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Prothero (lectures for 8/23, 8/30, 9/6) • How is religion defined? How is Christianity defined? What are some dis/advantages with each of the definitions? • What is religious literacy (and what are its different forms – pp.14-19)? Why is religious literacy significant (chs. 1-2)? • What does Prothero mean by religious illiteracy? How does this manifest itself (give examples – either from the text or from the lecture notes)? • What does Prothero identify as reasons behind the current religious illiteracy? • What does Prothero offer as a solution for the religious illiteracy problem? How practical is his solution? (ch.5) • Concepts: creationism (pp.213-4).

Popper, Lakatos, Hansson (lecture for 9/13) • What is the demarcation problem? • How does Popper answer the demarcation question? What does he mean by falsifiability? What problems are there with his answer? • How does Lakatos answer the demarcation question? What problems are there with his answer? What are the elements of a research programme? Why is this term significant for Lakatos? What is the difference between a progressive and a degenerating research programme? Give examples of each. • What is Hansson proposed answer to the demarcation problem? How is it different from Popper’s and Lakatos’ proposals?

Carrier (lectures for 9/13, 9/20) • How does Carrier define scientific literacy? How does this differ from the definition given by Hazen & Trefil (p.xii-xiii). • What are some of the characteristics of science (e.g., objectivity/universality, tentativeness)? • What are Carrier’s reasons for saying that there is no scientific method? • What is the scientific meta-method – or, what are the guiding principles in science? [conservatism and methodological naturalism; see esp. slide #4 on 9/20] • Concepts: scientific hypothesis, scientific theory, scientific law (and the differences between these).

McLean v. Arkansas and Kitzmiller v.Dover, plus commentaries from Ruse and Laudan, and Fales (lectures for 9/20, 9/27, 10/4) • How does the Act 590 define evolution-science and creation-science? • What is the plaintiffs’ argument in the court case? What is the defendants’ argument? What is the general contention of Judge Overton’s opinion? • What is the ‘contrived dualism’ mentioned in Judge Overton’s opinion? What is its significance? How is this concept relevant for the Kitzmiller v. Dover trial (even if implicitly)? • Ruse and Laudan offer different interpretations on Judge Overton’s opinion? What is the main difference between the positions the two hold? • What are some of the differences between Young Earth Creationism and Intelligent Design? What are some of the similarities between the two? • What are the similarities between the two court cases (McLean v Arkansas and Kitzmiller v Dover)? What are the main differences? • What is Fales’ criticism of Judge Jones’ opinion in Kitzmiller v. Dover? What is Fales’ proposal for science education? Does his view rule out ID as a potential scientific explanation? • Legal concepts: First Amendment; Establishment Clause; Free Exercise Clause; Lemon test (from Lemon v. Kurzmann – see lecture on 9/6, slide #20) as an interpretation of the Establishment Clause.

Exegetical questions (or, Essay questions) • From Prothero: “The US government is secular by law; American society is religious by choice” (p.29). How does this illustrate the First Amendment? • How does the proverb “The road to hell is paved with good intentions” apply in explaining religious illiteracy? [see esp. lecture on 9/6, slides 12-18] • “Evolution is both a theory and a fact.” Explain.

NOTE: You may bring in one (1) index card (3x5”, filled on both sides) with notes for the exam.

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