...Changing ownership and its impact on Firm performance: A detailed pre and post crisis study on Indian firms Several studies are available establishing relationship between firm performance and ownership structure and the results are mixed. Several authors have found significant relationship while others have not found any significant relationships. In Indian context also, there are several studies which propagates to have both kind of results. The way literature is linking the owner ship with performance has always been via addressing the agency (outsiders and insiders) problem, board structure, size, leverage etc. but, literature is sparse to identify these variables as moderating the relationship between ownership and firm performance. The purpose of this study is to establish and study the relationship between ownership and performance in Indian context. Considering following points, I recommend a framework to study the changing ownership and firm performance under the premise that agency costs and information asymmetry acts as moderating variable, which increases/decreases performance when ownership changes. * In India, it is confirmed by several authors that concentrated and complex ownership structure is found which creates problem of heterogeneity and opacity. * India has agency type 2 problems; few studies are available addressing type 2 problem and variables to measure this. * Opacity and complexity creates Information asymmetry and tunneling respectively...
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...INTRODUCTION The objective of this mini project is the study the structure and performance of national economies and the policies that governments use to try to affect economic performance. Important topics in this mini project include the determinants of long-run economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and macroeconomic policy. In addition, this mini project are also able us to know the measurement of the standard living of a country in term of productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Besides that, we are also able to determine what is measured by Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and etc as well as know how the government policy could contribute to improved productivity of the country. The picture below shows the brief idea how does Indonesia looks like. Picture 1: Tourism in Indonesia’s island Picture 2: Place to travel in Indonesia Picture 3: City in Indonesia Picture 4: Map of Indonesia Choose one country of the world The chosen country was Indonesia. The reason of Indonesia been chosen because Indonesia is given public an image that Indonesia is a lag behind country than other since there was a tragic event happened in Indonesia in the middle of 1997 all along. This causing Indonesian suffered a great deal and many of them have experienced a very large decline in their living standard. It was irony in Indonesia’s case seen a country...
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...“Optimization of performance”. Effectiveness and efficiency are the most important factors to determine the company’s performance. In present day views, the fit between the technology and structure has become the focus of the discussion where as earlier theories used to have a different focal point. This study is more about regularizing the analysis level to each organization and measurement of contingency relationship between technology and structure. Studies which considered large units led to more enigma than studies which considered smaller sub-units. The research paper concentrates on highlighting the link between technology and structure; and how they can be utilized to improve the performance of an organization. The central disagreement revolves around the theory that instead of technology or structure or technology and structure, a fit between both the structure and technology is a better measurement of performance. One of authors Judith W.Alexander served as an assistant professor in college of nursing, University of South Carolina, the other author W. Alan Randolph is a professor of International business and leadership. They present the argument that performance can be better studied in sub-units than in large units(organization), considering the fact the factors influencing the performance would affect the result in terms of complexity. [Assumptions] The purpose of the study ‘The Fit Between Technology and Structure as a Predictor Of Performance in Nursing...
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...© Kamla-Raj 2008 Stud Home Comm Sci, 2(2): 121-124 (2008) The Effects of Family Structure and Parenthood on the Academic Performance of Nigerian University Students V. O. Uwaifo Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria Telephone: (234) 08035472684, E-mail: vuwaifo@yahoo.com KEYWORDS Parent Education. Academic Performance. Family Structures ABSTRACT This paper examines the effects of family structure and parenthood on the academic performance of Nigerian university students. The sample for the study consisted of 240 students drawn from the six randomly selected faculties in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. The adapted form of “Guidance and Counseling Achievement Grade Form” was used for data collection and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the t-test statistical method. The three null hypotheses formulated were tested at .05 level of significance. The results showed that significant differences existed between the academic performance of students from singleparent family and those from two-parent family structures. The results also indicated significant differences in academic performance of male and female students compared on two types of family structures. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that school counsellors should be employed in all schools and that they should provide necessary assistance to students especially those from single-parent family...
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...AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT – PRODUCTIVITY COMMISSION Economic Structure and Performance of the Australian Retail Industry Bicycle Industries Australia Ltd Suite 324, 1 Queens Road Melbourne VIC 3004 Bicycle Industries Australia Ltd (BIA) represents bicycle manufacturers, importers and wholesalers within Australia. The BIA was formed with the expressed aims; • • To foster the interests of the Australian Bicycle Industry To promote sound and ethical trading and commercial practices The Australian bicycle industry comprises approximately 500 importers, manufacturers and wholesalers, along with approximately 1000 specialised retail stores. The BIA is a member of the Fair Imports Alliance (FIA). As a member of the FIA we support all points of discussion which has been raised through the joint submission. Further to the points which have been raised within the FIA discussion paper, the BIA would like to raise issues more specific to the operations of the industry. Page 2 of 16 Bicycle Industries Australia Ltd. – Response to the Productivity Commission Inquiry into Economic Structure and Performance of the Australian Retail Industry IMPACT ON THE AUSTRALIAN BICYCLE INDUSTRY The Australian bicycle industry has been hit extremely hard by international online trading. The industry in 2007 directly employed over 6000 people through specialised bicycle distributors and retailers, and many more through large chain stores and associated businesses including transport ...
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...• Describe how you might leverage the strategic capability of IT and the organizational structure to create and maintain high performance teams and a learning organization. With information technologies, there are many, which help law enforcement be successful in their duties one of them is CODIS (Combined DNA Index Program). Because CODIS is a database, system that stores DNA profiles. This database has helped police in all cases, where they have been physical DNA left at the crime scene. They then can use the CODIS system DNA profile to see, if it is a match to any of the DNA within the database. By using the CODIS system, it has helped them solve many cold cases from the past to present. They also can get results quicker, because technicians only need a “minute amount of biological material. Then decades before a similar profile sample would have to be the size of a dime” (police staff, 2003). Crime mapping it aids law enforcement looking, for patterns of criminal incidents that have happened in certain areas like rape, assaults, robberies, etc. This technology has helped technicians and law enforcement pinpoint their next target so that they can make the arrest. This software gives this information in minutes, and it can send other law enforcement this mapping pattern in those located areas. So that they can react promptly and be aware of the situations in minutes after the crime committed. Lastly, the computer aided dispatch system (CAD) helps the 911-dispatch send the...
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...firm-level assessment of the impact of differentiated structures on innovation performance Matthias de Visser a,Ã, Petra de Weerd-Nederhof a,1, Dries Faems a,2, Michael Song b,3, Bart van Looy c,4, Klaasjan Visscher a,5 a University of Twente, Capitool 15, 7521 PL Enschede, The Netherlands University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110-2499, USA c Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 30000 Leuven, Belgium b a r t i c l e in fo Keywords: New product development process Cross-functional structure Structural ambidexterity Derivative innovation performance Breakthrough innovation performance abstract Based on a survey study of 155 U.S. firms, we conducted a firm-level assessment of the impact of different kinds of structures (i.e., functional versus cross-functional) in different kinds of new product development (NPD) processes (i.e., incremental versus radical) on different kinds of firm innovation performance (i.e., derivative versus breakthrough). We observe that most firms opt for similar structures for their incremental and radical NPD processes. At the same time, though, we find strong evidence that (1) firms that apply a cross-functional structure for the radical NPD process perform significantly better in terms of breakthrough innovation performance than firms that apply a functional structure for the radical NPD process and (2) firms that apply a functional structure for the incremental NPD process perform significantly...
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...organizational structure and culture impact organizations performances. Organizational structure and culture creates various concepts, strategies and situations within the organization. It affects the organization performance in positive as well as negative ways. Organizational structure and culture makes the difference between each organization. Organizational structure helps to clarify the duties and shows responsibilities of each employee that helps to achieve organizations’ goals and clearly define who will be reported to whom. Strong organizational structure helps to make right decisions within the right time. Organizational culture can develop the stability of the social system within the organization. Strong organizational culture makes proper working environment within the organization and it affect to improve performance of the organization. Proper organizational structure and culture creates better attitudes and behaviour of employee and it helps employers to control easily. It causes to improve the performances. Policies, rules and regulations of the organization directly impact to the organizations’ performances. Proper organizational structure and culture helps to form those policies. Organizational structure and culture impact to the performances also in negative ways. Complexity of the organizational structure affect to the decision making process. Because of it, decision making process becomes very slow and it gives bad impacts for the performances. For centralized...
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...The Effect of Board Size and Ownership Structure on the Financial Performance: An Empirical Study on Egypt Nourhan K. Karkoura* Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt Abstract Corporate governance can be viewed as a mechanism that ensures external investors receive proper returns on their investments. This paper investigates the effect of board size and the effect of ownership structure on firm performance in Egypt. Using a sample non- financial corporation from the most active 50 corporations listed in the stock exchange after excluding banks and financial firms for the period 2007 to 2009. This study adopts a correlational research design using secondary data from the disclosure book issued by the Egyptian stock exchange. Multiple regressions are used to determine the extent to which variations in performance of the most active corporations is explained by the board size and ownership structure. Firm financial performance is measured by return on assets, returns on equity and Tobin Q ratio, while corporate governance aspects were board size and ownership structure. Keywords: board size, ownership structure, financial performance, and Egypt Nourhan K. Karkoura, Graduate Teacher Assistant in Finance and Investment Department, Faculty of Financial and Administrative Sciences, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, E-mail: nourhan.khaled@pua.edu.eg 1. Introduction The importance of corporate board size and ownership structure as a mechanism of corporate governance...
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...is that the introduction of corporate governance best practice namely board leadership structure and board composition will be reflected in firm performance in the hospitality industry scenario. However the board structures in the global hospitality industry vary in firms and countries. Therefore, the hypothesis presented in this study will be tested to investigate the effect of corporate governance codes on firm performance in the global hospitality industry. Capital markets attract investor confidence for which good corporate governance is an essential. For good corporate governance to occur the board should effectively monitor the managers for their accountability to shareholders. The monitoring mechanisms of Board leadership (Ha) and Board Composition (Hb) are represented to investigate the accountability to shareholders through firm performance. 2.4 a. Board leadership Based on the above literary argument, it can be said that leadership structure of the firm will have an important impact on performance, because board leadership structure is a device that is implemented to monitor the activities of the CEO. Therefore in this study a monitoring leadership structure is considered important in affecting firm performance. Examination of empirical research in the above chapters has provided important insights into the relationship between leadership structure and firm performance. Therefore as suggested by the agency theory, the conceptual framework considers the importance...
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...Organizational Architecture? * Organizational architecture is the totality of a firm’s organization including: 1. Organizational structure * the formal division of the organization into subunits * the location of decision-making responsibilities within that structure - centralized versus decentralized * the establishment of integrating mechanisms to coordinate the activities of subunits including cross-functional teams or pan-regional committees 2. Control systems and incentives * control systems - the metrics used to measure performance of subunits * incentives - the devices used to reward managerial behavior 3. Processes, organizational culture, and people * Processes - the manner in which decisions are made and work is performed within the organization * Organizational culture - the norms and value systems that are shared among the employees of an organization * People - the employees and the strategy used to recruit, compensate, and retain those individuals and the type of people they are in terms of their skills, values, and orientation Figure of Organization Architecture What Are The Dimensions Of Organizational Structure? * Organizational structure has three dimensions: 1. Vertical differentiation - the location of decision-making responsibilities within a structure 2. Horizontal differentiation - the formal division of the organization into sub-units 3. Integrating mechanisms - the...
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...Remuneration, Corporate Performance, Board Characteristics and factors that influence in determining the Directors Remuneration and CEO compensation. This assignment plays a vital role in developing our understanding and providing a clear picture on Corporate Governance in real world’s perspective. ARTICLE 1: Board Compensation Structure and Firm Performance Ivan E. Brick, Oded Palmon, and John K. Wald January 15, 2003 SUMMARY: The article is mainly focused on the factors that influence Director’s compensation structure. The factors that influences the determination of the Director’s compensation structure are firms, CEO and governance structure characteristics. In addition, the article also identifying the significant relationship between the Directors’s compensation and firm performance and the consistency of the structure on firm value maximization. The impact of the compensation structure towards firm performance is mainly in changes in Q, ROA performance, future ROA and pay performance sensitivity. PROBLEM STATEMENT: Firm Performance Director’s Compensation Structure The diagram above shows the significant relation between the Board of Director’s compensation structure and firm performance. The problem statement that discussed in this article was the factors that determine the Director’s incentive compensation and the impact of Director’s non-cash compensation upon firm performance. OBJECTIVES...
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...Performance refers to the profits and social welfare that result in a given industry It is important for future managers to recognize that profits and social welfare change significantly across industries. Social Welfare Another gauge of industry performance is the amount of consumer and producer surplus generated in a market. Social Welfare = CS + PS Dansby-Willig Performance Index Ranks industries according to how much social welfare would improve if the output in an industry were increased by a small amount. Industries with large index values have poorer performance than industries with lower values.。。。。 The Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm You now have a broad overview of the structure, conduct, and performance of U.S industry. The structure–conduct–performance paradigm views these three aspects of industry as being integrally related. The structure of an industry refers to factors such as technology, concentration, and market conditions. Conduct refers to how individual firms behave in the market; it involves pricing decisions, advertising decisions, and decisions to invest in research and development, among other factors. Performance refers to the resulting profits and social welfare that arise in the market. The causal view of industry asserts that market structure “causes” firms to behave in a certain way. In turn, conduct, “causes” resources to be allocated in certain ways, leading to either “good” or “poor” market performance. Concentration causes...
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...Organizational architecture—(organization structure, control systems, incentives, processes, organizational culture and people) Organizational Structure • Organizational structure has three dimensions: 1. Vertical differentiation - determines where decision-making power is concentrated within a structure 2. Horizontal differentiation - the formal division of the organization into sub-units 3. The establishment of integrating mechanisms - the mechanisms for coordinating sub-units Vertical Differentiation: Centralization • Facilitates coordination of activities Eg. A firm has a component manufacturing operation in Taiwan and an assembly operation in Mexico • Ensure decisions consistent with organization’s objectives • Allows top-level managers to bring about organizational change • Avoids duplication of activities Eg. Many international firms centralize their R&D functions into one or two locations to ensure the R&D work are not duplicated. Decentralization • Takes advantage of local information, which may result in better and faster decisions • Can motivate employees • Relieves top management • Can increase control in self-contained subunits • It can be worthwhile to centralize some decisions and decentralize others, e.g., centralizing control over core competencies while decentralizing operating decisions Horizontal Differentiation: The Design Of Structure • Horizontal differentiation is concerned...
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...IMO STATE POLYTECHNIC UMUAGWO, OHAJI IMO STATE AN ASSIGNMENT ON QUESTIONAIRE ON POOR ENROLLMENT OF MALE STUDENTS IN IMO STATE POLYTECHNIC NAME: NWANEDO DABERECHI JOSHUA REG NO: 2014/ND/EEE/65410 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS COURSE CODE: DEPT: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LECTURER: MR. ONYEGBUCHULEM FEBRUARY, 2015 DEFINITION OF CAPITAL 1. Financial assets or the financial value of assets, such as cash. 2. The factories, machinery and equipment owned by a business and used in production. “Capital” can mean many things. Its specific definition depends on the context in which it is used. In general, it refers to financial resources available for use. Companies and societies with more capital are better off than those with less capital. INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'CAPITAL' Capital is different from money. Money is used simply to purchase goods and services for consumption. Capital is more durable and is used to generate wealth through investment. Examples of capital include automobiles, patents, software and brand names. All of these things are inputs that can be used to create wealth. Besides being used in production, capital can be rented out for a monthly or annual fee to create wealth. Capital itself does not exist until it is produced. Then, to create wealth, capital must be combined with labor, the work of individuals who exchange their time and skills for money. When people invest in capital by foregoing current consumption, they can enjoy greater...
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