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Study Guide for Anthro

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ANTH 1200 – Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 10-29-12 Dr. Williams, Instructor

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Study Questions for Quiz# 3 (Ferraro’s Chapters 9, 10 and 11)
1. Are there any universals about gender roles across all societies? Use examples from your readings to support your position.
2. Male dominance a cultural universal? Use examples from your reading to support your position.
3. How important are economic factors in the definition of gender in the United States?

4. What are “Genderlects”?
Answer: Linguistic differences in the ways in which men and women speak within their culture 5. What is postpartum sexual taboo?
Answer: the rule that a husband and wife must abstain from any sexual activity for a period of time after the birth of a child

6. What is gender stratification? Answer: The hierarchical ranking of members of a society according to gender

7. If women are not allowed to hold important positions in religious activities, does that indicate stratification?
8. Does the prohibition of women from the same economic activities as men always indicate stratification?
9. What are three social benefits of marriage?
10. Describe and discuss the differences between American style marriage and marriage among any cultural group in Sub-Saharan Africa.
11. In which state of the United States is polygyny most widely practiced?
Answer: Utah

12. What is a critical factor influencing the incidence of polygyny?
Answer: The Old Testament of the Bible

13. List at least two theories that attempt to explain the incest taboo.
Answer: Natural Aversion Theory and Inbreeding Theory

14. What is a good cross-cultural definition of marriage? What are some of the problems that emerge from attempting to apply a single definition across cultures?

15. What are three major types of marriage based on the number of spouses permitted?

16. What types of societies allow cousins to marry? In those societies, what types of cousins can marry and why is this arrangement preferred?

17. What are some of the functions of bride-wealth that anthropologists have identified?

18. Societies that cannot accumulate capital practice what form of marriage exchange?

19. Why is the forced marriage of children considered to be a violation of basic human rights by most modern societies?
ANTH 1200 – Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 10-29-12 Dr. Williams, Instructor
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20. What are the five types of post-marital residence patterns?

21. What is the kinship term for those people to whom we are related through birth or blood?

22. What are the criteria on which principles of kinship classification are based?

23. What is fictive kinship?
Answer: Relationships among individual who recognize kinship obligations even though the relationships are not based on either consanguienal or affinal ties.

24. Why has kinship been the subject of so much anthropological research? Why is it said to be the single most important aspect of social structure?

25. All kinship systems serve which two important functions for the well being of the total society?

26. What is the term for the person from whose point of view kinship relationships are traced?
Answer: EGO

27. In a bilateral system, which kinship organization is the most significant to an individual? What types of subsistence patterns are found in association with bilateral descent?
Answer: a person is related equally to both the mother’s and the fathers side of the family. Bilateral descent is adapative for small scale foraging soceities.

28. Are divorce rates higher in matrilineal or patrilineal societies? Provide examples to support your answer. Answer: it is the patrilineal because guys can have more than more than 1 wife and that can lead to divorce.

29. Who are the Hijra?
Answer: Hijras of India, a religious community of men who dress and act like women.

30. Name three recent innovations in reproductive technology that are forcing us to redefine some aspects of kinship.

31. What four types of kinship groups are based on the unilineal principle?
Answer: Lineages, clans, phratries, and moieties.

32. List the six basic systems of kinship classification.
Answer: Sudanese, Hawaiian, Eskimo, Iroquois, Omaha, Crow

33. What is the major feature of the Eskimo system?
Answer: The major feature of this system is that it emphasizes the nuclear family by using separate terms (mother,father,sister,brother) that are not used outside the nuclear family.

34. Who is Caster Semenya?
Answer: She was subject to having masculine qualities that caused her to be subject to gender test because of her physique

35. What is sexual dimorphism?
Answer: The difference in form between men and women

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