...What is internal control? Why is internal control important in organizations? Internal controls are processes established by a business or organizations board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance for that businesses objectives in effectiveness and efficiency, reliability of financial reports and compliance with laws and regulations. Internal controls are used to safeguard businesses assets. They help a to establish guidelines within a business and makes sure that everyone within that business follows those guidelines and procedures. Internal controls are important because without them a business would be more susceptible to fraud. Internal controls are used to prevent people from stealing from a business and to make sure all the rules are followed. Feedback: Internal control is a system of policies and procedures designed to help an organization run more efficiently and effectively. Without strong internal control, an organization is much more susceptible to various forms of risk which can compromise its operations and its financial reporting. What are the four basic purposes of internal control? Give an example of each one. The first purpose of internal controls is to safeguard assets. Internal controls should protect your assets such as cash. One internal control that helps with protection of assets is the segregation of duties, another is sequential numbering of checks or locking checks in a safe place. The second purpose is to ensure...
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...A Project Report On Summer Training at Krishak Bharti Co-Operative Ltd. HAZIRA Submitted by: Exam Nos. Deepak Sharma 85 Anish Nair 46 Zaid Patel 70 Kevin Varsani 101 Tandel Gracee 93 Submitted to: Radha Vyas Jueela Mankar Namrata Khilochiya Hiren Patel Vivekanand College for BBA, Surat Academic Year-2006-07 ACKNOWLEGMENT Sharing our experience is one of the biggest honors, which every one cannot experience. To share our experience at KRIBHCO as management student is a matter grate honor and pride. We are grateful to KRIBHCO for letting us to do this project. We express our gratitude to Mr. Sunil jain (P&A Manager) Mr.Sampat (store department), Mr. Thomas T.S. (F & A Deptt), Mr. M.N Patel (H.R.D Deptt) .We are really thankful to employees of KRIBHCO who have been guiding us in this path Step by step and have made our path really simple to get through .we will use this experience through out our career and will make our future bright. So once again we thank all of them. In...
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...1(d).Value Chain Analysis: A Way to profit improvement & cost Reduction Learning Objective 1. how to identify the value added activity 2. how to rectify the non –value added activity 3. application in profit planning & cost reduction INTRODUCTION Competitive advantage for a company means not just matching or surpassing their competitors, discovering what the customers want and then profitably satisfying, and even exceeding their expectations. As barriers to inter-regional and international trade are diminishing and as access to goods and services are growing, customers can locate after identification and «the best of what they want, at an acceptable price, wherever it is in the world. Under growing competition and, hence, rising customer expectations, a company's penalty for complacency becomes even greater. A strategic tool to measure the importance of the customer's perceived value is value chain analysis. By enabling companies to determine the strategic advantages and disadvantages of activities and value-creating processes in the market place, value chain analysis becomes essential for assessing competitive advantage. Value analysis or value engineering is one of the most widely used cost reduction techniques. It can be defined as a technique that yields value improvement. It investigates into the economic attributes of value. It attempts to reduce cost through ...
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...SUBSTITUTION OF PLASTIC BAG BY JUTE BAGCASE COMPANY REDQ Support on Sustainable Environment Thesis Tania Afrin Degree Programme in International Business International Marketing Management Accepted ___.___._____ __________________________________ SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Business and Administration, Varkaus Degree Programme, option Degree Programme in International Business. BBA, International Marketing Management. Author(s) Tania Afrin Title of study SUBSTITUTION OF PLASTIC BAG BY JUTE BAG -CASE COMPANY redQ Support on sustainable development Type of project Date Pages Thesis April 2011 70 + 5 Supervisor(s) of study Executive organisation Anneli Savolainen Business and Administration Abstract Sustainable development is one of the most important issues in the world today. People can play an important role in the sustainable development in different ways regardless of their own position. This study focuses on finding out how plastic bags could be substituted by jute bags and how it would contribute to the sustainable development. In addition, the study focuses on answering the question if the idea of substituting plastic bags by jute bags would be a profitable business innovation. For the study, it was examined how some Finnish customers liked the jute bag as a shopping bag and what was their attitude towards sustainable issues. The information collected in connection with this thesis work will...
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...More Praise for the Second Edition of Mergers & Acquisitions from A to Z ‘‘Sherman and Hart have done a terrific job assembling and synthesizing the basic, yet critical, issues to be aware of before/during/ after the deal. A well-rounded, up-to-date primer filled with pragmatic information that will serve as an excellent reference regardless of the reader’s M&A experience.’’ —Edward J. Hayes, Jr. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Quantum Corporation ‘‘After reading Andrew’s book, it became clear that his insight and processes assist entrepreneurs looking to expand their businesses. Andrew’s book offers guidance for non–U.S.-based businesses considering mergers and acquisitions in the United States.’’ —Nancye Miller, CEO, EO The Entrepreneurs’ Organization ................. 11539$ $$FM 10-19-05 09:48:09 PS PAGE i This page intentionally left blank PAGE ii MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS F ROM A SECOND TO Z EDITION Andrew J. Sherman and Milledge A. Hart American Management Association New York • Atlanta • Brussels • Chicago • Mexico City • San Francisco Shanghai • Tokyo • Toronto • Washington, D.C. ................. 11539$ $$FM 10-19-05 09:48:11 PS PAGE iii Special discounts on bulk quantities of AMACOM books are available to corporations, professional associations, and other organizations. For details, contact Special Sales Department, AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601...
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...Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career Multiple Choice Questions 1. One of the recent critical challenges facing Major League Baseball was: a. b. c. d. poor coordination between local and national sales channels. poorly managed sales channels. outdated information systems. decreasing ticket sales. Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 3 Answer: d 2. The six important business objectives of information technology are new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; survival; competitive advantage, operational excellence, and: a. b. c. d. improved flexibility. improved decision making. improved business practices. improved efficiency. Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 6 Answer: b 3. Dell Computer's use of information systems to improve efficiency and implement "mass customization" techniques to maintain consistent profitability and an industry lead illustrates which business objective? a. b. c. d. Improved flexibility Improved business practices Competitive advantage Survival Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 8 Answer: c 4. The use of information systems because of necessity is: a. b. c. d. survival improved business practices competitive advantage improved flexibility Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 9 Answer: a 5. (Analysis) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real-time? a. b. c. d. 1 only 1 and 2...
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...Investing in Methane Digesters on Pennsylvania Dairy Farms: Implications of Scale Economies and Environmental Programs Elizabeth R. Leuer, Jeffrey Hyde, and Tom L. Richard A stochastic capital budget was used to analyze the effect of net metering policies and carbon credits on profitability of anaerobic digesters on dairy farms in Pennsylvania. We analyzed three different farm sizes—500, 1,000, and 2,000 cows—and considered the addition of a solids separator to the project. Results indicate that net metering policies and carbon credits increase the expected net present value (NPV) of digesters. Moreover, the addition of a solids separator further increases the mean NPV of the venture. In general, the technology is profitable only for very large farms (1,000+ cows) that use the separated solids as bedding material. Key Words: anaerobic digester, stochastic capital budget model, dairy farm, alternative energy For a host of reasons, U.S. scientists, government leaders, and citizens are increasingly seeking alternative sources of energy. Green energy sources are those that do not emit harmful pollutants and/ or that are renewable. Anaerobic digesters (AD), found on dairy, hog, and poultry farms across the United States, represent potential sources of green energy. AgSTAR, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) program, whose goal is to increase the number of anaerobic digesters on farms in the United States, estimates there are 6,900 swine and dairy farms that could...
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...Sustainability Reporting Guidelines & Oil and Gas Sector Supplement © 2000-2012 GRI Version 3.1/OGSS Final version The Oil and Gas Sector Supplement is based on the G3.1 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines © 2000-2012 GRI Version 3.1/OGSS Final version Oil and Gas Sector Supplement Sustainability Reporting Guidelines RG & OGSS Table of Contents Overview of the Guidance provided in this Document for the Oil and Gas Sector Human Rights Society Product Responsibility 43 47 52 Preface Sustainable Development and the Transparency Imperative General Reporting Notes Data Gathering Report Form and Frequency Assurance 10 Glossary of Terms Acknowledgments 12 12 13 14 54 54 55 56 58 Introduction Introductory Section for the Oil and Gas Sector Overview of Sustainability Reporting The Purpose of a Sustainability Report Orientation to the GRI Reporting Framework Orientation to the GRI Guidelines Applying the Guidelines Part 1 Defining Report Content, Quality, and Boundary Guidance for Defining Report Content Principles for Defining Report Content Principles for Defining Report Quality Guidance for Report Boundary Setting 16 17 22 26 Part 2 Standard Disclosures Strategy and Profile 1. Strategy and Analysis 2. Organizational Profile 3. Report Parameters 4. Governance, Commitments, and Engagement 5. Management Approach and Performance Indicators Economic Environmental Social: Labor Practices and Decent Work 40 29 29 30 30 31 33 34 36 ...
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...change is inextricably linked with the enhanced build-up of greenhouse gases. Emissions- trading in the form of carbon credits or CERs is opening up a new vista of trade opportunities with prospect for gradual reduction of emissions particularly by the developed nations under Annexure-I categories. Various national and international programmes undertaken by the government and voluntarily by the non-government agencies have positively impacted on progressive reduction of emissions in many parts of the world. The paper highlights the emerging issues linked to the modalities of emission-trading, together with scope for developing sound accounting procedures for trading carbon credits. Paper discusses the opportunities for developing a sound marketing system of carbon credits with built-in efficiency in transactions, accountability and transparency in reporting systems with focus on India. Paper also GMJ,VOL 4,ISSUE 1 & 2, JANUARY - DECEMBER 2010 underlines the need to comply with the Global Accounting Standards, Tax Planning, access to Multi-commodity Exchange Market, certification, verification and enforcement procedures for proper execution of emission-trading initiatives aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. The aspects of Carbon management with focus on carbon neutrality, sustainable energy development and implicit energy security are also highlighted. Key Words: Emissions trading, Carbon Management, Global Carbon Accounting, carbon Offsetting & Foot-printing, Carbon Neutrality...
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...(University of Durham), Ruth McDonald (University of Nottingham), George Dowswell (University of Birmingham), Kieran Walshe (University of Manchester), Naomi Fulop (King’s College, London), Rhiannon Walters (King’s College, London), Rowena Jacobs (University of York), Paula Hyde (University of Manchester) Address for correspondence: Professor Russell Mannion Health Services Management Centre University of Birmingham Park House 40 Edgbaston Park Road Birmingham B15 2RT Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2010 1 SDO Project (08/1501/94) Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................8 1 Introduction .......................................................9 1.1 Aims and objectives of the study ..................................... 9 1.2 Research design and project overview .............................10 1.3 Structure of the report ..................................................11 2 Policy and Organisational Culture in the NHS: An Overview .............................................................12 2.1 From the beginning: 1948-1983........................................... 12 2.2 General management and a new performance regime: 1984-1990........................................................................ 14 2.3 The quasi-market: 1991-97 ................................................. 16 2.4 Investment and reform: 1997-2008...................................... 17 2.5...
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...The Transformation Continues QANTAS SUSTAINABILITY REVIEW 2013 This page has been intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction Governance − − − − Corporate Governance Business Resilience Group Security Group Risk and Audit 2 4 4 9 10 11 13 15 19 22 31 38 45 49 56 57 Stakeholder Engagement Financial Safety and Health Customer People Environment Procurement Community Measures Glossary The Group Strategy, supported by environment, procurement and community strategies, underpins the identification and reporting on material items. To support the Group’s core goal of delivering sustainable returns to shareholders, areas of focus are used to measure, monitor and report on the Group’s performance. Areas of focus and measures are reviewed and updated to ensure that they remain relevant. The Group Strategy drives sustainable outcomes Governance Corporate governance is core to ensuring the creation, protection and enhancement of shareholder value. Stakeholders We are committed to communicating effectively with our stakeholders. Financial Safety and Health To be recognised as the world’s leading airline group in air, ground and people safety and health. Customers Our Customers are the core of everything we do. The Group is continually striving towards providing exceptional customer experiences. Vision We strive to build a strong viable business capable of delivering sustainable returns...
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...978-81-321-1131-3 (PB) The SAGE Team: Rudra Narayan, Archita Mandal, Rajib Chatterjee and Dally Verghese Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017) Economic Sectors Volume II Planning Commission Government of India Thank you for choosing a SAGE product! If you have any comment, observation or feedback, I would like to personally hear from you. Please write to me at contactceo@sagepub.in —Vivek Mehra, Managing Director and CEO, SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi Bulk Sales SAGE India offers special discounts for purchase of books in bulk. We also make available special imprints and excerpts from our books on demand. For orders and enquiries, write to us at Marketing Department SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B1/I-1, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, Post Bag 7 New Delhi 110044, India E-mail us at marketing@sagepub.in...
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...DEVELOPING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN TRAINING MANUAL Volume 4: ISWM Plan U N I T E D N AT I O N S E N V I R O N M E N T P R O G R A M M E Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2009 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Developing Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan Training Manual Volume 4 ISWM Plan Compiled by United Nations Environmental Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental...
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...Taisei Matsuki and Monali Ranade. 2 | State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2010 New Approach for the 2011 Report With the goal of providing a comprehensive discussion of the issues that most affected the carbon market in 2010, the authors of last year’s report have restructured State and Trends of the Carbon Market for 2011. The report still provides an overview of the size and reach of the carbon markets, as well as the evolution of the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms, and offers potential supply/demand scenarios for coming years. However, it no longer includes a detailed breakdown of carbon transactions, as in previous years. Instead, the report provides a more in-depth analytical discussion of the regulation and policy issues that will guide future carbon market development. The findings and opinions expressed in this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and should not be cited without permission. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank Group, its Executive Directors, the countries they represent or of any of the participants in the carbon funds or facilities managed by the World Bank. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. This report is not intended to form the basis of an investment decision. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance...
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...BP in Azerbaijan Sustainability Report 2013 bp.com/caspian Building a stronger, safer BP About our report This report covers the calendar year ending 31 December 2013. In some instances significant events from 2014 have been included. Unless otherwise specified, the text does not distinguish between the activities of BP p.l.c. and those of its subsidiaries and affiliates. References in this report to ‘us’, ‘we’ and ‘our’ relate to BP in Azerbaijan unless otherwise stated. When we cite ‘BP in Azerbaijan’ we refer to operations in Azerbaijan only. If we refer to ‘BP AGT’ we are including all our activities in Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. Specific references to ‘BP’ and the ‘BP group’ mean BP p.l.c., its subsidiaries and affiliates. All dollar amounts are in US dollars. All gas volumes are indicated in standard cubic metres or standard cubic feet. The report is issued annually by BP Exploration (Caspian Sea) Limited in its capacities as operator and manager of the joint operating company for the Azeri-Chirag-Deepwater Gunashli field, as manager of The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Company and by BP Exploration (Shah Deniz) Limited in its capacities as operator of the Shah Deniz field and as technical operator of The South Caucasus Pipeline Company. For this report each of these entities has provided information relevant to its project and statements applicable to its project. Front cover imagery The Sangachal terminal is one of the world’s largest integrated oil and...
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