ribosomes creates the nascent protein. After the protein chain has been synthesized, post-translation modification occurs, e.g. phosphorylation, motifs added to the protein. This may happen at various levels: secondary (alpha-helix, beta-sheets, turn, random coiling), tertiary and quarternary. Protein synthesis is also the process wherein peptide bonds between two amino acids whose formation is controlled. The synthesis begun when the mRNA combines in a little subunit of ribosomes close to an AUG sequence in mRNA. Start codon which is the AUG codon is being such because it does the coding of the first amino acid to be made of protein. “The AUG codon base-pairs with the anticodon of tRNA carrying methionine. A large ribosomal subunit binds to the complex, and the reactions of protein synthesis itself can begin. The aminoacyl-tRNA to be called for next is determined by the next codon (the next three bases) on the mRNA. Each amino acid is coded for by one or more (up to six) codons” (Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis...
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...S08 psychology of personality This essay will provide information on the Thematic Apperception Test and the Millon Multiaxial Personality Test. It will be followed by a compare and contrast section on the two personality assessment instruments. The Thematic Apperception Test or TAT was first developed in 1935 by Henry Murray and Christiana Morgan at the Harvard Psychological Clinic. It is based in the psychodynamic theories of personality. The TAT is administered as part of a group of tests intended to evaluate personality. The TAT is a projective instrument intended to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials. In the case of the TAT, the ambiguous materials consist of a set of black, white and gray cards which portray human figures in a variety of settings and situations. The subject is asked to tell the examiner a story about each card that includes the event shown in the picture; what has led up to it; what the characters in the picture are feeling and thinking; and the outcome of the event. The stories reveal expectations of relationships with peers, parents and/or other authority figures, subordinates, and possible romantic partners. In addition to evaluating the content of the stories, the examiner evaluates the subject's manner, vocal tones, posture, hesitations, and other signs of an emotional response to a particular story picture. When interpreting TAT responses...
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...Viola Khalil 900094024 RHET 102- 28 20 Apr. 2012 Essay 3, final draft Rescuing Children, Whose Responsibility? Children are one of the most important public priorities because they are the future of any society. If a government wants to improve its country, it should care more for its children. “The quality of our shared economic and democratic future relies on providing all children the opportunity to reach their full potential (All Children Should Be given the Opportunity to Succeed). Many children in many places over the world suffer from various problems. Child labor, poverty, military use of children, internet child pornography, child prostitution, lack of access to education, lack of health care, in addition to many other problems, are the most serious problems that face many children all over the world ("Top 10 Terrible Issues). “It is the responsibility of the government to keep them safe from criminal like Joseph Kony, a man in Uganda who steals children from their homes, and forces girls to become sex slaves, and the boys to become soldiers in his army” (Philipp). Children in Egypt suffer a lot from many problems like being homeless. Rescuing them is not only the responsibility of governments, but it is the responsibility of every adult. Street children issue has become a very serious problem that faces Egypt nowadays. Street children are children who call the streets their home (A New Approach). The number of street children in Egypt is estimated to be between...
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...Word Count: 2165 1 “Choose a medical condition that interests you and research it. Write about the possible uses of hypnosis in the treatment of the condition as you see them. In this essay I will be looking at the medical condition Sciatica, investigating both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition, and considering the role that hypnosis could play in its treatment. Firstly, Sciatica is the name given to any sort of pain that is caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in your body. It runs from the back of your pelvis, through your buttocks, and all the way down both legs, ending at your feet. When something compresses or irritates the sciatic nerve, it can cause a pain that radiates out from your lower back and travels down your leg to your calf. Sciatic pain can range from being mild to very painful. A slipped disc is the most common identified cause of sciatica, but in some cases there is no obvious cause. Less common causes include spinal stenosis (narrowing of the nerve passages in the spine), injury, infection or a growth in the spine. Most people find their sciatic pain goes away naturally within a few days or weeks, but medical advice should be sought if any other symptoms are experienced together with back and leg pain, such as weight loss or loss of bladder or bowel control, or if increasingly more pain and discomfort is experienced or pain is too severe to manage with self-help...
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...Evidence-Informed Practice: An Evaluation of the David Bennett Inquiry Report In this essay I will evaluate the David Bennett Inquiry Report, which was set up by the North, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire Strategic Health Authority (NSCSHA) to investigate the death of Mr David Bennett. I will define evidence-informed practice (EIP) and summarise the inquiry report. I shall highlight and critically analyse some of the key issues raised in the report in relation to ethnic minority issues. Finally, I will discuss the implications of evidence-informed practice for social work as well as my own future practice. EIP in social work began in the early 1990s when contemporary writers Geraldine MacDonald and her colleagues wrote articles very much in contrast to earlier reviews; they looked at results from studies such as quasi-experimental studies and client opinion studies about the effectiveness of social work practice. This led to good outcomes for social work practice (Webber, 2011) [Online]. Evidence-informed practice in social work has been described as: ‘Evidence based social care is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions regarding the welfare of those in need of social services.’ (Sheldon and Chilvers, 2000, p.5, adapted from Sackett et al., 1996 cited in Webber, 2011, p.3) Webber (2011) and Sheldon and Chilvers (2000, p.5, adapted from Sackett et al., 1996 cited in Webber, 2011, p.3) both define EIP as using effective interventions...
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...Sepsis An Overview Health And Social Care Essay ukessays.com /essays/health-and-social-care/sepsis-an-overview-health-and-social-careessay.php Sepsis is an infection of the bloodstream. The infection tends to spread quickly and often is difficult to recognize. One of our roles as a nurse is that of patient advocate, and as such we are closest to the patient, placing us in a key position to identify any subtle changes at their earliest onset and prevent the spread of severe infection. Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of SIRS, sepsis, and septic shock is key to early recognition. Early recognition allows for appropriate treatment to begin sooner, decreasing the likelihood of septic shock and life-threatening organ failure. Once sepsis is diagnosed, early and aggressive treatment can begin, which greatly reduces mortality rates associated with sepsis. sep•sis (ˈsep-səs) n. Sometimes called blood poisoning, sepsis is the body's often deadly response to infection or injury (Merriam-Webster, 2011) Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the immune system's reaction to an infection; it is the leading cause of death in intensive care units (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). It is defined by the presence of 2 or more SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) criteria in the setting of a documented or presumed infection (Rivers, McIntyre, Morro, Rivers, 2005 pg 1054). Chemicals that are released into the blood to fight infection trigger widespread inflammation...
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