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2

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gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

3

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4

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6

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gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

7

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8

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gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

9

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10

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Abyf‡e w¯’i Kwijvg †h hyeviv VwKqv †Mj| VwKevi K_v, hyev `kÑev‡ivUv, wKš‘ hyeZxiv cÖvq Pwj−k Rb, †mB Pwj−k R‡b nvwm‡j nvBj‡Ûi cëb V‡K| nvm¨ÑDcnvm¨ †kl nB‡j, b„‡Z¨i D‡`¨vM Avi¤¢ nBj| hyeZx mK‡j nvZ aivawi Kwiqv Aa©P›`ªvK…wZ †iLvweb¨vm Kwiqv `uvovBj| †`wL‡Z eo PgrKvi nBj| mKj¸wjB mg-D”P, mKj¸wjB cv_y‡i Kv‡jv| mK‡ji gv_vq ebcy®ú, K‡Y© ebcy®ú, I‡ô nvwm| mK‡jB Avn¬v‡` cwic~Y©, Avn¬v‡` PÂj| e„‡×iv Bw½Z Kwi‡j hyev‡`i `‡j gv`j evwRj, Agwb hyeZx‡`i †`n †hb wknwiqv DwVj; c‡iB Zvnviv b„Z¨ Avi¤¢ Kwij| Zvnv‡`i b„Z¨ Avgv‡`i P‡¶ bZzb, Zvnviv Zv‡j Zv‡j cv †dwj‡Z‡Q, A_P †Kn P‡j bv; †`v‡j bv, U‡j bv| †h †hLv‡b `uvovBqvwQj, †m †mBLv‡bB `uvovBqv Zv‡j Zv‡j cv †dwj‡Z jvwMj| b„Z¨ Avi¤¢ nB‡j ci GK e„× gÂ nB‡Z Kw¤úZ K‡É GKwU Mx‡Zi ÔgnovÕ Avi¤¢ Kwij, Agwb hyeviv †mB MxZ D”P¯^‡i Mvwnqv DwVj, m‡½ m‡½ hyeZxiv Zxeª Zv‡b ÔayjvÕ awij| hyeZx‡`i my‡ii †XD wbK‡Ui cvnv‡o wMqv jvwM‡Z jvwMj| hyeZxiv Zv‡j Zv‡j bvwP‡Z‡Q, Zvnv‡`i gv_vi ebdzj †mBm‡½ DwV‡Z‡Q bvwg‡Z‡Q, Avevi †mB dz‡ji `ywUÑGKwU Swiqv Zvnv‡`i ¯‹‡Ü cwo‡Z‡Q| kxZKvj wbK‡U, `yBÑwZb ¯’v‡b û û Kwiqv AwMœ R¡wj‡Z‡Q, AwMœi Av‡jv‡K bZ©Kx‡`i eY© Av‡iv Kv‡jv †`LvB‡Z‡Q; Zvnviv Zv‡j Zv‡j bvwP‡Z‡Q, bvwP‡Z bvwP‡Z dz‡ji cvcwoi b¨vq mK‡j GKevi ÔwPwZqvÕ cwo‡Z‡Q, AvKvk nB‡Z P›`ª Zvnv †`wLqv nvwm‡Z‡Q, Avi eUg~‡ji AÜKv‡i ewmqv Avwg nvwm‡ZwQ|

kãv_© I UxKv : Kzmwy gZ KvbbÑdzj‡kvwfZ evMvb, dz‡jj evMvb, cÖ¯igqÑ ce©‡Zi gvwU cv_‡ii g‡Zv — n‡q hvIqv; KÈKvKxY©Ñ KuvUvq cwic~Y, `yMg; K`vPvixÑ KzrwmZ AvPvi, RNb¨ AvPiY, †bvsiv e¨envi; © © WvKMvwoÑ WvKevnx `ª“ZMvgx Mvwo, wPwVcÎ enbKvix Mvwo; g„wËKvi mvgvb¨ ¯Z~cÑ †QvU wUjv, DuPz RvqMv; `ª“Zc`we‡¶‡cÑ `ª“Z ev ZvovZvwo cv Pvwj‡q hvIqv; mv`‡iÑ Av`‡ii m‡½; cÖmbœZve¨ÄKÑ Avbw›`Z, Drdzj− wP‡Ë; GK Kuvw` mycK¡ gZ©gvb i¤¢vÑ GK Qov my›`ifv‡e ev cwic~Yiƒ‡c cvKv Kjv; ciMbvÑ © A‡bK¸‡jv MÖv‡gi mgwó, †Rjvi Ask we‡kl; †hb g‡Z© †gN Kwiqv‡QÑ cvnvo Ges Pvicv‡ki cwi‡e‡ki NbZ¡ †evSv‡Z G DcgvwU cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hb wePwjZ b`xi msL¨vZxZ Zi½ cvjv‡gŠ‡Z ch©vqµ‡g mgZjf~wg cvnvo †hb b`x-Zi‡½i g‡Zv Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| †KvjevjKÑ †Kvj m¤cÖ`vqfy³ evjK; mvZbixÑ KÉnvi, Mjvi gvjv; ayKawy KÑ j‡KU; aovÑ aywZ, Pxie¯¿; cv_y‡i †Q‡j¸wjÑ cvnvwo †Q‡j¸‡jv & mvaviYZ Kv‡jvI cwikªgx nq; AkxwZcivqYvÑ Avwki AwaK eqm wewkó e„×v; †jvjPh©vÑ wkw_j ev wXjv Pvgov; kªg‡nZz wPi‡hŠebvÑ cvnvwo GB †g‡qiv cwikªgx nIqvq mnmv e„× nq bv; A`¨vwcÑ AvRI, GL‡bv, †cbvj †KvWÑ †dŠR`vwi gvgjvi `Êwewa; RvbyÑ nuvUz, ¯‹ÜÑ Kuva| cvV cwiwPwZ : mÄxeP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi Ôcvjv‡gŠÕ bvqK åg‡Yvcb¨vm †_‡K AskwU msKwjZ I m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q| hyeK eq‡m †jLK GKevi cvjv‡gŠ wM‡qwQ‡jb| ZviB ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbv GwU| †mLvbKvi cvnvo-b`x-MvQcvjv m‡e©vcwi †mLvbKvi gvbyl †jLK‡K w`‡qwQj Acvi Avb›`| GK evOvwj cwiev‡i wZwb AvwZ_¨ MÖnY K‡ib| Zv‡`i cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi GK ˆkwíK eY©bv Av‡Q G iPbvq| †Kvj m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvby‡li mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb Dc‡fv‡Mi GK Dc‡fvM¨Ki eY©bvI i‡q‡Q| AZ¨š— mvejxj fvlvq I wm‡bg¨vwUK X‡O Dc¯’vwcZ KvwnbxwU wbtm‡›`‡n imvZ¥K Ges †KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

11

Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb 1. m¤cÖwZ Zzwg †hLv‡b wk¶v md‡i ev åg‡Y wM‡qwQ‡j Zvi weeiY `vI| 2. evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ `k©bxq ¯’v‡bi bvg I cwiP‡qi GKwU PvU© ˆZwi Ki| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| cvjv‡gŠ AÂ‡j cÖavbZ †Kvb RvwZi †jv‡Ki evm ? K. M. K. M. gvivwV †Kvj e` Af¨vm evPvjZv L. N. L. N. ¸RivwU gyÊvwi eq‡mi evwZK cvwÊZ¨

2| ÔMí Kiv G eq‡mi †ivMÕ Ñ GLv‡b e„‡×i †Kvb ˆewkó¨‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ?

DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Rvgvb evevi mv‡_ wm‡j‡Ui Rvdjs hvw”Qj| iv¯—v †_‡K cvnv‡oi †mŠ›`h© †`‡L Mvwo _vgv‡Z e‡j| Zvici †b‡g †mw`‡K †`Šov‡Z ïi“ K‡i| evev †evSv‡Z Pvq H cvnvo A‡bK `~i wKš‘ Rvgvb Zv wKQz‡ZB wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvq bv| 3| DÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb Ôcvjv‡gŠÕ iPbvi hvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© Ñ K. †jLK L. MvoIqvb M. e½evmx N. cÖwZ‡ekxi 4| Df‡qi g‡a¨ †h ˆewkó¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ K. wbe©yw×Zv L. åg M. GK¸u‡qgx N. mvnm m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Rwni mv‡n‡ei GjvKvi gvbyl Zvi evmv †_‡K GKUz `~‡i GKRb _v‡K| Zvi mv‡_ Avš—wiKZv, ü`¨Zv I PjvPj K‡i ¯^v”Q‡›`¨| wKš‘ Ab¨ GjvKv †_‡K Avmv Zvi cv‡ki evmvq _v‡K iwdK mv‡ne| Zvi mv‡_ m¤úK© fv‡jv _v‡K bv| eis memgq kÎ“Zvi m¤úK© weivR K‡i| K. †jLK nvRvwiev‡M KLb †cŠu‡QwQj ? L. †jL‡Ki ¶zav AwaKZi cÖ`xß nBj †Kb ? M. DÏxc‡Ki Rwni mv‡n‡ei ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ PjvP‡ji Kvh©µg¸‡jv Ôcvjv‡gŠÕ iPbvq Kv‡`i‡K Bw½Z K‡i Zv Zz‡j ai| N. ÔDÏxcKwU cvjv‡gŠ iPbvi LÊvsk gvÎ, c~Y©i~c bqÕÑ hyw³mn we‡k−lY Ki|

12

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

dz‡ji weevn ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq 26†k Ryb 1838 wLªóv‡ã cwðge‡½i PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi Aš—M©Z KuvVvjcvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb 1858 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K we.G cix¶vq DËxY© nb Ges †m eQiB †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷ªU I †WcywU Kv‡j±i c‡` PvKwi‡Z wbhy³ nb| ew¼gP›`ª †ZwÎk eQi GKB c‡` PvKwi K‡i 1891 mv‡j Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb cvV¨ve¯’vqB mvwnZ¨PP©v ïi“ K‡ib| Zuvi Amvgvb¨ K…wZZ¡ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q cvðvZ¨ fvev`‡k© evsjv Dcb¨vm iPbvi cw_K…r wn‡m‡e| 1865 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Zuvi cÖ_g evsjv Dcb¨vm `y‡M©kbw›`bx evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ GK bew`Mš— m„wó K‡i| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨vm n‡jv : KcvjKzÊjv, g„Yvwjbx, wele„¶, Bw›`iv, hyMjv½yixq, ivavivbx, P›`ª‡kLi, iRbx, K…òKv‡š—i DBj, ivRwmsn, Avb›`gV, †`ex †PŠayivbx I mxZvivg| cÖeÜ mvwn‡Z¨I ew¼gP›`ª K…wZZ¡ †`wL‡q‡Qb| KgjvKv‡š—i `ßi, †jvKinm¨, K…ò PwiÎ BZ¨vw` Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ cÖeÜMÖš’| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq 1894 mv‡ji 8B GwcÖj g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|]

ˆekvL gvm weev‡ni gvm| Avwg 1jv ˆekv‡L bmx eveyi dzjevMv‡b ewmqv GKwU weevn †`wLjvg| fwel¨r eiKb¨vw`‡Mi wk¶v_© wjwLqv ivwL‡ZwQ| gwj−Kv dz‡ji weevn| ˆeKvjÑˆkke AemvbcÖvq, KwjKv-Kb¨v weevn‡hvM¨v nBqv Avwmj| Kb¨vi wcZv eo‡jvK b‡n, ¶y`ª e„¶, Zvnv‡Z Avevi A‡bK¸wj Kb¨vfvivMÖ¯—| m¤^‡Üi A‡bK K_v nB‡ZwQj, wKš‘ †KvbUv w¯’i nq bvB| D`¨v‡bi ivRv ¯’jcÙ wb‡`©vl cvÎ e‡U, wKš‘ No eo DuPz, ¯’jcÙ AZ `~i bvwgj bv| Rev G weev‡n Am¤§Z wQj bv, wKš‘ Rev eo ivMx, Kb¨vKZ©v wcQvB‡jb| MÜivR cvÎ fv‡jv, wKš‘ eo †`gvM, cÖvq Zuvnvi evi cvIqv hvq bv| GBi~c Ae¨e¯’vi mg‡q ågiivR NUK nBqv gwj−Kve„¶m`‡b Dcw¯’Z nB‡jb| wZwb Avwmqv ewj‡jb, Ô¸Y&& ! ¸Y&& ! ¸Y&& †g‡q Av‡Q ?Õ gwj−Kve„¶ cvZv bvwoqv mvq w`‡jb, ÔAv‡Q !Õ ågi cÎvmb MÖnY Kwiqv ewj‡jb, Ô¸Y&& ¸Y&& ¸Y&& ! ¸Y&& ¸Yv¸Y&& ! †g‡q †`wLe|Õ e„¶, kvLv bZ Kwiqv gyw`Zbqbv Ae¸ÉbeZx Kb¨v †`LvB‡jb| ågi GKevi e„¶‡K cÖ`w¶Y Kwiqv Avwmqv ewj‡jb, Ô¸Y&& ! ¸Y&& ! ¸Y&& ! ¸Y †`wL‡Z PvB| †NvgUv †Lvj|Õ j¾vkxjv Kb¨v wKQz‡ZB †Nvg&&Uv Ly‡j bv| e„¶ ewj‡jb, ÔAvgvi †g‡q¸wj eo jvRyK| Zzwg GKUz A‡c¶v Ki, Avwg gyL †`LvB‡ZwQ|Õ ågi †fuv Kwiqv ¯’jc‡Ùi ˆeVKLvbvq wMqv ivRcy‡Îi m‡½ BqviwK Kwi‡Z ewm‡jb| Gw`‡K gwj−Kvi mÜ¨vVvKzivYx-w`w` Avwmqv Zvnv‡K KZ eySvB‡Z jvwMj Ñ ewjj, Ôw`w`, GKevi †Nvg&&Uv †Lvj Ñ bB‡j, ei Avwm‡e bv Ñ j²x Avgvi, Puv` Avgvi, †mvbv Avgvi, BZ¨vw`|Õ KwjKv KZevi Nvo bvwoj, KZevi ivM Kwiqv gyL NyivBj, KZ evi ewjj, ÔVvb&&w`w`, ZzB hv !Õ wKš‘ †k‡l mÜ¨vi wmœ» ¯^fv‡e gy» nBqv

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

13

gyL Lywjj| ZLb NUK gnvkq †fuv Kwiqv ivRevox nB‡Z bvwgqv Avwmqv NUKvjx‡Z gb w`‡jb| Kb¨vi cwig‡j gy» nBqv ewj‡jb, Ô¸Y&& ¸Y&& ¸Y&& ¸Y ¸Yv¸Y&& ! Kb¨v ¸YeZx e‡U| N‡i gay KZ ?Õ Kb¨vKZ©v e„¶ ewj‡jb, Ôd`© w`‡eb, Kovq MÊvq eySvBqv w`‡e|Õ ågi ewj‡jb, Ô¸Y&& ¸Y&&, Avcbvi A‡bK ¸Y Ñ NUKvjxUv ?Õ Kb¨vKZ©v kvLv bvwoqv mvq w`j, ÔZvI n‡e|Õ ågiÑÔewj NUKvjxi wKQz AvMvg w`‡j nq bv ?Õ bM` `vb eo ¸YÑ¸Y&& ¸Y&& ¸Y&|Õ ¶z`ª e„¶wU ZLb wei³ nBqv, mKj kvLv bvwoqv ewjj, ÔAv‡M e‡ii K_v ej Ñ ei †K ?Õ ågiÑÔei AwZ mycvÎ|Ñ Zuvi A‡bK ¸Y-bÑb&|Õ G mKj K‡_vcK_b gby‡l¨ ïwb‡Z cvq bv, Avwg †Kej w`e¨ KY© cvBqvB G mKj ïwb‡ZwQjvg| Avwg ïwb‡Z jvwMjvg, KzjvPvh© gnvkq, cvLv Svwoqv, Qq cv QovBqv †Mvjv‡ei gwngv KxZ©b Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| ewj‡ZwQ‡jb †h, †Mvjve esk eo Kjxb; †Kb bv, Bnviv Ôdz‡jÕ †gj| hw` ej, mKj dzjB dz‡j, Z_vwc †Mvjv‡ei †MŠie AwaK; †Kb bv, Bnviv mv¶vr evÂvgvjxi mš—vb; Zvnvi ¯^n¯—‡ivwcZ| hw` ej, G dz‡j KuvUv Av‡Q, †Kvb&& Kz‡j ev †Kvb&& dz‡j bvB ? hvnv nDK, NUKivR †Kvbi~‡c m¤^Ü w¯’i Kwiqv, †euv Kwiqv Dwoqv wMqv, †Mvjve eveyi evwo‡Z Lei w`‡jb| †Mvjve, ZLb evZv‡mi m‡½ bvwPqv bvwPqv, nvwmqv nvwmqv, jvdvBqv jvdvBqv †Ljv Kwi‡ZwQj, weev‡ni bvg ïwbqv Avn¬vw`Z nBqv Kb¨vi eqm wRÁvmv Kwij| ågi ewjj, ÔAvwR Kvwj dzwU‡e|Õ †Mvaywj jMœ Dcw¯’Z, †Mvjve weev‡n hvÎvi D‡`¨vM Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb| Dw”P½ov bner evRvB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwij ; †gŠgvwQ mvbvB‡qi evqbv jBqvwQj, wKš‘ ivZKvbv ewjqv m‡½ hvB‡Z cvwij bv| L‡`¨v‡Ziv Svo awij ; AvKv‡k ZvivevwR nB‡Z jvwMj| †KvwKj Av‡M Av‡M dzKivB‡Z jvwMj| A‡bK eihvÎv Pwjj; ¯^qs ivRKzgvi ¯’jcÙ w`evemv‡b Amy¯’Ki ewjqv Avwm‡Z cvwi‡jb bv, wKš‘ Rev‡Mvôx Ñ †k¦Z Rev, i³ Rev, Ri` Rev cÖf…wZ mes‡k AvwmqvwQj| Kiex‡ii `j, †m‡K‡j ivRvw`‡Mi gZ eo D”P Wv‡j Pwoqv Avwmqv Dcw¯’Z nBj| †muDwZ bxZei nB‡e ewjqv, mvwRqv Avwmqv `ywj‡Z jvwMj| Mi‡`i †Rvo cwiqv Puvcv Avwmqv `uvovBj Ñ DMÖ MÜ QzwU‡Z jvwMj| MÜiv‡Riv eo evnvi w`qv, `‡j `‡j Avwmqv, MÜ wejvBqv †`k gvZvB‡Z jvwMj| A‡kvK †bkvq jvj nBqv Avwmqv Dcw¯’Z; m‡½ GK cvj wcc&&ov †gvmv‡qe nBqv Avwmqv‡Q; Zvnv‡`i ¸‡Yi m‡½ m¤^Ü bvB, wKš‘ `uv‡Zi R¡vjv eoÑ†Kvb&& weev‡n bv Gi~c eihvÎ †Rv‡U, Avi †Kvb&& weev‡n bv Zvnviv ûj dzUvBqv weev` evavq ? Kzi“eyK KzUR cÖf…wZ AviI A‡bK eihvÎ AvwmqvwQ‡jb, NUK gnvk‡qi Kv‡Q Zuvnv‡`i cwiPq ïwb‡eb| me©ÎB wZwb hvZvqvZ K‡ib Ges wKQz wKQz gay cvBqv _v‡Kb| AvgviI wbgš¿Y wQj, AvwgI †Mjvg| †`wL, eic‡¶i eo wec`| evZvm evn‡Ki evqbv jBqvwQ‡jb; ZLb ûuÑûg Kwiqv A‡bK gi&&`vwb KwiqvwQ‡jb, wKš‘ Kv‡Ri mgq †Kv_vq jyKvB‡jb, †Kn LyuwRqv cvq

14

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

bv| †`wLjvg, ei eihvÎ, mK‡j AevK nBqv w¯’ifv‡e `uvovBqv Av‡Qb| gwj−Kvw`‡Mi Kzj hvq †`wLqv, AvwgB evn‡Ki Kvh© ¯^xKvi Kwijvg| ei, eihvÎ mKj‡K Zzwjqv jBqv gwj−Kvcy‡i †Mjvg| †mLv‡b †`wLjvg, Kb¨vKzj, mKj fwMbx, Avn¬v‡` †NvgUv Lywjqv gyL dzUvBqv, cwigj QzUvBqv, my‡Li nvwm nvwm‡Z‡Q| †`wLjvg, cvZvq cvZvq RovRwo, M‡Üi fvÊv‡i QovQwo cwoqv wMqv‡QÑi~‡ci fv‡i mK‡j fvw½qv cwo‡Z‡Q| hyw_, gvjZx, eKzj, iRbxMÜv cÖf…wZ G‡qvMY ¯¿x-AvPvi Kwiqv eiY Kwij| †`wLjvg, cy‡ivwnZ Dcw¯’Z; bmx eveyi begelx©qv Kb¨v (Rxeš— KzmygcywcYx) KzmygjZv m~P myZv jBqv `uvovBqv Av‡Q; Kb¨vKZ©v Kb¨v m¤úª`vb Kwi‡jb; cy‡ivwnZ gnvkq `yBRb‡K GK m~Zvq Muvw_qv MuvUQov euvwaqv w`‡jb| ZLb ei‡K evmiÑN‡i jBqv †Mj| KZ †h imgqx gaygqx my›`ix †mLv‡b ei‡K †Nwiqv ewmj, Zvnv wK ewje| cÖvPxbv VvKzivYxw`w` UMi mv`v cÖv‡Y euvav iwmKZv Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z ïKvBqv DwV‡jb| i½‡Yi iv½vgy‡L nvwm a‡i bv| hyB, K‡b¨i mB, K‡b¨i Kv‡Q wMqv ïBj; iRbxMÜv‡K ei ZvoKv iv¶mx ewjqv KZ Zvgvmv Kwij; eKzj G‡K evwjKv, Zv‡Z hZ MyY, ZZ i~c b‡n; GK‡Kv‡Y wMqv Pzc Kwiqv ewmqv iwnj; Avi Szg&Kv dzj eo gvby‡li M„wnYxi gZ †gvUv bxj kvox QovBqv RgKvBqv ewmj| ZLbÑ ÔKgjKvKvÑIV evwo hvBÑ ivZ n‡q‡Q, I wK, Xz‡j co‡e †h ?Õ KzmygjZv GB K_v ewjqv Avgvi Mv †Vwj‡ZwQj; Ñ PgK nB‡j, †`wLjvg wKQzB bvB| †mB cy®úevmi †Kv_vq wgwkj ? Ñ g‡b Kwijvg, msmvi AwbZ¨B e‡UÑGB Av‡Q GB bvB| †m ig¨ evmi †K_vq †Mj,Ñ †mB nvm¨gyLx ïåw¯§Zmyavgqx cy®úmy›`ixmKj †Kv_vq †Mj ? †hLv‡b me hvB‡e, †mBLv‡bÑ ¯§„wZi `c©YZ‡j, f~ZmvMiM‡f©| †hLv‡b ivRv cÖRv, ce©Z mgy`ª, MÖn b¶Îvw` wMqv‡Q ev hvB‡e, †mBLv‡b Ñ aŸsmcy‡i! GB weev‡ni b¨vq me k~‡b¨ wgkvB‡e, me evZv‡m Mwjqv hvB‡e Ñ †Kej _vwK‡e Ñ Kx ? †fvM ? bv, †fvM¨ bv _vwK‡j †fvM _vwK‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e Kx ? ¯§„wZ ? Kzmyg ewjj, ÔIV bvÑwK K‡”Pv ?Õ Avwg ewjjvg, Ô`~i cvMwj, Avwg we‡q w`w”Qjvg|Õ Kzmyg †Nu‡l G‡m, †n‡m †n‡m Kv‡Q `uvovBqv Av`i Kwiqv wRÁvmv Kwij, ÔKvi we‡q, KvKv ?Õ Avwg ewjjvg, Ôdz‡ji we‡q|Õ ÔIt †cvov Kcvj, dz‡ji ? Avwg ewj wK ! AvwgI †h GB dz‡ji we‡q w`‡qwQ|Õ ÔKB ?Õ ÔGB †h gvjv Muvw_qvwQ|Õ †`wLjvg, †mB gvjvq Avgvi ei Kb¨v iwnqv‡Q|

kãv_© I UxKv : Kb¨vfviMÖ¯— Ñ weevn‡hvM¨v Kb¨v A‡_©; m¤^‡Üi Ñ we‡qi; Kb¨vKZ©v Ñ Kb¨vi
AwffveK; cÎvmb Ñ cvZvi Dci Avmb; Ae¸ÉbeZ©xÑ †NvgUv †`Iqv; BqviwK Ñ eÜz‡`i m‡½B ejv P‡j Ggb Avjvc; mÜ¨vVvKzivYx w`w` Ñ GLv‡b mÜ¨vKvj‡K w`w` e‡j m‡¤^vab Kiv n‡”Q; cwigj Ñ myMÜ; M‡Üvcva¨vq Ñ M‡Üi ivRv †evSv‡Z; KzjvPvh© Ñ Kz‡ji AvPvh© ev es‡ki cÖavb cy‡ivwnZ; evÃvgvwj Ñ †h gvwj B‡”QgZ dzj †dvUv‡Z cv‡i; L‡`¨vZ Ñ †RvbvwK †cvKv; G‡qvMY Ñ maev bvix; KgjKvKv Ñ KgjvKvš—‡K KvKv e‡j m‡¤^vab Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

15

cvV cwiwPwZ : ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi jNyiPbv ÔKgjvKv‡š—i `ßiÕ MÖ‡š’i beg msL¨K †jLv Ôdz‡ji weevnÕ| GB iPbvq nvm¨i‡mi gva¨‡g wewfbœ dz‡ji bvg, †m dzj¸‡jvi M‡Üi ZviZg¨, e‡Y©i iKg‡di AZ¨š— ms‡e`bkxjZvi m‡½ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb ew¼gP›`ª| KLb †Kvb dzj †dv‡U †m ch©‡e¶YI GB iPbvq cvIqv hvq| we‡q-Abyôvb evOvwji Rxe‡b, we‡kl K‡i evwoi wkï-wK‡kvi I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i g‡a¨ AZxe Avb›` wb‡q Av‡m| GB Abyôv‡b ei-K‡b †K‡›`ª _vK‡jI ei-K‡bi gvZv-wcZv, K‡bi cowk bvixiv bvbv gv½wjK eª‡Z m¤ú„³ _v‡Kb, NUKI _v‡Kb we‡klfv‡e hy³| we‡q Abyôv‡bi m‡½ hy³ _v‡Kb Ggb bvbv e¨w³i cwie‡Z© wewfbœ dz‡ji D‡j−L K‡i AmvaviY `¶Zvq ew¼gP›`ª evOvwji Mvn©¯’¨ GKwU Abyôv‡b Av‡iv Avb›``vqK K‡i GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi GB iPbvfw½ evsjv M`¨ weKv‡ki †¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb 1. cvVwU‡Z †hme dz‡ji K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi bvg I M‡Üi cwiPq w`‡q GKwU PvU© ˆZwi Ki| 2. dz‡ji eûwea e¨envi wjwce× K‡i †kªwY wk¶K‡K †`LvI| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| Ôdz‡ji weevnÕ M‡íi cvÎ †K wQj ? K. M. K. M. gwj−Kv iRbxMÜv †fvgi MvQcvjv L. N. L. N. ¯’jcÙ gvjZx e„¶ dzj

2| G M‡í Kb¨vKzj ej‡Z Kv‡`i‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ?

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Rwg`vi Rbva©b †Nvl †g‡qi we‡q w`‡Z wM‡q cvÎ Lyu‡R †eov‡”Qb| A‡bK †LuvRvLyuwRi ci Ae‡k‡l ivq evnv`yi †PŠayixi GKgvÎ cyÎ †`evkxl‡K cvIqv †Mj| i~‡c-My‡Y †m AZzjbxq| 3| DÏxc‡Ki †`evkx‡li mv‡_ Ôdz‡ji weevnÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Ñ
i. MÜiv‡Ri ii. †Mvjv‡ei iii. iRbxMÜvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. i iii

L. N.

ii i, ii I iii

16

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

4| Gi~c mv`„‡k¨i KviY Kx ? K. M. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ †gŠix GKw`b evevi Kv‡Q evqbv a‡i †evUvwbKvj Mv‡W©‡b †eov‡Z hv‡e| evev GKw`b I‡K wb‡q †eov‡Z †M‡j †m fxlY Lywk nq| bvbv Rv‡Zi dzj-d‡ji Mv‡Qi mgv‡ivn †`‡L †m Awff~Z n‡q hvq| `xN©w`b †m †hme dzj-d‡ji bvg ï‡b‡Q †m¸‡jv AvR wbR †Pv‡L †`‡L LyeB Avbw›`Z nq| Ae‡k‡l wm×vš— †bq Ñ evwoi AvwObvq †QvÆ GKUv evMvb Ki‡e| K. L. M. N. Ôdz‡ji weevnÕ M‡í †K NU‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i ? ¶y`ª e„¶wU †Kb wei³ n‡qwQj ? DÏxc‡Ki †gŠixi fv‡jvjvMvi Ôdz‡ji weevnÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| †gŠixi gv‡S m„ó cÖwZwµqvB †hb Ôdz‡ji weevnÕ M‡íi g~j †PZbv Ñ hyw³mn eywS‡q †jL| †mŠ›`h© †KŠwjb¨ L. N. cÖwZcwË Ae¯’vb

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

17

myfv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 25†k ˆekvL 1268 mv‡j (7B †g 1861 wLªóvã) KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi Ges wcZvgn wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi| we`¨vj‡qi AvbyôvwbK wk¶v wZwb jvf K‡ibwb, wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨i wewPÎ †¶‡Î Zuvi c`PviYv GK we¯§‡qi welq| wZwb wQ‡jb cÖK…Z A‡_©B Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvai e¨w³| evj¨Kv‡jB Zuvi KwecÖwZfvi D‡b¥l N‡U| gvÎ c‡bi eQi eq‡m Zuvi ebdzj Kve¨ cÖKvwkZ nq| 1913 mv‡j iex›`ªbv_ ÔMxZvÄwjÕ Kv‡e¨i Rb¨ Gkxq‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| e¯‘Z Zuvi GKK mvabvq evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ mKj kvLvq `ª“Z DbœwZ jvf K‡i Ges wek¦`iev‡i †MŠi‡ei Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ nq| wZwb GKvav‡i mvwnwZ¨K, `vk©wbK, wk¶vwe`, myiKvi, bvU¨ cÖ‡hvRK I Awf‡bZv| Kve¨, †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ, Mvb BZ¨vw` mvwn‡Z¨i mKj kvLvB Zuvi Ae`v‡b mg„×| Zuvi ARmª iPbvi g‡a¨ ÔgvbmxÕ, Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ, ÔwPÎvÕ, ÔKíbvÕ, Ô¶wYKvÕ, ÔejvKvÕ, ÔcybðÕ, Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ, Ô†MvivÕ, ÔN‡i evB‡iÕ, Ô†hvMv‡hvMÕ, Ô†k‡li KweZvÕ, ÔwemR©bÕ, ÔWvKNiÕ, Ôi³KiexÕ, ÔMí¸”QÕ, ÔwewPÎ cÖeÜÕ BZ¨vw` we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| 22‡k kÖveY 1348 mv‡j (7B AvM÷ 1941 wLªóvã) KjKvZvi wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib| ]

†g‡qwUi bvg hLb myfvwlYx ivLv nBqvwQj ZLb †K RvwbZ †m †evev nB‡e| Zvnvi `ywU e‡ov †evb‡K my‡Kwkbx I mynvwmbx bvg †`Iqv nBqvwQj, ZvB wg‡ji Aby‡iv‡a Zvnvi evc †Qv‡Uv †g‡qwUi bvg myfvwlYx iv‡L| GLb mK‡j Zvnv‡K ms‡¶‡c myfv e‡j| `¯‘igZ AbymÜvb I A_©e¨‡q e‡ov `ywU †g‡qi weevn nBqv †M‡Q, GLb †Qv‡UvwU wcZvgvZvi bxie ü`qfv‡ii g‡Zv weivR Kwi‡Z‡Q| †h K_v Kq bv †m †h Abyfe K‡i Bnv mK‡ji g‡b nq bv, GBRb¨ Zvnvi mv¶v‡ZB mK‡j Zvnvi fwel¨r m¤^‡Ü `ywðš—v cÖKvk KwiZ| †m †h weavZvi Awfkvc¯^i~‡c Zvnvi wcZ…M„‡n Avwmqv Rb¥MÖnY Kwiqv‡Q G K_v †m wkïKvj nB‡Z eywSqv jBqvwQj| Zvnvi dj GB nBqvwQj, mvavi‡Yi `„wóc_ nB‡Z †m Avcbv‡K †Mvcb Kwiqv ivwL‡Z me©`vB †Póv KwiZ| g‡b KwiZ, Avgv‡K mevB fzwj‡j euvwP| wKš‘, †e`bv wK †Kn KL‡bv †fv‡j? wcZvgvZvi g‡b †m me©`vB RvMi~K wQj| we‡klZ, Zvnvi gv Zvnv‡K wb‡Ri GKUv ÎywU¯^i~c †`wL‡Zb; †Kbbv, gvZv cyÎ A‡c¶v Kb¨v‡K wb‡Ri Aski~‡c †`‡LbÑ Kb¨vi †Kv‡bv Am¤ú~Y© †`wL‡j †mUv †hb we‡kli~‡c wb‡Ri j¾vi KviY ewjqv g‡b K‡ib| eiÂ, Kb¨vi wcZv evYxKÉ myfv‡K Zuvnvi Ab¨ †g‡q‡`i A‡c¶v †hb GKUz †ewk fv‡jvevwm‡Zb; wKš‘ gvZv Zvnv‡K wb‡Ri M‡f©i Kj¼ Ávb Kwiqv Zvnvi cÖwZ e‡ov wei³ wQ‡jb| myfvi K_v wQj bv, wKš‘ Zvnvi my`xN©cj−ewewkó e‡ov e‡ov `ywU Kv‡jv †PvL wQjÑGes Zvnvi Iôvai fv‡ei AvfvmgvÎ KwP wKkj‡qi g‡Zv Kuvwcqv DwVZ| K_vq Avgiv †h fve cÖKvk Kwi †mUv Avgvw`M‡K A‡bKUv wb‡Ri †Póvq Mwoqv jB‡Z nq, KZKUv ZR©gv Kivi g‡Zv; mKj mg‡q wVK nq bv, ¶gZvi Afv‡e A‡bK mg‡q fzjI nq| wKš‘ Kv‡jv †PvL‡K wKQz ZR©gv Kwi‡Z nq bvÑgb Avcwb Zvnvi Dc‡i Qvqv †d‡j; fve Avcwb Zvnvi Dc‡i KL‡bv cÖmvwiZ KL‡bv gyw`Z nq; KL‡bv D¾¡jfv‡e R¡wjqv D‡V, KL‡bv ¤−vbfv‡e wbweqv Av‡m,

18

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

KL‡bv A¯—gvb P‡›`ªi g‡Zv Awb‡glfv‡e Pvwnqv _v‡K, KL‡bv `ªyZ PÂj we`y¨‡Zi g‡Zv w`M&wew`‡K wVKwiqv D‡V| gy‡Li fve ˆe AvRb¥Kvj hvnvi Ab¨ fvlv bvB Zvnvi †Pv‡Li fvlv Amxg D`vi Ges AZj¯úk© MfxiÑ A‡bKUv ¯^”Q AvKv‡ki g‡Zv, D`qv¯— Ges Qvqv‡jv‡Ki wb¯—ä i½f~wg| GB evK¨nxb gby‡l¨i g‡a¨ e„nr cÖK…wZi g‡Zv GKUv weRb gnË¡ Av‡Q| GBRb¨ mvaviY evjKevwjKviv Zvnv‡K GKcÖKvi fq KwiZ, Zvnvi mwnZ †Ljv KwiZ bv| †m wbR©b wØcÖn‡ii g‡Zv kãnxb Ges m½xnxb| MÖv‡gi bvg PÊxcyi| b`xwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †Qv‡Uv b`x, M„n¯’N‡ii †g‡qwUi g‡Zv, eû`~i ch©š— Zvnvi cÖmvi b‡n; wbijmv Zš^x b`xwU Avcb K~j i¶v Kwiqv KvR Kwiqv hvq; `yB av‡ii MÖv‡gi mK‡jiB m‡½ Zvnvi †hb GKUv-bv-GKUv m¤úK© Av‡Q| `yB av‡i †jvKvjq Ges Ziy”QvqvNb D”P ZU; wbgœZj w`qv MÖvgj²x †mªvZw¯^bx AvZ¥we¯§„Z `ªyZ c`‡¶‡c cÖdzj− ü`‡q Avcbvi AmsL¨ Kj¨vYKv‡h© Pwjqv‡Q| evYxK‡Éi Ni b`xi G‡Kev‡i Dc‡iB Zvnvi euvLvwii †eov, AvUPvjv, †MvqvjNi, †XuwKkvjv, L‡oi ¯—~c, †ZuZzjZjv, Avg KuvVvj Ges Kjvi evMvb †bŠKvevwn-gv‡ÎiB `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| GB Mvn©¯’¨ m”QjZvi g‡a¨ †evev †g‡qwU KvnviI bR‡i c‡o wK bv Rvwb bv, wKš‘ KvRK‡g© hLwb Aemi cvq ZLwb †m GB b`xZx‡i Avwmqv e‡m| cÖK…wZ †hb Zvnvi fvlvi Afve c~iY Kwiqv †`q| †hb Zvnvi nBqv K_v Kq| b`xi KjaŸwb, †jv‡Ki †Kvjvnj, gvwSi Mvb, cvwLi WvK, Ziyi gg©iÑmg¯— wgwk‡q Pvwiw`‡Ki Pjv‡div-Av‡›`vjb-K¤ú‡bi mwnZ GK nBqv mgy‡`ªi Zi½ivwki b¨vq evwjKvi wPiwb¯—ä ü`q-DcK~‡ji wbK‡U Avwmqv fvwOqv c‡o| cÖK…wZi GB wewea kã Ges wewPÎ MwZ, BnvI †evevi fvlv Ñ e‡ov e‡ov P¶zcj−ewewkó myfvi †h fvlv ZvnviB GKUv wek¦e¨vcx we¯—vi; wSwj−iec~Y© Z…Yf~wg nB‡Z kãvZxZ b¶Î‡jvK ch©š— †Kej Bw½Z, fw½, msMxZ, µ›`b Ges `xN©wbk¦vm| Ges ga¨v‡ý hLb gvwSiv †R‡jiv LvB‡Z hvBZ, M„n‡¯’iv NygvBZ, cvwLiv WvwKZ bv, †Lqv-†bŠKv eÜ _vwKZ, mRb RMr mg¯— KvRK‡g©i gvSLv‡b mnmv _vwgqv wMqv fqvbK weRbg~wZ© aviY KwiZ, ZLb iy`ª gnvKv‡ki Z‡j †Kej GKwU †evev cÖK…wZ Ges GKwU †evev †g‡q gyLvgywL Pzc Kwiqv ewmqv _vwKZÑ GKRb mywe¯—xY© †iŠ‡`ª, Avi-GKRb ¶z`ª Ziy”Qvqvq| mzfvi †h ¸wUKZK Aš—i½ eÜzi `j wQj bv Zvnv b‡n| †Mvqv‡ji `ywU Mvfx, Zvnv‡`i bvg me©kx I cv½ywj| †m bvg evwjKvi gy‡L Zvnviv KL‡bv ï‡b bvB, wKš‘ Zvnvi c`kã Zvnviv wPwbZÑ Zvnvi K_vnxb GKUv KiyY myi wQj, Zvnvi gg© Zvnviv fvlvi A‡c¶v mn‡R eywSZ| myfv KLb Zvnv‡`i Av`i Kwi‡Z‡Q, KLb fr©mbv Kwi‡Z‡Q, KLb wgbwZ Kwi‡Z‡Q, Zvnv Zvnviv gvby‡li A‡c¶v fv‡jv eywS‡Z cvwiZ| myfv †Mvqv‡j XzwKqv `yB evûi Øviv me©kxi MÖxev †eób Kwiqv Zvnvi Kv‡bi Kv‡Q Avcbvi MÊ‡`k Nl©Y KwiZ Ges cv½ywj wmœ»`„wó‡Z Zvnvi cÖwZ wbix¶Y Kwiqv Zvnvi Mv PvwUZ| evwjKv w`‡bi g‡a¨ wbqwgZ wZbevi Kwiqv †MvqvjN‡i hvBZ, Zvnv Qvov AwbqwgZ AvMgbI wQj; M„‡n †h w`b †Kv‡bv KwVb K_v ïwbZ †m w`b †m Amg‡q Zvnvi GB g~K eÜz`ywUi Kv‡Q AvwmZÑ Zvnvi mwnòzZvcwic~Y© welv`kvš— `„wócvZ nB‡Z Zvnviv Kx-GKUv AÜ Abygvbkw³i Øviv evwjKvi gg©‡e`bv †hb eywS‡Z

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

19

cvwiZ, Ges myfvi Mv †Nuwlqv Avwmqv A‡í A‡í Zvnvi evû‡Z wks Nwlqv Nwlqv Zvnv‡K wbe©vK e¨vKzjZvi mwnZ mvš—¡bv w`‡Z †Póv KwiZ| Bnviv Qvov QvMj Ges weovjkveKI wQj; wKš‘ Zvnv‡`i mwnZ myfvi Gi~c mgK¶fv‡e ˆgÎx wQj bv, Z_vwc Zvnviv h‡_ó AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk KwiZ| weovjwkïwU w`‡b Ges iv‡Î hLb-ZLb myfvi Mig †KvjwU wbtms‡Kv‡P AwaKvi Kwiqv myLwb`ªvi Av‡qvRb KwiZ Ges myfv Zvnvi MÖxev I c„‡ô †Kvgj Av½ywj eyjvBqv w`‡j †h Zvnvi wb`ªvKl©‡Yi we‡kl mnvqZv nq, Bw½‡Z Gi~c AwfcÖvqI cÖKvk KwiZ| DbœZ †kªwYi Rx‡ei g‡a¨ myfvi Av‡iv GKwU m½x RywUqvwQj| wKš‘ Zvnvi mwnZ evwjKvi wVK wKi~c m¤úK© wQj Zvnv wbY©q Kiv KwVb, KviY, †m fvlvwewkó Rxe; myZivs Df‡qi g‡a¨ mgfvlv wQj bv| †MuvmvB‡`i †Qv‡Uv †Q‡jwUÑZvnvi bvg cÖZvc| †jvKwU wbZvš— AKg©Y¨| †m †h KvRKg© Kwiqv msmv‡ii DbœwZ Kwi‡Z hZœ Kwi‡e eû †Póvi ci evc-gv †m Avkv Z¨vM Kwiqv‡Qb| AKg©Y¨ †jv‡Ki GKUv myweav GB †h, AvZ¥xq †jv‡Kiv Zvnv‡`i Dc‡i wei³ nq e‡U, wKš‘ cÖvq Zvnviv wbtm¤úK© †jvK‡`i wcÖqcvÎ nqÑ KviY, †Kv‡bv Kv‡h© AveÜ bv _vKv‡Z Zvnviv miKvwi m¤úwË nBqv `uvovq| kn‡ii †hgb GK-AvaUv M„nm¤úK©nxb miKvwi evMvb _vKv Avek¨K †Zgwb MÖv‡g `yB-PvwiUv AKg©Y¨ miKvwi †jvK _vKvi we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb| Kv‡R-K‡g© Av‡gv‡`-Aem‡i †hLv‡b GKUv †jvK Kg c‡o †mLv‡bB Zvnvw`M‡K nv‡Zi Kv‡Q cvIqv hvq| cÖZv‡ci cÖavb kLÑ wQc †dwjqv gvQ aiv| Bnv‡Z A‡bK mgq mn‡R KvUv‡bv hvq| Aciv‡nœ b`xZx‡i Bnv‡K cÖvq GB Kv‡R wbhy³ †`Lv hvBZ| Ges GB Dcj‡¶ myfvi mwnZ Zvnvi cÖvq mv¶vr nBZ| †h†Kv‡bv Kv‡RB wbhy³ _vK, GKUv m½x cvB‡j cÖZvc _v‡K fv‡jv| gvQ aivi mgq evK¨nxb m½xB me©v‡c¶v †kªôÑ GBRb¨ cÖZvc myfvi gh©v`v eywSZ| GBRb¨ mK‡jB myfv‡K myfv ewjZ, cÖZvc AviGKUz AwZwi³ Av`i ms‡hvM Kwiqv myfv‡K ÔmyÕ ewjqv WvwKZ| myfv †ZuZzjZjvq ewmqv _vwKZ Ges cÖZvc AbwZ`~‡i wQc †dwjqv R‡ji w`‡K Pvwnqv _vwKZ| cÖZv‡ci GKwU Kwiqv cvb eivÏ wQj, myfv Zvnv wb‡R mvwRqv AvwbZ| Ges †eva Kwi A‡bK¶Y ewmqv ewmqv Pvwnqv B”Qv KwiZ, cÖZv‡ci †Kv‡bv-GKUv we‡kl mvnvh¨ Kwi‡Z, GKUv-†Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvwM‡Z, †Kv‡bvg‡Z RvbvBqv w`‡Z †h GB c„w_ex‡Z †mI GKRb Kg cÖ‡qvRbxq †jvK b‡n| wKš‘ wKQzB Kwievi wQj bv| ZLb †m g‡b g‡b weavZvi Kv‡Q A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv cÖv_©bv KwiZÑ gš¿e‡j mnmv Ggb GKUv Avðh© KvÊ NUvB‡Z B”Qv KwiZ hvnv †`wLqv cÖZvc Avðh© nBqv hvBZ, ewjZ, ÔZvB †Zv, Avgv‡`i mywfi †h GZ ¶gZv Zvnv †Zv RvwbZvg bv|Õ g‡b K‡iv, mzfv hw` RjKzgvix nBZ, Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Rj nB‡Z DwVqv GKUv mv‡ci gv_vi gwY Nv‡U ivwLqv hvBZ; cÖZvc Zvnvi Zz”Q gvQ aiv ivwLqv †mB gvwbK jBqv R‡j Wze gvwiZ; Ges cvZv‡j wMqv †`wLZ, i~cvi AÆvwjKvq †mvbvi cvj‡¼Ñ†K ewmqv?Ñ Avgv‡`i evYxK‡Éi N‡ii †mB †evev †g‡q myÑ Avgv‡`i my †mB gwY`xß Mfxi wb¯—ä cvZvjcyixi GKgvÎ ivRKb¨v| Zvnv wK nB‡Z cvwiZ bv| Zvnv wK GZB Am¤¢e| Avm‡j wKQzB Am¤¢e bq, wKš‘ ZeyI my cÖRvk~b¨ cvZv‡ji ivRes‡k bv Rwb¥qv evYxK‡Éi N‡i Avwmqv Rwb¥qv‡Q Ges †MvmvB‡`i †Q‡j cÖZvc‡K wKQz‡ZB Avðh© Kwi‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q bv|

20

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

myfvi eqm µ‡gB evwoqv DwV‡Z‡Q| µ‡g †m †hb Avcbv‡K Avcwb Abyfe Kwi‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q| †hb †Kv‡bv GKUv c~wY©gvwZw_‡Z †Kv‡bv-GKUv mgy`ª nB‡Z GKUv †Rvqv‡ii †mªvZ Avwmqv Zvnvi Aš— ivZ¥v‡K GK b~Zb Awbe©Pbxq †PZbvkw³‡Z cwic~Y© Kwiqv Zzwj‡Z‡Q| †m Avcbv‡K Avcwb †`wL‡Z‡Q, fvwe‡Z‡Q, cÖkœ Kwi‡Z‡Q, Ges eywS‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q bv| Mfxi c~wY©gviv‡Î †m GK-GKw`b ax‡i kqbM„‡ni Øvi Lywjqv f‡q f‡q gyL evovBqv evwn‡ii w`‡K Pvwnqv †`‡L c~wY©gvcÖK…wZI myfvi g‡Zv GKvwKbx myß RM‡Zi Dci RvwMqv ewmqv-†hŠe‡bi in‡m¨ cyj‡K welv‡` Amxg wbR©bZvi G‡Kev‡i †kl mxgv ch©š—, Ggb-wK, Zvnv AwZµg KwiqvI ag&&_g&& Kwi‡Z‡Q, GKwU K_v Kwn‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q bv| GB wb¯—ä e¨vKzj cÖK…wZi cÖv‡š— GKwU wb¯—ä e¨vKzj evwjKv `uvovBqv| Gw`‡K Kb¨vfvivMÖ¯— wcZvgvZv wPwš—Z nBqv DwVqv‡Qb| †jv‡KI wb›`v Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q| Ggb-wK, GKN‡i Kwi‡e Ggb RbieI ïbv hvq| evYxK‡Éi m”Qj Ae¯’v, `yB †ejvB gvQfvZ Lvq, GRb¨ Zvnvi kÎy wQj| ¯¿xcyiy‡l we¯—i civgk© nBj| wKQzw`‡bi g‡Zv evYx we‡`‡k †Mj| Ae‡k‡l wdwiqv Avwmqv Kwnj, ÒP‡jv, KwjKvZvq P‡jv|Ó we‡`khvÎvi D`&‡hvM nB‡Z jvwMj| Kzqvkv-XvKv cÖfv‡Zi g‡Zv myfvi mg¯— ü`q AkÖyev‡®ú G‡Kev‡i fwiqv †Mj| GKUv Awbw`©ó Avk¼v-e‡k †m wKQzw`b nB‡Z µgvMZ wbe©vK&& Rš‘i g‡Zv Zvnvi evcgv‡qi m‡½ m‡½ wdwiZÑ WvMi P¶z †gwjqv Zuvnv‡`i gy‡Li w`‡K Pvwnqv Kx-GKUv eywS‡Z †Póv KwiZ, wKš‘ Zuvnviv wKQz eySvBqv ewj‡Zb bv| BwZg‡a¨ GKw`b Aciv‡nœ wQc †dwjqv cÖZvc nvwmqv Kwnj, ÒKx †i my, †Zvi bvwK ei cvIqv †M‡Q, ZzB we‡q Ki‡Z hvw”Qm? †`wLm Avgv‡`i fzwjm †b|Ó ewjqv Avevi gv‡Qi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM Kwij| gg©we× nwiYx e¨v‡ai w`‡K †hgb Kwiqv ZvKvq, bxi‡e ewj‡Z _v‡K ÔAvwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Kx †`vl KwiqvwQjvgÕ, myfv †Zgwb Kwiqv cÖZv‡ci w`‡K Pvwnj; †mw`b Mv‡Qi Zjvq Avi ewmj bv| evYxKÉ wb`ªv nB‡Z DwVqv kqbM„‡n ZvgvK LvB‡ZwQ‡jb, myfv Zuvnvi cv‡qi Kv‡Q ewmqv Zuvnvi gy‡Li w`‡K Pvwnqv Kuvw`‡Z jvwMj| Ae‡k‡l Zvnv‡K mvš—¡bv w`‡Z wMqv evYxK‡Éi ï®‹ K‡cv‡j AkÖy MovBqv cwoj| Kvj KwjKvZvq hvBevi w`b w¯’i nBqv‡Q| myfv †MvqvjN‡i Zvnvi evj¨-mLx‡`i Kv‡Q we`vq jB‡Z †Mj, Zvnvw`M‡K ¯^n‡¯— LvIqvBqv, Mjv awiqv GKevi `yB †Pv‡L hZ cv‡i K_v fwiqv Zvnv‡`i gy‡Li w`‡K PvwnjÑ `yB †bÎcj−e nB‡Z Uc&&Uc&& Kwiqv AkÖyRj co‡Z jvwMj| †mw`b ïK¬vØv`kxi ivwÎ| myfv kqbM„n nB‡Z evwni nBqv Zvnvi †mB wPicwiwPZ b`xZ‡U k®úkh¨vq jyUvBqv cwojÑ †hb aiYx‡K, GB cÖKvÊ g~K gvbeZv‡K `yB evû‡Z awiqv ewj‡Z Pv‡n, ÔZzwg Avgv‡K hvB‡Z w`‡qv bv, gv| Avgvi g‡Zv `ywU evû evovBqv ZzwgI Avgv‡K awiqv iv‡Lv|Õ

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

21

kãv_© I UxKv : M‡f©i Kj¼ Ñ mš—vb wn‡m‡e Kj¼, Mf© n‡jv gv‡qi †cU †h e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K cwiev‡i
†bwZevPK wn‡m‡e †`Lv nq Zv n‡jv Kj¼; my`xN© cj−ewewkó Ñ eo cvZvwewkó, `xN© n‡jv eo, ÔmyÕ hy³ n‡q ÔeoÕ‡K we‡klvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q; cj−e n‡jv cvZv; GLv‡b †Pv‡Li cvZv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Iôvai Ñ Iô Ges Aai, Dc‡ii I wb‡Pi †VuvU [Iô+Aai = Iôvai] wK‡kvjq Ñ Mv‡Qi bZzb cvZv| ZR©gv Ñ Abyev`, GK fvlv †_‡K Ab¨ fvlvq ejv ev †jLv| A¯—gvb Ñ Wzeš—, Wz‡e hv‡”Q Ggb, P›`ª-m~‡h©i cwðg w`‡K A`„k¨ Ae¯’v| Awb‡glfv‡e Ñ cjKnxbfv‡e, Awb‡gk Ñ AcjK, cjKnxb D`qv¯— Ñ D`q + A¯— = D`qv¯—, Avwef©ve I wZ‡ivfve, DVv I Wzev| Qvqv‡jvK Ñ Qvqv + Av‡jvK = Qvqv‡jvK; †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ici Av‡jv co‡j †h cÖwZwe¤^ nq Zv n‡jv Qvqv; weRb gnË¡ Ñ weRb Ñ Rbk~b¨, wbR©b; gnË¡ Ñ Ae`vb; weRb gnË¡ Ñ †Kvjvnjgy³ cÖKw… Zi Ae¯’vi †h AvKl©Yxq w`K| Zš^x Ñ ¶xY I myMwVZ A½wewkó| euvLvwi Ñ Kuv‡ai `yw`‡K `ycÖv‡š— Szwj‡q †evSv en‡bi euv‡ki dvwj| †XuwKkvjv Ñ †h N‡i †XuwK ivLv nq; †XuwK n‡jv avb †_‡K Pvj ˆZwii †jvKR hš¿; GL‡bv MÖvgxY Rxe‡b A‡bK evwo‡Z †XuwKi Ni Av‡Q| Mvn©¯¨ m”QjZv ’ Ñ cvwievwiK ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi m”QjZv| wPiwb¯—ä n„`q DcK~j Ñ kvš— n„`q; wb¯—ä n‡jv Av‡jvobnxb Ae¯’v; DcK~j n‡jv K~‡ji m`„k; GLv‡b n„`q DcK~j ej‡Z n„`‡qi wKbvivi K_vB ejv n‡q‡Q| wSwj−ie c~Y© Ñ wSu wSu †cvKvi AvIqvR/k‡ã gyLi| weRb g~wZ© Ñ wbR©b Ae¯’v; weRb n‡jv wbR©b ev Rbgvbek~b¨, g~wZ© n‡jv †Kv‡bvwKQz cÖwZK…wZ; weRbg~wZ© kãwU GLv‡b †Kvjvnjnxb Ae¯’v ev wbR©b/Rbgvbek~b¨ Ae¯’v †evSv‡Z e¨en„Z n‡q‡Q| MÊ‡`k Ñ ewai, †evev| welv`kvš— Ñ `ytLgMœ, wec` = ùywZ©k~b¨Zv, welYœZv; welv`kvš— n‡jv Lye‡ewk welv`MÖ¯—Zv †_‡K †h kvš— Ae¯’v| c~wY©gvwZw_ Ñ Puv‡`i cwic~Y© i~c nIqvi mgq| Kb¨vfvivMÖ¯— wcZv-gvZv Ñ †h wcZv-gvZvi weevn‡hvM¨v Kb¨v mš—v‡bi we‡q nqwb| K‡cvj Ñ Mvj; †bÎcj−e Ñ †Pv‡Li cvZv; ïK¬vØv`kx Ñ Puv‡`i wØZxq w`b| cvV cwiwPwZ : iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii myfv MíwU Zuvi weL¨vZ ÔMí¸”QÕ †_‡K msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GKRb evK&&cÖwZeÜx wK‡kvix myfvi cÖwZ †jL‡Ki n„`q wbsov‡bv fv‡jvevmv I ggZ¡‡eva MíwU Agi n‡q Av‡Q| myfv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| gv g‡b K‡ib G-Zvi wbqwZi †`vl, wKš‘ evev Zuv‡K fv‡jvev‡mb| Avi †KD Zvi m‡½ wg‡k bvÑ†L‡j bv| wKš‘ Zvi wekvj GKwU AvkÖ‡qi RMr Av‡Q| hviv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv †mB †cvlv cÖvYx‡`i Kv‡Q †m gyLi| Zv‡`i †m LyeB Kv‡Qi Rb| Avi wecyj wbe©vK cÖK…wZi Kv‡Q †m cvq gyw³i Avb›`| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi g~jZ cÖwZeÜx gvby‡li AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ GKwU RMr ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb Ges †mBm‡½ Zv‡`i cÖwZ Avgv‡`i ggZ¡‡ev‡ai D‡Øvab NUv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb 1. wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx‡`i mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ Kx Kx D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv hvq| G wel‡q cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi K‡i †kÖwYwk¶‡Ki wbKU Rgv `vI| 2. †Zvgvi Pvicv‡ki mgv‡R myfvi g‡Zv Kv‡iv Rxeb-ev¯—eZv _vK‡j Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq wjL| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| wQc †d‡j gvQ aiv Kvi cÖavb kL wQj ? K. myfvwlYxi L. evYxK‡Éi M. my‡Kwkbxi N. cÖZv‡ci

22

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

2| evYxK‡Éi ï®‹ K‡cv‡j AkÖ“ Mwo‡q c‡owQj †Kb ? myfv‡K we‡q w`‡eb e‡j i. ii. myfv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j iii. †g‡qwUi fwel¨r †f‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †mB †QvÆ‡ejvq gwR©bv GKwU weovj I GKwU KzKzi Qvbv G‡bwQj| bvg w`‡q‡Q cywl Avi cyUz| AvR cywl Avi cyUz cy‡ivcywi eo n‡q‡Q| bvg a‡i WvK‡jB gyn~‡Z©B nvwRi nq| cywl †Kv‡j D‡V e‡m wKš‘ cyUz GKUz `~‡i `uvwo‡q †jR bvovq| 3| gwR©bvi g‡a¨ myfvi †h ˆewkó¨ j¶Yxq, Zv n‡jv Ñ K. BZi cÖvwYi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk M. GKvKx‡Z¡i mv_x BZi cÖvwY L. BZi cÖvwYi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva N. mevi †_‡K wb‡R‡K Avov‡j ivLv| 4| D³ ˆewkó¨ †h Pi‡Yi gva¨‡g dz‡U I‡V Zv n‡jv Ñ w`‡b wZbevi †Mvqvj N‡i hvIqv i. ii. `yB evû Øviv Mjv Rwo‡q aiv iii. gv‡S gv‡S Zv‡`i‡K fr©mbv Kiv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii m„Rbkxj cÖkœ `yB cyÎ mš—v‡bi ci Kb¨v mš—vb cjvk eveyi cwiev‡i Avb‡›`i eb¨v wb‡q G‡jv| bvg ivLv n‡jv ÔKj¨vYxÕ| mK‡ji †Pv‡Li gwY Kj¨vYx †e‡o IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_ cjvkevey eyS‡Z cvi‡jb eq‡mi Zzjbvq Kj¨vYxi gvbwmK weKvk N‡U wb| wKQz ej‡j d¨vj&&d¨vj&& K‡i †P‡q _v‡K| Kj¨vYxi we‡qi K_vevZ©v Pj‡Q| cjvkevey Kj¨vYxi meB eic¶‡K Ly‡j ej‡jb| me ï‡b e‡ii evev my‡eva evey ej‡jb, Ôcjvk evey Kj¨vYxi g‡Zv Avgvi †Q‡jI †Zv n‡Z cvi‡Zv, Kv‡RB Kj¨vYx gv‡K N‡i wb‡Z Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv AvcwË †bB|Õ K. L. M. N. myfvi MÖv‡gi bvg Kx ? ÔwcZv-gvZvi bxie ü`qfveÕ Ñ K_vwU Øviv †jLK Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ? DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g As‡ki e³‡e¨ Kj¨vYx I myfvi †h we‡kl w`KwUi m½wZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ñ Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| Kj¨vYx I myfv GKB cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi n‡jI Df‡qi †cÖ¶vcU I cwiYwZ wfbœ Ñ we‡k−lY Ki|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

23

jvB‡eªwi iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi gnvmgy‡`ªi kZ erm‡ii K‡j−vj †Kn hw` Ggb Kwiqv euvwaqv ivwL‡Z cvwiZ †h, †m NygvBqv cov wkïwUi g‡Zv Pzc Kwiqv _vwKZ, Z‡e †mB bxie gnvk‡ãi mwnZ GB jvB‡eªwii Zzjbv nBZ| GLv‡b fvlv Pzc Kwiqv Av‡Q, cÖevn w¯’i nBqv Av‡Q, gvbevZ¥vi Agi Av‡jvK Kv‡jv A¶‡ii k„•L‡j KvM‡Ri KvivMv‡i euvav cwoqv Av‡Q| Bnviv mnmv hw` we‡`ªvnx nBqv D‡V, wb¯—äZv fvwOqv †d‡j, A¶‡ii †eov `» Kwiqv GKev‡i evwni nBqv Av‡m! wngvj‡qi gv_vi Dc‡i KwVb ei‡di g‡a¨ †hgb KZ KZ eb¨v evuav Av‡Q, †Zgwb GB jvB‡eªwii g‡a¨ gvbeü`‡qi eb¨v †K euvwaqv ivwLqv‡Q! we`y¨r‡K gvbyl †jvnvi Zvi w`qv euvwaqv‡Q, wKš‘ †K RvwbZ gvbyl kã‡K wbtk‡ãi g‡a¨ euvwa‡Z cvwi‡e| †K RvwbZ msMxZ‡K, ü`‡qi Avkv‡K, RvMÖZ AvZ¥vi Avb›`aŸwb‡K, AvKv‡ki ˆ`eevYx‡K †m KvM‡R gywoqv ivwL‡e! †K RvwbZ gvbyl AZxZ‡K eZ©gv‡b e›`x Kwi‡e! AZj¯úk© Kvjmgy‡`ªi Dci †Kej GK-GKLvwb eB w`qv muv‡Kv euvwaqv w`‡e! jvB‡eªwii g‡a¨ Avgiv mnmª c‡_i †PŠgv_vi Dc‡i `vuovBqv AvwQ| †Kv‡bv c_ Abš— mgy‡`ª wMqv‡Q, †Kv‡bv c_ Abš— wkL‡i DwVqv‡Q, †Kv‡bv c_ gvbeü`‡qi AZj¯ú‡k© bvwgqv‡Q| †h †h- w`‡K avegvb nI, †Kv_vI evav cvB‡e bv| gvbyl Avcbvi cwiÎvY‡K GZUzKz RvMqvi g‡a¨ euvavBqv ivwLqv‡Q| k‡•Li g‡a¨ †hgb mgy‡`ªi kã ïbv hvq, †Zgwb GB jvB‡eªwii g‡a¨ wK ü`‡qi DÌvbcZ‡bi kã ïwb‡ZQ| GLv‡b RxweZ I g„Z e¨w³i ü`q cvkvcvwk GK cvovq evm Kwi‡Z‡Q| ev` I cÖwZev` GLv‡b `yB fvB‡qi g‡Zv GKm‡½ _v‡K; mskq I wek¦vm, mÜvb I Avwe®‹vi GLv‡b †`‡n †`‡n jq nBqv evm K‡i| GLv‡b `xN©cÖvY ¯^ícÖvY cig ˆah© I kvwš—i mwnZ RxebhvÎv wbe©vn Kwi‡Z‡Q, †Kn Kvnv‡KI D‡c¶v Kwi‡Z‡Q bv| KZ b`x mgy`ª ce©Z Dj−•Nb Kwiqv gvb‡ei KÉ GLv‡b Avwmqv †cuŠwQqv‡QÑ KZ kZ erm‡ii cÖvš— nB‡Z GB ¯^i Avwm‡Z‡Q| G‡mv, GLv‡b G‡mv, GLv‡b Av‡jv‡Ki Rb¥msMxZ Mvb nB‡Z‡Q| Ag„Z‡jvK cÖ_g Avwe®‹vi Kwiqv †h †h gnvcyi“l †h- †Kvbw`b Avcbvi Pvwiw`‡K gvbyl‡K WvK w`qv ewjqvwQ‡jb Ô†Zvgiv mK‡j Ag„‡Zi cyÎ, †Zvgiv w`e¨av‡g evm Kwi‡ZQÕ †mB gnvcyi“l‡`i KÉB mnmª fvlvq mnmª erm‡ii ga¨ w`qv GB jvB‡eªwii g‡a¨ cÖwZaŸwbZ nB‡Z‡Q| GB e‡½i cÖvš— nB‡Z Avgv‡`i wK wKQz ewjevi bvB| gvbe mgvR‡K Avgv‡`i wK †Kv‡bv msev` w`evi bvB| RM‡Zi GKZvb msMx‡Zi g‡a¨ e½‡`kB †Kej wb¯—ä nBqv _vwK‡e! Avgv‡`i c`cÖvš—w¯’Z mgy`ª wK Avgvw`M‡K wKQz ewj‡Z‡Q bv| Avgv‡`i M½v wK wngvj‡qi wkLi nB‡Z ˆKjv‡mi †Kv‡bv Mvb enb Kwiqv Avwb‡Z‡Q bv| Avgv‡`i gv_vi Dc‡i wK Z‡e Abš— bxjvKvk bvB| †mLvb nB‡Z Abš—Kv‡ji wPi‡R¨vwZg©qx b¶Îwjwc wK †Kn gywQqv †dwjqv‡Q| †`k-we‡`k nB‡Z AZxZ-eZ©gvb nB‡Z cÖwZw`b Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q gvbeRvwZi cÎ Avwm‡Z‡Q; Avgiv wK Zvnvi DË‡i `ywU-PviwU PwU PwU Bs‡iwR Le‡ii KvMR wjwLe| mKj †`k Amxg Kv‡ji c‡U wbR wbR bvg Lyw`‡Z‡Q| evOvwji bvg wK †Kej `iLv‡¯—i wØZxq cv‡ZB †jLv _vwK‡e| Ro A`„‡ói mwnZ

24

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

gvbevZ¥vi msMÖvg Pwj‡Z‡Q, ˆmwbKw`M‡K AvnŸvb Kwiqv c„w_exi w`‡K w`‡K k•LaŸwb evwRqv DwVqv‡Q, Avgiv wK †Kej Avgv‡`i DVv‡bi gvPvi DciKvi jvD-Kzgov jBqv gKÏgv Ges Avwcj PvjvB‡Z _vwKe| eû ermi bxie _vwKqv e½‡`‡ki cÖvY fwiqv DwVqv‡Q| Zvnv‡K Avcbvi fvlvq GKevi Avcbvi K_vwU ewj‡Z `vI| evOvwj-K‡Éi mwnZ wgwjqv wek¦msMxZ gayiZi nBqv DwV‡e|

kãv_© I UxKv : K‡j−vj- †XD, k•L- kvgy‡Ki †Lvjm, Dj−•Nb- cvi nIqv, j•Nb Kiv, Ag„Z‡jvK¯^M©, †e‡nkZ, ˆKjvm- wn›`y a‡g©i †`eZv wk‡ei evm¯’vb wn‡m‡e ewY©Z wngvjq ce©‡Zi DuPz ¯’vb, wke‡jvK| cvV cwiwPwZ : jvB‡eªwi iex›`ªªbv_ VvKzi iwPZ GKwU weL¨vZ cÖeÜ| G cÖe‡Ü iex›`ªbv_ jvB‡eªwii ¸i“Z¡ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wZwb jvB‡eªwi‡K gnvmg~‡`ªi K‡j−vj aŸwbi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv, jvB‡eªwi‡Z gvbevZ¥vi aŸwbivwk eB‡qi cvZvq e›`x n‡q _v‡K| eB‡qi †fZi w`‡qB Avgiv AvKv‡ki ˆ`eevYx †_‡K gvnvZ¥v‡`i K_v †c‡q _vwK| huv‡`i mvwbœa¨ Avgv‡`i KLbB cvIqv m¤¢e bq,eB‡qi †fZi w`‡qB Avgiv Zv‡`i †c‡Z cvwi| eB Avgv‡`i AZx‡Zi mv‡_ †mZyeÜ M‡o †`q| G eB‡qi ¯’vb n‡jv jvB‡eªwi| G jvB‡eªwi‡ZB gvbe ü`‡qi DÌvbcZ‡bi kã †kvbv hvq| jvB‡eªwi‡Z mKj c‡_i mKj g‡Zi gvby‡li mw¤§jb N‡U| jvB‡eªwii gn‡Ë¡i K_v eY©bv K‡i †jLK e‡j‡Qb- RM‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ wK Avgv‡`iI wKQz ejvi bvB? Avgiv wK †Kej Zz”Q welq wb‡q Kjn K‡i †eov‡ev| †jLK †k‡l Avkv e¨³ K‡i e‡j‡Qb- evOvwjiv †R‡M D‡V‡Q| ZvivI Avcb fvlvq wj‡L we‡k¦i ÁvbfvÊvi mg„× K‡i Zzj‡e| Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb 1. 2. 1| †Zvgvi GjvKvi ev †Zvgvi †`Lv ev Zzwg e¨envi Ki Ggb GKwU cvVvMvi ev jvB‡eªwii cwiPq `vI| †Zvgv‡`i ¯‹z‡ji cvVvMviwU Kxfv‡e Av‡iv Dbœqb Kiv hvq- †m wel‡q cÖ¯—ve `vI| ÔjvB‡eªwiÕ cÖe‡Ü gnvmgy‡`ªi kZ erm‡ii K‡j−v‡ji mv‡_ †KvbwU‡K Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb ? K. M. K. L. gvbevZ¥vi jvB‡eªwii eû Áv‡bi mw¤§jb eû iv¯—vi mw¤§jb L. N. Av‡jv‡Ki msMxZ‡K

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

2| ÔjvB‡eªwiÕ cÖe‡Ü Ômnmª c‡_i †PŠgv_vÕ Ñ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ? M. eû ü`‡qi mw¤§jb N. eû Rxe‡bi mw¤§jb

DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wn›`y gymjgvb evsjvi evOvwj Rb¥g„Zz¨i eÜ‡b Awfbœ Avcb mËv|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

25

3| DÏxc‡K †h welqe¯‘i Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv ÔjvB‡eªwiÕ cÖe‡Üi †h Pi‡Y e¨³ n‡q‡Q Ñ
i. RxweZ I g„Z e¨w³i ü`q cvkvcvwk GK cvovq evm Kwi‡Z‡Q ii. ev` I cÖwZev` GLv‡b `yB fvB‡qi gZ GKm‡½ _v‡K iii. mÜvb I Avwe®‹vi GLv‡b †`‡n †`‡n jq nBqv evm K‡i

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. K. M. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ GKR‡bi c‡¶ me©we`¨v wekvi` nIqv Am¤¢e| †mRb¨ G‡KKRb G‡KK wel‡q cvi`wk©Zv jvf K‡i| Avevi †h e¨w³ †h we`¨vq cvi`wk©Zv jvf K‡i Zvi meUzKz Ávb gw¯—‡®‹ aviY KivI GKR‡bi c‡¶ m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB cÖ‡qvRb Ggb †Kvb Dcvq D™¢ve‡bi, hvi e‡`Šj‡Z `iKvi Abyhvqx mg¯— wel‡q GKUv †gvUvgywU Ávb jvf Kiv hvq| †mB †_‡K cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q Ávb msi¶‡Yi| K. L. M. N. Kx‡mi g‡a¨ mgy‡`ªi kã ïbv hvq ? ÔRxweZ I g„Z e¨w³i ü`q cvkvcvwk GK cvovq evm Kwi‡Z‡QÕ Ñ K_vwU eywS‡q ej| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Ávb msi¶‡Yi KviYwU ÔjvB‡eªwiÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K Zy‡j ai| Ôgvbe ü`‡qi eb¨v‡K †eu‡a ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwUB †hb DÏxcK I jvB‡eªwi cÖe‡Üi g~j e³e¨Õ Ñ we‡k−lY Ki| i i I ii

L. N. L. N.

iii i, ii I iii

4| Bw½Zgq welqe¯‘wU n‡jv Ñ wnsmv msnwZ we‡Øl N„Yv

26

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iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

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gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

27

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28

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gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

29

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30

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

kvïwo ewj‡jb, Ô†Kej ev‡ci evwo hvBevi Qj|Õ †Kn ewj‡j wek¦vm Kwi‡e bvÑ †hw`b mÜ¨vi mgq wbiyi k¦vm Dcw¯’Z nBj †mBw`b cÖ_g Wv³vi †`wLj Ges †mBw`b Wv³v‡ii †`Lv †kl nBj| evwoi e‡ov eD gwiqv‡Q, Lye ayg Kwiqv A‡š—¨wówµqv m¤úbœ nBj| cÖwZgv-wemR©‡bi mgv‡ivn m¤^‡Ü †Rjvi g‡a¨ ivq‡PŠayix‡`i †hgb †jvKweL¨vZ cÖwZcwË Av‡Q, e‡oveD‡qi mrKvi m¤^‡Ü ivqevnv`yi‡`i †Zgwb GKwU L¨vwZ iwUqv †MjÑ Ggb P›`bKv‡ôi wPZv G gyjy‡K †Kn KLbI †`‡L bvB| Ggb NUv Kwiqv kÖv×I †Kej ivqevnv`yi‡`i evwo‡ZB m¤¢e, Ges ïbv hvq, Bnv‡Z Zuvnv‡`i wKwÂZ FY nBqvwQj| ivgmy›`i‡K mvš—¦bv w`evi mgq, Zvnvi †g‡qi †h wKi~c gnvmgv‡iv‡n g„Zz¨ nBqv‡Q, mK‡jB Zvnvi eûj eY©bv Kwij| G w`‡K †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui wPwV Avwmj, ÔAvwg GLv‡b mg¯— e‡›`ve¯— Kwiqv jBqvwQ, AZGe Awej‡¤^ Avgvi ¯¿x‡K GLv‡b cvVvB‡e|Õ ivqevnv`y‡ii gwnlx wjwL‡jb, Ôevev †Zvgvi R‡b¨ Avi-GKwU †g‡qi m¤^Ü KwiqvwQ, AZGe Awej‡¤^ QzwU jBqv-GLv‡b Avwm‡e|Õ Gev‡i wek nvRvi UvKv cY Ges nv‡Z nv‡Z Av`vq|

kãv_© I UxKv : ivqevnv`yi Ñ weªwUk Avg‡ji miKvwi †LZve, ivRvi g‡Zv m¤£vš— I cÖZvckvjx e¨w³;
Zzgyj Ñ cÖej, †NviZi, fqvbK; AbyivM Ñ Avmw³, cÖxwZ, †mvnvM, ggZv; n‡Zv`¨g Ñ wbi“`¨g, D`¨gnxb; cÖwZcwË Ñ m¤§vb, gh©v`v, cÖfve; †LuvUv Ñ MÄbv, wb›`v, †`v‡li cÖwZ Bw½Z; wbZ¨wµqv Ñ ˆ`bw›`b Kg©, cÖwZw`‡bi KvR; Av‡µvk Ñ we‡Øl, †µva; SsKvi Ñ ¸Äb, exYv BZ¨vw` ev`¨hš¿vw`i kã; `qvciZš¿ Ñ `qv`ª©, `qvi ekxf~Z; AvRMwe Ñ A™¢Z, Awek¦vm¨; cÄi Ñ cuvRi, ey‡Ki nv‡oi y LuvPv; m‡iv`‡b Ñ †Ku‡` †Ku‡`; ¯^fve‡KŠZ~njx ØvijMœKY© Ñ Avov‡j Ae¯’vb K‡i A‡b¨i K‡_vcK_b †kvbv; kikh¨v Ñ g„Zz¨kh¨v; e‡›`ve¯— Ñ e¨e¯’v, Av‡qvRb| cvV cwiwPwZ : iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔMí¸”QÕ †_‡K †`bvcvIbv MíwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| wb¤œga¨weË cwiev‡ii ivgmy›`i cuvP cyÎ Ges GK Kb¨vi RbK| Av`‡ii Kb¨v cÖZvckvjx ivqevnv`y‡ii GKgvÎ cy‡Îi m‡½ we‡q †`qv nq| we‡qi mgq cv‡Îi wcZv ivqevnv`yi `k nvRvi UvKv bM`mn Ab¨vb¨ mvgMÖx we‡qi †hŠZzK wn‡m‡e `vwe K‡ib| Kb¨vi evc ivwR nb| we‡qi mgq bM` A_© evwK c‡o hvq| ïi“ nq wcZv I Kb¨vi Ici gvbwmK wbh©vZb| wbi~cgvi AvZ¥wemR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q †kl nq Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri GB fqven e¨vwai Kvwnbx| iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii `i`x nv‡Z G M‡íi Kvwnbx Avgv‡`i n„`q ¯úk© K‡i Ges hviv †hŠZzK MÖnY K‡i Zv‡`i cÖwZ GKai‡bi N„Yvi Rb¥ †`q| Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb 1. 2. 3. †hŠZzK cÖ_vi Kzdj¸‡jv wj‡L GKwU PvU© ˆZwi Ki| †Zvgvi Rvbv †hŠZzK cÖ_vi wkKvi †Kv‡bv †g‡qi Kvwnbx wjL| Ô†hŠZzK MÖnY Kiv DwPr bqÕÑ mc‡¶ AviI hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡i GKwU cÖeÜ †jL|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

31

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| ivgmy›`i †Kvb gv‡m †g‡q‡K N‡i Avbvi cÖwZÁv K‡ib ? K. M. K. L. M. N. fv`ª KvwZ©K gy‡L gy‡L K_v ejvq agx©q wewawb‡la bv gvbvq c‡Yi UvKv D‡c¶v Kivq evevi Ag‡Z we‡q Kivq L. N. Avwk¦b AMÖnvqY

2| Ôkv¯¿wk¶v, bxwZwk¶v G‡Kev‡i bvBÕ GK_v ejvi KviY Kx ?

DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Mwb wgqv GKRb K…lK| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Pvlvev` K‡i Avw_©K Ae¯’vi A‡bK DbœwZ K‡i‡Q| GKgvÎ †Q‡ji we‡q †`qvi wPš—v Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Pviw`K †_‡K A‡bK cÖ¯—ve Avm‡Z ïi“ Kij| MÖv‡gi †jvKRb aij aygav‡gi mv‡_ we‡qi Drme cvj‡bi Rb¨| Avi G‡Z Mwb wgqv‡K Pov my‡` avi Ki‡Z n‡jv †gvUv As‡Ki UvKv| GKmgq mewKQz nvwi‡q Avevi †m wbt¯^ n‡q hvq| 3| DÏxc‡Ki Mwb wgqvi mv‡_ Ô†`bv cvIbvÕ M‡íi ivgmy›`‡ii mv`„k¨c~Y© w`K n‡jv Ñ
i. A`~i`wk© cwiKíbv ii. FYMÖ¯— Ae¯’v iii. mš—vbevrmj¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. K. M. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ ˆngyi evev †ckvq Aa¨vcK| Zuvi GKgvÎ †g‡q‡K †eŠ K‡i N‡i Zzj‡Z A‡b‡Ki AvMÖn| Zv‡`i wek¦vm ˆngyi evevi mg¯— m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡e ney ei| G jovB‡q weRqx n‡jv Ac~e©‡`i cwievi| k¦ïi evwo‡Z eD‡qi gh©v`v A‡kl| GKmgq Zviv Rvb‡Z †cj, AMva abm¤úwË `~‡i _vK, †g‡qi we‡q‡Z evev †gvUv As‡Ki FY K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z k¦ïi evwo‡Z ˆngyi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv Ges Zvi evevi cÖwZ kÖ×vfw³i GZUzKz NvUwZ KL‡bvB †`Lv †`q wb| eis Zuv‡K FY †_‡K gyw³ †`qvi Rb¨ GwM‡q hvq ˆngyi k¦ïi| K. wbi~cgvi we‡q‡Z eic¶ KZ UvKv cY †P‡qwQj ? L. ÔeZ©gvb wk¶vi welgq djÕ ej‡Z †jLK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb ? M. DÏxc‡Ki ˆngyi evevi mv‡_ †`bv cvIbv M‡íi wbi~cgvi evevi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki ˆngy I Ô†`bvcvIbvÕ M‡íi wbi~cgv‡K GKm~‡Î Muv_v hvq wK ? hyw³mn cÖgvY Ki| i I ii ii I iii

L. N. L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

4| ivgmy›`i †Kvb w`K w`‡q Mwb wgqv †_‡K ¯^Zš¿ ? f~m¤úwË †jvf AvwacZ¨ Avc¨vqb

32

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eB cov cÖg_ †PŠayix
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : cÖg_ †PŠayix 7B AvM÷ 1868 wLªóv‡ã h‡kv‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi ˆcZ…K wbevm wQj cvebv †Rjvq nwicyi MÖv‡g| Zuvi wk¶vRxeb wQj AmvaviY K…wZZ¡c~Y©| wZwb 1890 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Gg.G. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib Ges c‡i e¨vwi÷vwi covi Rb¨ wejvZ hvb| wejvZ †_‡K wd‡i G‡m e¨vwi÷vwi †ckvq †hvM`vb bv K‡i wZwb wKQyKvj Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib Ges c‡i mvwnZ¨PP©vq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| Zuvi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg wQj ÔexiejÕ| Zuvi m¤úvw`Z ÔmeyR cÎÕ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ PjwZ fvlvixwZ cÖeZ©‡b AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| e¯‘Z ZuviB †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb M`¨aviv m~wPZ nq| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ : exie‡ji nvjLvZv, ivq‡Zi K_v, Pvi-Bqvwi K_v, AvûwZ, cÖeÜ msMÖn, bxj‡jvwnZ, m‡bU cÂvkr, c`vPviY BZ¨vw`| cÖg_ †PŠayix 2iv †m‡Þ¤^i 1946 mv‡j KjKvZvq ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| ]

eB cov kLUv gvby‡li me©‡kÖô kL n‡jI Avwg KvD‡K kL wn‡m‡e eB co‡Z civgk© w`‡Z PvB‡b| cÖ_g, †m civgk© †KD MÖvn¨ Ki‡eb bv; †Kbbv, Avgiv RvZ wn‡m‡e †kŠwLb bB| wØZxqZ, A‡b‡K Zv Kzcivgk© g‡b Ki‡eb; †Kbbv, Avgv‡`i GLb wVK kL Kievi mgq bq| Avgv‡`i GB †ivM-‡kvK, `ytL-`vwi‡`ª¨i †`‡k my›`i Rxeb aviY KivB hLb n‡q‡Q cÖavb mgm¨v, ZLb †mB Rxeb‡KB my›`i Kiv, gnr Kivi cÖ¯—ve A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q wbi_©K Ges wbg©gI †VK‡e| Avgiv mvwn‡Z¨i im Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bB; wKš‘ wk¶vi dj jv‡fi Rb¨ Avgiv mK‡j DØvû| Avgv‡`i wek¦vm wk¶v Avgv‡`i Mv‡qi R¡vjv I †Pv‡Li Rj `yB-B `~i Ki‡e| G Avkv m¤¢eZ `yivkv; wKš‘ Zv n‡jI Avgiv Zv Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvwi †b| †Kbbv, Avgv‡`i D×v‡ii Rb¨ †Kv‡bv m`ycvq Avgiv †Pv‡Li mygy‡L †`L‡Z cvB‡b| wk¶vi gvnv‡Z¥¨ AvwgI wek¦vm Kwi Ges whwbB hvB ejyb mvwnZ¨PP©v †h wk¶vi me©cÖavb A½ †m wel‡q †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| †jv‡K †h Zv m‡›`n K‡i, Zvi KviY G wk¶vi dj nv‡Z nv‡Z cvIqv hvq bv, A_©vr Zvi †Kv‡bv bM` evRvi `i †bB| GB Kvi‡Y †W‡gv‡µwm mvwn‡Z¨i mv_©KZv †ev‡S bv, †ev‡S ïay A‡_©i mv_©KZv| †W‡gv‡µwmi ¸i“iv †P‡qwQ‡jb mKj‡K mgvb Ki‡Z wKš‘ Zv‡`i wkl¨iv Zv‡`i K_v D‡ëv ey‡S mK‡jB n‡Z Pvq eo gvbyl| GKwU wewkó AwfRvZ mf¨Zvi DËivwaKvix n‡qI Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m Avgiv †W‡gv‡µwmi ¸Y¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Zvi †`vl¸‡jv AvZ¥mvr K‡iwQ| Gi KviYI ¯úó| e¨vwaB msµvgK ¯^v¯’¨ bq| Avgv‡`i wkw¶Z mgv‡Ri †jvjyc`„wó AvR A‡_©i IciB c‡o i‡q‡Q| myZivs mvwnZ¨PP©vi mydj m¤^‡Ü A‡b‡KB mw›`nvb| huviv nvRviLvbv j-wi‡cvU© †K‡bb, Zviv GKLvbv KveªMÖš’I wKb‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bb, †Kbbv, Zv‡Z e¨emvi †Kv‡bv mymvi †bB| bwRi bv AvD‡o KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡j gvgjv †h nvi‡Z n‡e †m †Zv Rvbv K_v, wKš‘ †h K_v R‡R †kv‡b bv, Zvi †h †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB, GB‡UB n‡”Q †ckv`vi‡`i gnvåvwš—| Áv‡bi fvÛvi †h a‡bi fvÛvi bq G mZ¨ †Zv cÖZ¨¶| wKš‘ mgvb cÖZ¨¶ bv n‡jI mgvb mZ¨ †h, G hy‡M †h RvwZi Áv‡bi fvÊvi k~b¨ †m RvwZi a‡bi fuv‡oI fevbx| Zvici †h RvwZ g‡b eo bq, †m RvwZ Áv‡bI eo bq; †Kbbv a‡bi m„wó †hgb Ávb mv‡c¶ †Zgwb Áv‡bi m„wó gb mv‡c¶ Ges gvby‡li gb‡K mij, mPj, mivM I mg„× Kivi fvi AvR‡Ki w`‡b mvwn‡Z¨i IciI b¨¯— n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv, gvby‡li `k©b, weÁvb, ag©bxwZ, AbyivM-weivM, Avkv-ˆbivk¨, Zvi Aš—‡ii mZ¨ I ¯^cœ GB mK‡ji mgev‡q mvwn‡Z¨i Rb¥| Acivci kv‡¯¿i wfZi hv Av‡Q †mme n‡”Q gvby‡li g‡bi fMœvsk; Zvi cy‡iv gbUvi mv¶vr cvIqv hvq ïay mvwn‡Z¨| `k©b weÁvb BZ¨vw` n‡”Q Zvi gbM½vi †Zvjv Rj, Zvi c~Y© †¯ªvZ AvengvbKvj mvwn‡Z¨i †fZiB †mvj−v‡m m‡e‡M e‡q P‡j‡Q Ges †mB M½v‡Z AeMvnb K‡iB Avgiv Avgv‡`i mKj cvcgy³ ne|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

33

AZGe, `uvovj GB †h, Avgv‡`i eB co‡Z n‡e, †Kbbv eB cov Qvov mvwnZ¨PP©vi Dcvqvš—i †bB| a‡g©i PP©v PvB wK gw›`‡ii evB‡iI Kiv P‡j, `k©‡bi PP©v ¸nvq, bxwZi PP©v N‡i Ges weÁv‡bi PP©v Rv`yNi; wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨i PP©vi Rb¨ PvB jvB‡eªwi; I-PP©v gvby‡l KviLvbv‡ZI Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; wPwoqvLvbv‡ZI bq| GBme K_v hw` mZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i gvb‡ZB n‡e †h, mvwn‡Z¨i g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i RvZ gvbyl n‡e| †mBRb¨ Avgiv hZ †ewk jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv Kie, †`‡ki ZZ †ewk DcKvi n‡e| Avgv‡`i g‡b nq G †`‡k jvB‡eªwii mv_©KZv nvmcvZv‡ji PvB‡Z wKQz Kg bq Ges ¯‹zj- K‡j‡Ri PvB‡Z GKUz †ewk| GK_v ï‡b A‡b‡K Pg‡K DV‡eb| †KD †KD Avevi †n‡mI DV‡eb; wKš‘ Avwg Rvwb, Avwg iwmKZvI KiwQ‡b, A™¢zZ K_vI ejwQ‡b; hw`I G wel‡q †jvKgZ †h Avgvi g‡Zi mg‡iLvq P‡j bv, †m wel‡q Avwg m¤ú~Y© m‡PZb| AZGe Avgvi K_vi Avwg ˆKwdqZ w`‡Z eva¨| Avgvi e³e¨ Avwg Avcbv‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡e`b KiwQ Zvi mZ¨ wg_¨vi wePvi Avcbviv Ki‡eb| †m wePv‡i Avgvi K_v hw` bv †U‡K Zvn‡j iwmKZv wn‡m‡eB MÖvn¨ Ki‡eb| Avgvi wek¦vm wk¶v †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bv| mywkw¶Z †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z| AvR‡Ki evRv‡i we`¨v`vZvi Afve †bB| Ggb wK, G †¶‡Î `vZvK‡Y©iI Afve †bB; Ges Avgiv Avgv‡`i †Q‡j‡`i Zv‡`i Øvi¯’ K‡iB wbwðZ _vwK GB wek¦v‡m †h, †mLv‡b †_‡K Zviv GZUv we`¨vi ab jvf K‡i wd‡i Avm‡e hvi my‡` Zvi evwK Rxeb Aviv‡g KvwU‡q w`‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ G wek¦vm wbZvš— Ag~jK| g‡bviv‡R¨i `vb MÖnYmv‡c¶, A_P Avgiv `vZvi gyL †P‡q MÖnxZvi K_vUv G‡Kev‡iB fz‡j hvB| G mZ¨ fz‡j bv †M‡j Avgiv eySZvg †h, wk¶‡Ki mv_©KZv wk¶v`vb Kivq bq, wKš‘ QvÎ‡K Zv AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g Kivq| wk¶K QvÎ‡K wk¶vi c_ †`wL‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi †KŠZ~nj D‡`ªK Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi eyw×e„wË‡K RvMÖZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, g‡bviv‡R¨i Hk¦‡h©i mÜvb w`‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi Ávb wccvmv‡K R¡jš— Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Gi †ewk Avi wKQz cv‡ib bv| whwb h_v_© ¸i“ wZwb wk‡l¨i AvZ¥v‡K D‡ØvwaZ K‡ib Ges Zvi Aš—wb©wnZ mKj cÖ”Qbœ kw³‡K e¨³ K‡i †Zv‡jb| †mB kw³i e‡j wkl¨ wb‡Ri gb wb‡R M‡o †Zv‡j, wb‡Ri AwfgZ we`¨v wb‡R AR©b K‡i we`¨vi mvabv wkl¨‡K wb‡R AR©b Ki‡Z nq| ¸i“ DËimvaK gvÎ| Avgv‡`i ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri wk¶vi c×wZ wVK Dj‡Uv| †mLv‡b †Q‡j‡`i we‡`¨ †Mjv‡bv nq, Zviv Zv RxY© Ki‡Z cvi“K Avi bvB cvi“K| Gi d‡j †Q‡jiv kvixwiK I gvbwmK g›`vwMœ‡Z RxY©kxY© n‡q K‡jR †_‡K †ewi‡q Av‡m| GKUv Rvbv‡kvbv D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vcviUv cwi®‹vi Kiv hvK| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R Ggb A‡bK gv Av‡Qb huviv wkï mš—vb‡K µgvš^‡q Mi“i `ya †Mjv‡bvUvB wkïi ¯^v¯’¨i¶vi I eje„w×i me©cÖavb Dcvq g‡b K‡ib| `y» Aek¨ AwZkq Dcv‡`q c`v_©, wKš‘ Zvi DcKvwiZv †h †fv³vi RxY© Kievi kw³i Ici wbf©i K‡i G Ávb I †kÖwYi gvZ…Kz‡ji †bB| Zv‡`i wek¦vm IÑe¯‘ †c‡U †M‡jB DcKvi n‡e| Kv‡RB wkï hw` Zv wMj‡Z AvcwË K‡i Zvn‡j †m †h †eqvov †Q‡j, †m wel‡q Avi we›`ygvÎ m‡›`n _v‡K bv| AZGe ZLb Zv‡K a‡i †eu‡a †Rvi Rei`w¯— K‡i `ya LvIqv‡bvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| †klUvq †m hLb GB `y»cvb wµqv n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ jvf Kivi Rb¨ gv_v bvov‡Z, nvZcv Qzo‡Z ïi“ K‡i, ZLb †mœngqx gvZv e‡jb, Avgvi gv_v LvI, givgyL †`L, GB †XvK, Avi GK †XvK, Avi GK †XvK BZ¨vw`| gvZvi D‡Ïk¨ †h Lye mvay, †m wel‡q †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB, wKš‘ G wel‡qI †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB †h, D³ ejv KIqvi d‡j gv ïay †Q‡ji hK…‡Zi gv_v Lvb Ges †Xv‡Ki ci †Xv‡K Zvi givgyL †`Levi m¤¢vebv evwo‡q P‡jb| Avgv‡`i ¯‹zj K‡j‡Ri wk¶v c×wZUvI H GKB ai‡bi| Gi d‡j KZ †Q‡ji my¯’ mij gb †h Bbd¨v›UvBj wjfv‡i MZvmy n‡”Q Zv ejv KwVb| †Kbbv †`‡ni g„Zz¨i †iwR÷vwi ivLv nq, AvZ¥vi nq bv|

34

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44

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kãv_© I UxKv : gyL‡h¨ Ñ gy‡Lvcva¨vq c`we, †jvKgy‡L D”Pvi‡Yi cv_©K¨ N‡U‡Q GLv‡b; elx©qmx Ñ AwZ y e„×, mK‡ji g‡a¨ eq‡m eo, ¯¿xevPK kã wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ; m½wZcbœ Ñ A_©-m¤ú‡`i AwaKvix; A‡š—¨wówµqv Ñ g„Z e¨w³i mrKvi, g„‡Z¨i Rb¨ Awš—g ev †kl Abyôvb; mM¨ Ñ ¯^M©, †jvKgy‡Li D”Pvi‡Y cv_©K¨ N‡U‡Q; Aš—ix¶ Ñ AvKvk, MMb; fz³ve‡kl Ñ †fvRb ev LvIqvi c‡i cv‡Z hv c‡o _v‡K; cÖmbœ Ñ mš‘ó, Lywk; cÖmbœgyL Ñ Lywk fiv gyL; †µvo Ñ †Kvj; kke¨¯— Ñ Li‡Mvk ev kk‡Ki g‡Zv e¨¯—; †Zbvi Ñ Zvi, Zuvi; `y‡j Ñ cvjwK enbKvix wn›`y m¤úª`vqwe‡kl, wbPz Rv‡Zi gvbyl e‡j AwfwnZ; B›`ªRvj Ñ Rv`ywe`¨v, GLv‡b M‡íi gva¨‡g gy» ev †gvwnZ K‡i ivLvi ¶gZv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; †ivgvÂ Ñ wkniY, Abyf~wZi Avwa‡K¨ Mv‡qi †jvg `uvwo‡q hvIqv; fMœKÉ Ñ weK…Z ¯^i, GLv‡b AwZ Av‡e‡M KvOvjxi fvOv ev weK…Z ¯^‡i K_v ejv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; cÖYvgx Ñ cy‡ivwnZ ev †`e-†`ex‡K †`Iqv mvjvwg, GLv‡b KweivR‡K †`Iqv wPwKrmv wd wn‡m‡e †`Iqv UvKv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; gywó‡hvM Ñ †UvUKv wPwKrmv; †Mu‡U Kwo Ñ KuvUvhy³ kvgyK RvZxq cÖvwY; wb¯—ä Ñ wbðj, wbtmvo; wbe©vK; nwiaŸwb Ñ nwi bv‡gi aŸwb, wn›`y ag©vej¤^xiv g„Z‡`n enb Kivi mgq mg‡eZK‡É †`eZv nwii bvg D”P¯^‡i e‡j _v‡K Zv‡K nwiaŸwb e‡j; ms¯‹vi Ñ wek¦vm, †SuvK, AvRb¥ aviYv; Akb Ñ Lv`¨`ªe¨, Avnv‡ii e¯‘; mÜ¨vwýK Ñ mÜ¨v‡ejvq wn›`y m¤úª`v‡qi wbZ¨KiYxq c~Rv| cvV cwiwPwZ : myKzgvi †mb m¤úvw`Z Ôkir mvwnZ¨mgMÖÕ MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g LÊ †_‡K ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ bvgK MíwU msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Mixe-`yLx bxPz †kÖwYi †Q‡j KvOvjx| Zvi gv AfvMx| cÖwZ‡ekx DuPz Rv‡Zi gyLy‡h¨ evwoi M„nKÎx©i g„Zz¨i ci mrKv‡ii `„k¨ †`‡L AfvMxi †fZiKvi fvevbyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g ïi“ nq G Mí| g„‡Zi kehvÎvi Avo¤^iZv I mrKv‡ii e¨vcKZv †`‡L AfvMxI wb‡Ri g„Zz¨ gyn~‡Z©i ¯^cœ †`‡L| P›`b, wmu`yi, AvjZv, gvjv, N„Z, gay, a~c, aybv, AwMœi †auvqvq gyLy‡h¨ evwoi wMwbœ ¯^‡M© Mgb K‡i‡Qb| `ywLbx AfvMxI fv‡e Zvi g„Zz¨i mgq ¯^vgxi cv‡qi a~wj wb‡q g„Zz¨ †k‡l cyÎ gyLvwMœ Ki‡j †mI ¯^‡M© hv‡e| g„Zz¨i mgq KvOvjx Zvi evev‡K nvwRi Ki‡Z cvi‡jI cv‡iwb Kv‡Vi Afv‡e gv‡qi mrKvi Ki‡Z| G M‡í mvgš—ev‡`i wbg©g i~c Ges bxP †kÖwYi nZ`wi`ª gvby‡li `ytL-Kó I hš¿Yv kirP›`ª AZ¨š— `i`x fvlvq Dc¯’vb K‡i‡Qb|

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Kg©-Abykxjb 1. †Zvgvi †`Lv abx cwiev‡ii Kv‡iv g„Z¨ I Mixe cwiev‡ii Kv‡iv g„Zz¨ NUbvi Zzjbvg~jK weeiY `vI| z 2. KvOvjx Zvi gv‡qi cÖwZ †h gvZ…fw³ †`wL‡q‡Qb GiKg †Kv‡bv NUbv wjwce× Ki|

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eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i kk¥vb NvU Aew¯’Z ? K. ksL L. Mi“o M. MovB N. cÙv 2| iwmK †ej MvQwU Kx Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj ? K. AfvMxi ke`vn L. Nievwo ˆZwi M. ivbœvi KvV msMÖn N. KvOvjxi Rb¨ DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ZK©iZœ Kwn‡jb avi wbwe ïawe Kxfv‡e ? Mdzi ewjj, †hgb K‡i cvwi ïae evev VvKzi, †Zvgv‡K duvwK †`e bv| 3| ZK©iZœ AfvMxi ¯^M© M‡íi †Kvb&& Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa ? K. VvKzi `vm gyLy‡R¨ L. iwmK `y‡j M. `v‡ivqvbRx N. Aai 4| GB cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i KviY n‡jv Ñ i Df‡qB Rwg`v‡ii cÖwZwbwa ii Rwg`v‡ii †Mvg¯—v iii Rwg`vi I eªvþY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. ii N. ii I iii M. iii m„Rbkxj cÖkœ GB wbôzi Awf‡hv‡M Mdzi †hb evK&‡iva nBqv †Mj| ¶‡YK c‡i ax‡i ax‡i Kwnj, Kvnb Lv‡bK Lo Gevi fv‡M †c‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ †Mj m‡bi e‡Kqv e‡j KZ©vgkvq me a‡i ivL‡jb ? †Ku‡` †K‡U nv‡Z cv‡q c‡o ejjvg, evey gkvB, nvwKg Zzwg, †Zvgvi ivRZ¡ †Q‡o Avi cvjve †Kv_vq ? Avgv‡K cY`‡kK wePzwj bv nq `vI| Pv‡j Lo †bB| evc †ewU‡Z _vwK, ZvI bv nq ZvjcvLvi †MuvRvMuvRv w`‡q G el©vUv KvwU‡q †`e, wKš‘ bv †L‡Z †c‡q Avgvi g‡nk †h g‡i hv‡e| K. KvOvjxi evevi bvg Kx ? L. Ô†Zvi nv‡Zi Av¸b hw` cvB, AvwgI m‡M¨ hveÕ Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡K ÔAfvMxi ¯^M©Õ M‡íi †h mgvRwP‡Îi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. KvOvjxi m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki Mdz‡ii mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI KvOvjx m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Mdz‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i bv Ñ gš—e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki|

46

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wbixn evOvwj
†iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb 9B wW‡m¤^i 1880 wLªóv‡ã iscyi †Rjvi cvqive›` MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv RnxiywÏb †gvnv¤§` Avey Avjx nvq`vi mv‡ei m¤£vš— f~¯^vgx wQ‡jb| †QvU‡ejvq eo †evb Kwigy‡bœmv †eMg †iv‡Kqv‡K evsjv wk¶vq mvnvh¨ K‡ib| c‡i wZwb eo fvB Beªvwng mv‡e‡ii ZË¡veav‡b Bs‡iwR †k‡Lb| wenv‡ii Aš—M©Z fvMjcy‡ii ˆmq` mvLvIqvZ †nv‡m‡bi m‡½ weev‡ni ci wZwb †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb bv‡g cwiwPZ nb| ¯^vgxi †cÖiYvq wZwb mvwnZ¨PP©v ïiy K‡ib| mgKvjxb gymjgvb mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Kzms¯‹v‡ii weiy‡× wZwb †jLbx aviY K‡ib| gymwjg bvix RvMi‡Y wZwb AMÖYx f~wgKvq AeZxY© nb| mvLvIqvZ †g‡gvwiqvj Mvj©m ¯‹zj I AvÄygv‡b LvZqvwZ‡b Bmjvg cÖwZôv K‡i wZwb gymjgvb bvix‡`i wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi c‡_ AMÖmi n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡ib| cÙivM, Ae‡ivaevwmbx, gwZPzi, myjZvbvi ¯^cœ BZ¨vw` Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’| 9B wW‡m¤^i 1932 mv‡j †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| ]

Avgiv `ye©j wbixn evOvwj| GB evOvwj k‡ã †Kgb mygayi Zij †Kvgj fve cÖKvk nq| Avnv ! GB Awgqvwm³ evOvwj †Kvb& weavZv MwoqvwQ‡jb ? Kzmy‡gi †mŠKzgvh©, P‡›`ªi Pw›`ªKv, gayi gvayix, hyw_Kvi †mŠif, mywßi bxieZv, f~a‡ii APjZv, bebxi †KvgjZv, mwj‡ji ZijZvÑGK K_vq wek¦RM‡Zi mgy`q †mŠ›`h© Ges wmœ»Zv jBqv evOvjx MwVZ nBqv‡Q ! Avgv‡`i bvgwU †hgb kÖ“wZgayi Z`ª“c Avgv‡`i mgy`q wµqvKjvcI mnR I mij| Avgiv g~wZ©gZx KweZvÑhw` fviZel©‡K BsivwR ai‡Yi GKwU AÆvwjKv g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e e½‡`k Zvnvi ˆeVKLvbv (drawing room) Ges evOvwj Zvnv‡Z mvRm¾v (drawing room suit)! hw` fviZel©‡K GKUv m‡ivei g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e evOvwj Zvnv‡Z cwÙbx| hw` fviZel©‡K GKLvbv Dcb¨vm g‡b K‡ib, Z‡e evOvwj Zvnvi bvwqKv! fvi‡Zi cyi“l mgv‡R evOvwj cyi“wlKv! AZGe Avgiv g~wZ©gvb Kve¨| Avgv‡`i Lv`¨`ªe¨¸‡jv,ÑcyuBkv‡Ki WuvUv, mwRbv I cyuwU gr‡m¨i †SvjÑAwZkq mim| Avgv‡`i Lv`¨`ªe¨¸‡jvÑN„Z, `y», Qvbv, bebxZ, ¶xi, mi, m‡›`k I im‡Mvj−vÑAwZkq my¯^v`y| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cÖavb dj, Avgª I KuvVvjÑimvj Ges gayi| AZGe Avgv‡`i Lv`¨mvgMÖx wÎ¸YvZ¥KÑmim, my¯^v`y, gayi| Lv‡`¨i ¸Y Abymv‡i kix‡ii cywó nq| ZvB mwRbv †hgb exReûj, Avgv‡`i †`‡k †ZgbB fyuwowU ¯’~j| bebx‡Z †KvgjZv AwaK, ZvB Avgv‡`i ¯^fv‡ei fxi“Zv AwaK| kvixwiK †mŠ›`h© m¤^‡Ü AwaK ejv wb®cÖ‡qvRb; GLb †cvlvK cwi”Q‡`i K_v ewj| Avgv‡`i ei A½ †hgb ˆZjwm³ bewbMwVZ my‡Kvgj, cwi‡aqI Z`ª“c AwZ m~² wkgjvi a~wZ I Pv`i| Bnv‡Z evqymÂvj‡bi (Ventilation Gi) †Kvb evav weNœ nq bv ! Avgiv mgq mgq mf¨Zvi Aby‡iv‡a †KvU kvU© e¨envi Kwi e‡U, KviY cyi“lgvby‡li meB mn¨ nq| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i Aa©v½xÑ†ngv½x, †Kòvw½MY Z`vbyKi‡Y BsivR jjbv‡`i wbj©¾ cwi”Q` (†kwgR R¨v‡KU) e¨envi K‡ib bv| Zuvnviv AwZkq myKzgvix jwjZv j¾veZx jwZKv, ZvB AwZ gm„Y I m~² ÔnvIqvi kvwoÕ c‡ib| evOvwji mKj e¯‘B my›`i, ¯^”Q I mnRjä|

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we‡jZ-†diZ †jvK‡K †KD BU †U‡b ev Kzwji KvR K‡i cqmv Dcvq Ki‡Z †`‡L‡Q ? we‡j‡Zi GK cwÊZ †`kågY Øviv AMva Ávb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jbÑ wMÖK‡`k †_‡K wd‡i G‡m wZwb Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb Ggb KvR, hv Zzwg Avwg Ki‡Z j¾v‡eva Kie| Zv‡Z wK Zuvi RvZ wM‡qwQj ? hvi g‡a¨ Ávb I ¸Y Av‡Q, †m Kqw`b wb‡P c‡o _v‡K ? †jv‡K Zv‡K m¤§vb K‡i Dc‡i †U‡b †Zv‡jB| Kv‡R gvby‡li RvZ hvq bvÑ GUv wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| KvRnxb nI H mgq hLb Kv‡Ri †fZi AmvayZv cÖ‡ek K‡i, Avi †Kv‡bvÑ mg‡qB bq| wek¦-mf¨Zvi GZ `vb Zzwg †fvM Ki Gme Kx K‡i n‡jv ? nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ bq wK ? KvRKvg‡K †L‡jv g‡b Ki‡j Pj‡e bv| wgw¯¿i nvZzwoi AvNvZ, Kvgv‡ii Kcv‡ji Nvg, Kzwji †Kv`vj‡K kÖ×vi †Pv‡L †`‡Lv| A‡b‡K e‡j, Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv KvR †bB| †h KvRB Zviv KiyK, †h w`‡KB Zviv nuvUzKÑ †Kej e¨_©Zv Avi e¨_©Zv ! g~L© hviv ZvivB G K_v e‡j| Zv‡`i G e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ Zviv wb‡R `vqx ! GB ˆbiv‡k¨i nv-ûZvk Zv‡`iB Ag‡bv‡hvM Avi Kzu‡owgi dj| Wv³vi Rbmb gvÎ Kq Avbv cqmv wb‡q jÛ‡bi g‡Zv kn‡i wM‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡qwQ‡jb, A_P wZwb KviI Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv nvZ cv‡Zbwb| GK eÜz Zuv‡K GK mgq GK †Rvov Ry‡Zv w`‡qwQ‡jb| Acgvb‡eva K‡i wZwb †m Ry‡Zv c‡_ †d‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb| D`¨g, cwikÖg I †Póvi mvg‡b me evavB cvwb n‡q hvq| G ¸Y hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q, †h e¨w³ cwikÖgx, Zvi `ytL †bB| Rbmb‡K A‡bK mgq ivwÎ‡Z bv †L‡q ï‡q _vK‡Z n‡Zv, Zv‡Z wZwb †Kv‡bvw`b e¨w_Z ev nZvk nbwb| evav‡K P~Y© K‡i exicyiy‡li g‡Zv wZwb †h KxwZ© †i‡L wM‡q‡Qb, Zv A‡bK †`‡ki A‡bK cwÊZB cvi‡eb bv| ¸Y _vK‡jI †Póv bv Ki‡j RM‡Z cÖwZôv jvf Kiv hvq bv| Aviwfs mv‡ne e‡j‡Qb, Pzc K‡i e‡m _vK‡j KvR n‡e bv| †Póv Ki, bovPov Ki, Ggb wK wKQz-bvo, †fZi wKQz djv‡Z cvi‡e| KzKz‡ii g‡Zv wPrKvi Ki, wmsn n‡qI Nywg‡q _vK‡j Kx jvf ? cix¶vq K…ZKvh© n‡qQ, Zvici g‡b n‡”Q †Zvgvi g~j¨ GK cqmv bq| wRÁvmv Kwi, †Kb ? Rvb bv, G RM‡Z hviv wbZvš— Avbvwo Zviv gv‡m nvRvi nvRvi UvKv Dcvq Ki‡Q ? †Zvgvi GB gg©‡e`bv I `yt‡Li KviY Zzwg g~L©| gvbyl evwj‡Z †mvbv djv‡Z cv‡i, G Zzwg wek¦vm Ki bv? Zzwg Kuy‡o, †Zvgvi D`¨g †bB, Zzwg GKUv AvZ¥cÖZ¨qnxb AfvMv| KvR †QvU †nvK, eo †nvK, cÖvY-gb w`‡q Ki‡e| g~j¨nxb eÜzM‡Yi j¾vq KvR‡K N„Yv †Kv‡iv bv| mKj w`‡K, mKj iK‡g †Zvgvi KvR hv‡Z my›`i nq Zvi †Póv Ki‡e| dK&&m mv‡ne‡K GK mgq GK f`ª‡jvK e‡jwQ‡jb, Avcbvi †jLv fv‡jv bq| Kv‡Ri PviyZvi cÖwZ Zuvi GZ bRi wQj †h, wZwb †mB w`b †_‡K ¯‹z‡ji evj‡Ki b¨vq †jLv Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb Ges AíKv‡ji g‡a¨ Zuvi †jLv PgrKvi n‡q †Mj| DbœwZi Avi GK KviY n‡”Q `„wó I g‡bv‡hvM| GK f`ª‡jv‡Ki LvwbK Rwg wQj| Rwg‡Z jvf †Zv nZB bv, eis w`b w`b Zuvi ¶wZ nw”Qj| wbiycvq n‡q bvggvÎ UvKv wb‡q wZwb GK e¨w³‡K Rwg¸‡jv BRviv w`‡jb| K‡qK eQi †k‡l BRviv`vi GK w`b f~¯^vgx‡K ej‡jb, hw` Rwg¸‡jv weµq K‡ib Zvn‡j Avgv‡KB †`‡eb| Avcbvi K…cvq GB Kq eQ‡i Avwg A‡bK UvKv Rgv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ| f~¯^vgx AevK n‡q wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, GK eQ‡ii †fZi †h Rwg‡Z Avwg GKUv cqmv Dcvq Ki‡Z cvwi

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wb, †mB Rwg gvÎ K‡qK eQi Pvl K‡iB Lwi` Ki‡Z mvnm KiQ ? †m ejj, Avcbvi g‡Zv Ag‡bv‡hvMx I evey Avwg bB| cwikÖg Qvov Avwg Avi wKQz Rvwb bv| †ejv `kUv ch©š— Nygv‡bv Avgvi Af¨vm bq| GK hyeK ¯‹U mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q Dc‡`k †P‡qwQj| hyeK‡K wZwb GB Dc‡`k †`b : Kzu‡owg †Kv‡iv bv, hv Kievi, Zv GLbB Avi¤¢ Ki| wekÖvg hw` Ki‡Z nq KvR †m‡i Ki‡e| mg‡qi hviv mØ¨envi K‡i, Zviv wRZ‡eB| mg‡qB UvKv, mgq UvKvi †P‡q †ewk| Rxeb‡K DbœZ K‡iv KvR K‡i| Ávb AR©b Ki| PwiÎ‡K wVK K‡i e‡m _vK| K…c‡Yi g‡Zv mg‡qi KvQ †_‡K †Zvgvi cvIbv ey‡S bvI| GK NÈv K‡i cÖwZw`b bó Ki, †`L‡e ermi †k‡l ¸‡b †`L, Ae‡njvq KZ mgq bó n‡q‡Q| GK NÈv K‡i cÖwZw`b GKUz K‡i KvR Ki, †`L‡e ermi †k‡l, GgbwK gv‡m KZKvR †Zvgvi n‡q‡Q| †Zvgvi KvR †`‡L Zzwg wb‡RB wew¯§Z n‡e| cÖwZw`b †Zvgvi wPš—v GKLvbv KvM‡R †ewk bq-`k jvBb K‡i a‡i ivL, †`L‡e eQi †k‡l Zzwg GKLvbv mywPwš—Z PgrKvi eB wj‡L †d‡jQ| Rxeb‡K e¨envi Ki, †`L‡e g„Zz¨ Rxe‡bi nvRvi KxwZ©i wbkvb Dwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| Rxeb Avj‡m¨, webv Kv‡R KvwU‡q `vI, g„Zz¨Kv‡j g‡b n‡e Rxe‡b †Zvgvi GKUv wg_¨v jxjvi Awfbq Qvov Avi wKQz nqwbÑ GKUv mxgvnxb `ytL I nv-ûZv‡ki mgwó ! Rxeb †k‡l hw` e‡jv, ÔRxe‡b Kx Kijvg ? wKQz n‡jv bvÕ Zv‡Z Kx jvf n‡e ? Kv‡Ri cÖvi‡¤¢ †f‡e wbI, Zzwg †Kvb Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx, RM‡Z †Kvb KvR Kievi Rb¨ Zzwg ˆZwi n‡qQ-†Kvb Kv‡R †Zvgvi AvZ¥v Z…wß jvf K‡i| mvayZv I m‡Z¨i †fZi w`‡q †hgb DbœwZ jvf Kiv hvq, Ggb Avi wKQz‡Z bq| mZ¨ Ges mvayZv‡K j¶¨ †i‡L e¨emv Ki, †Zvgvi DbœwZ Aek¨¤¢vex| RyqvPzwi K‡i `y w`‡bi Rb¨ Zzwg jvfevb n‡Z cvi, †m jvf `y w`‡bi| RM‡Z †h mg¯— gvbyl e¨emv‡Z DbœwZ K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡`i Kv‡RKv‡g KLbI wg_¨v, RyqvPzwi wQj bv| e¨emv, fv‡jv KvR-Gi †fZi Agh©v`vi wKQz †bB| A‡MŠie nq nxb civaxbZvq, wg_¨v I AmvayZvq| GK e¨w³ gyw` Rxe‡bi j¾v mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡iwQj| gievi Av‡M GKLvbv KvM‡R wj‡L †i‡L wM‡qwQjÑ ÔG nxb Rxeb Avgvi c‡¶ Amnbxq|Õ Zvi g„Zz¨‡Z Avgv‡`i g‡b †Kv‡bv `qvi D‡`ªK nq bv| †jvKwU GZ nxb wQj †h, Zvi gyw` n‡q euvPeviI AwaKvi wQj bv| KvRKvg ev e¨emv‡Z A‡MŠie †bB| XvKvi mycÖwm× beve es‡ki bvg c~e©e‡½ cÖwm×| GB es‡ki cÖwZôvZv AvwjgDj−vn&& wQ‡jb GKRb e¨emvqx| RvwZi Kj¨vY nq e¨emvi †fZi w`‡q| e¨emv‡K †h kÖ×vi †Pv‡L †`‡L bv †m g~L©| Bs‡iR RvwZi GB †MŠie-Mwigvi GK KviY e¨emv| e¨emv bv Ki‡j Zviv GZ eo n‡Z cviZ bv| †h wRwbm wb‡R wKb‡j V‡KQ e‡j g‡b nq, †m wRwbm †µZv‡K KLbI w`I bv| KLbI AbwfÁ †µZv‡K VwKI bv| nq‡Zv g‡b n‡e †Zvgvi †jvKmvb n‡jv, wKš‘ bv, A‡c¶v Ki, †Zvgvi mvayZv I mybvg Qov‡Z `vI, †jvKmv‡bi `k¸Y G‡m †Zvgvi c‡K‡U fwZ© n‡e| e¨emvi †fZi mvayZv i¶v K‡i KvR Kivq A‡bKLvwb gbyl¨‡Z¡i `iKvi| †h e¨emvqx †jvf mseiY K‡i wb‡Ri mybvg‡K euvwP‡q iv‡L, †m Kg gn‡Ë¡i cwiPq †`q bv| wgó I mwnòz e¨envi, f`ªZv Ges Aí jv‡fi B”Qv †Zvgvi e¨emvqx Rxeb‡K mdj Ki‡e|

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AbeiZ PvKwii †jv‡f hye‡Kiv †mvbvi kw³fiv Rxeb‡K weow¤^Z K‡i w`‡”Q| wgw¯¿, Kvgvi, wkíx, `iwR Giv wK mZ¨B wbgœ¯—‡ii †jvK ? Awkw¶Z e‡jB wK mf¨ mgv‡R G‡`i ¯’vb †bB ? hv Zzwg mvgvb¨ e‡j Ae‡njv KiQ, Zv KZLvwb Ávb, wPš—v I mvabvi dj Zv wK †f‡e †`‡LQ ? wkw¶Z e¨w³ †h †Kv‡bv KvRB KiyK bv, Zvi m¤§vb, A_© `yB-B jvf n‡e| AvZ¥vi Adziš— kw³‡K gvby‡li K…cvcÖv_x© n‡q e¨_© K‡i w`‡qv bv|

kãv_© I UxKv : e¨w³Z¡Ñ e¨w³we‡k‡li ˆewkó¨| wb®‹j¼Ñ wbg©j| †c−‡Uv (wLª:c~: 427-347)-wk¶veªZx I mZ¨vbymÜvbx †c−‡Uv 387 wLªó c~e©v‡ã GKv‡Wwg bv‡g G‡_‡Ý GKwU we`¨vjq ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges wk¶vg~jK M‡elYvq eªZx nb| wicvewjK Zuvi weL¨vZ MÖš| †c−‡Uvi g‡Z, e¨w³‡Z¡i gvb ev Rxe‡bi mv_©KZv Kx ? ’ Zuvi K_vq Only an examined life is worthliving A_©vr cixw¶Z RxebB mv_©K Rxeb-AvZ¥Áv‡bi Øviv cwikxwjZ Rxeb‡evaB e¨w³mËvi aviK I evnK| AmvayZvÑ cÖZviYv, AmrKvR| †L‡jvÑ g~j¨nxb, wbK…ó| W. Rbmb- (Dr. Samual Johnson : 1709-1784)-GKRb wewkó Bs‡iR †jLK I Bs‡iwR fvlvq cÖ_g Awfavb msKjK| wZwb eû cÖL¨vZ Awfavb cÖ‡YZv| †hgb : Dictionary, Vanity of Human Wishes, Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, Lives of the Poets BZ¨vw`| Aviwfs- (Washington Irving : 1883-1959)-GKRb Av‡gwiKvb †jLK| Zuvi me©‡kÖô RbwcÖq MÖ‡š’i bvg Ôwicf¨vb DBsKj|Õ ¯‹U- (Sir Walter Scott : 1771-1832)- Bs‡iwR fvlvq cÖL¨vZ ¯‹wUk Jcb¨vwmK I Mv_v iPwqZv| Zuvi Ab¨Zg †kÖô Dcb¨vm ÔAvBfvb‡nvÕ| nv-ûZvk-Av‡¶caŸwb| D‡`ªK-D`q, mÂvi| †MŠie-Mwigv, gh©v`v, Me©| weow¤^Z-`ytLcÖvß| e¨_©-wbõj| cvV cwiwPwZ : ÔD`¨g I cwikÖgÕ wbeÜwU †gvnv¤§` jyrdi ingv‡bi ÔDbœZ RxebÕ MÖ‡š’i `kg cwi‡”Q` †_‡K msM„nxZ| MÖ‡š’i g~j wbe‡Ü Gi bvg ÔPvKwi, KvRKg© I e¨emv : D`¨g, †Póv, cwikÖg|Õ D`¨g I cwikÖg wbe‡Ü †gvnv¤§` jyrdi ingvb ¯úói~‡c D”PviY K‡i‡Qb †h, Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ PvKwi Ki‡Z n‡e| KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †Kv‡bv KvRB †hb g‡bi ¯^vaxbZv‡K Le© bv K‡i| PvKwi Rxe‡b ¯^v_©e„w× ev Ab¨v‡qi †Kv‡bv ¯úk© †hb bv _v‡K| KvR †QvU †nvK ¶wZ †bB, wKš‘ civbyMÖ‡ni P‡µ †hb e¨w³ Zvi mËvi Agh©v`v K‡i Avkvi cZb bv NUvq| c„w_ex‡Z GgbI `„óvš— Av‡Q, huviv GKKv‡j †QvULv‡Uv KvR K‡i‡Qb, AvZ¥m¤§vb eRvq †i‡L wbR j¶¨ w¯’i †i‡L Ae‡k‡l n‡q‡Q c„w_exL¨vZ †jvK| Av‡Z¥vbœwZi Rb¨ cwikÖg Ges D`¨g Acwinvh©, Gi m‡½ `„wó I g‡bv‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e| mvayZv I m‡Z¨i †fZi w`‡q †hgb mËvi gwngv D™¢vwmZ nq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g, †Zgwb mgv‡RI ¯^wbf©i hye‡Ki, wkw¶Z gvby‡li Adziš— kw³i cÖKvkI Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| `ytL nq, hLb †`Lv hvq, D`xqgvb hye‡Ki g‡a¨ †h m¤¢vebvgq †mvbvi g‡Zv g~j¨evb kw³ mshy³ Av‡Q, ZLb ZvivB civbyMÖ‡ni †gv‡n `yqv‡i `yqv‡i PvKwii Rb¨ gv_v Kz‡U gi‡Q| A_P Zv‡`i Kv‡Q, Kg©kw³fiv `ywU mej nvZ Av‡Q, wk¶vjä Ávb, AwfÁZvgq gw¯—®‹ Av‡Q, DÏxcbvgq cÖvYù~wZ© Av‡Q, GB ¸Yvewji mdj cÖ‡qvM Zv‡`i †`‡e mv_©K Rxe‡bi mÜvb, AvZ¥wbf©iZv Z_v AvZ¥cÖwZôvq A‡gq kw³|

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2| Ômg‡qi hviv mØ¨envi K‡i Zviv wRZ‡eBÕÑGK_v Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ? K. cwikªgxiv weRqx n‡e L. Avjm¨ Z¨vM Kiv DwPZ M. KvR‡K N„Yv Kiv AbywPZ N. mrkª‡gi †Kvb weKí †bB wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cwikªg †mŠfv‡M¨i cÖm~wZ| 3| ÔD`¨g I cwikªgÕ cÖe‡Üi †h Pwi‡Îi gv‡S DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq wZwb n‡jb Ñ i. Aviwfs ii. W. Rbkb iii. †c−‡Uv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii M. i I iii 4| D³ cÖwZdj‡bi KviY Kx ? K. mZZv I cwikªg M. D`¨g I mvnm L. N. L. N. ii I iii i, ii I iii

D`¨g I cwikªg cwikªg I wbôv

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Gm. Iqv‡R` Avwj
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : Gm Iqv‡R` Avwj 1896 wLªóv‡ã (28‡k fv`ª 1303 mb) mvZ¶xiv †Rjvi euvk`n MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| KjKvZv e½evmx K‡j‡R we.Gm. K¬v‡mi QvÎ _vKvKvjxb wZwb Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges GLv‡bB †jLvcovi mgvwß NUvb| Gici wZwb mvsevw`KZv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb ÔgvwmK †gvnv¤§`xÕ, Ôˆ`wbK †gvnv¤§`xÕ, Ôˆ`wbK †meKÕ, ÔmvßvwnK mIMvZÕ, ÔmvßvwnK Lv‡`gÕ, Bs‡iwR Ôw` gymjgvbÕ BZ¨vw` cwÎKvq Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ : gnvgvbyl gynmxb, giyfv¯‹i, ˆmq` Avng`, ¯^Y©vbw›`bx, †QvU‡`i nhiZ gyn¤§` BZ¨vw`| wZwb Lye cwi”Qbœ wPš—v I hyw³ev`x gb wb‡q mewKQzi wePvi Ki‡Zb| mnR mij cÖKvkfw½ Zuvi iPbvi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| Zuvi M`¨‰kjx FRy, iPbv mvejxj| ¯^v¯’¨MZ Kvi‡Y wZwb 1935 mv‡j KjKvZv †Q‡o euvk`‡n wd‡i Av‡mb Ges †mLv‡bB 1954 mv‡ji 8B b‡f¤^i g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|]

Rxeb‡K my›`i Ki‡Z n‡j †mŠ›`‡h©i wb`k©b wkí‡K mvaviY Rxe‡b wewkó GKUz ¯’vb †`Iqv `iKvi| Avgv‡`i evwo my›`i nIqv PvB, evwoi cÖv½Y my›`i nIqv PvB, evwoi AvmevecÎ my›`i nIqv PvB, evwoi mvR-miÄvg my›`i nIqv PvB, evwoi †eówbI my›`i nIqv PvB| Zvici Avgiv hv cwi, Avgiv hv e¨envi Kwi, meB my›`i nIqv PvB| †Kej ZvB bqÑAvgv‡`i emevi fw½ my›`i nIqv PvB, Avgv‡`i DVevi fw½ my›`i nIqv PvB, Avgv‡`i K_v ejevi fw½ my›`i nIqv PvB, Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwU A½fw½, Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwU AvPvi, cÖ‡Z¨KwU e¨envi my›`i nIqv PvB| hv Amy›`i, hv K`h©, hv Kzrwmr, hv K`vKvi †m me‡K †Kvb-bv-†Kvb Dcv‡q Rxeb †_‡K Avgv‡`i Zvov‡Z n‡e| mZ¨ †hgb evÃbxq Rxe‡bi Acwinvh© GKwU A½, †kÖq †hgb evÃbxq Rxe‡bi Acwinvh© GKwU A½, my›`iI †Zgwb †mB evÃbxq Rxe‡biB Acwinvh© GKwU A½| cÖvPxb MÖx‡Kiv †h GKvš—fv‡e †mŠ›`h©wcÖq wQ‡jb cvVK †m K_v Rv‡bb| Zuviv hy×-Kzkj Ges hy×wcÖqI wQ‡jb| Zv‡`i welq Avwg c‡owQ, hy‡×i, hy‡×i mgq me©v½ jvj Kvc‡o Ave„Z K‡i Zuviv hy‡× †h‡Zb, i‡³i `vM †`n‡K Zv‡`i hv‡Z Kzrwmr, K`vKvi K‡i bv †Zv‡j †mB D‡Ï‡k¨| Avgv‡`iI Zuv‡`iB gZ Rxeb‡K me© cÖKvi K`h©Zv †_‡K `~‡i ivLevi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡g Ges kn‡i wK `„k¨ Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB ? Avgvi wb‡Ri Ges Av‡kcv‡ki MÖvg¸wji K_vB GLb ewj| †gvUi‡hv‡M wKsev c`eª‡R District Board-Gi iv¯—v †e‡q MÖv‡gi w`‡K AMÖmi nB, ZLb ¯úóB g‡b nq, District Board-Gi KZ©viv Rxe‡b †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †gv‡U Dcjwä K‡ib bv ! mi“, Amgvb c_, `yav‡i Zvi AvMvQvi ivk| c‡_i cvk w`‡q P‡j †M‡Q b`©gv, Zv‡Z KZiKg AveR©bv †h c‡o Av‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiv hvq bv| A`~‡i euv‡ki eb, Zv‡Z gvbylI cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Av‡jvKI cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †Wvev, cy®‹wiYx, gRvb`x meB jZv¸‡j¥ fivÑ †Kvb †mŠ›`h© m„wói cÖqv‡mi wPý ch©š— cvIqv hvq bv| Avgiv †`k wb‡q Me© Ki‡Z fv‡jvevwm| e¶ ùxZ K‡i mg‡q Avgiv e‡j _vwK evsjv‡`‡ki gZ my›`i †`k †Kv_vI bvB| wKš‘ mZ¨B wK ZvB ! GB †mw`b Avwg wkgyjZjvq wM‡qwQjvg| †mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Avgvq gy» K‡iwQj| Avgvi m‡½ GK ZiyY eÜz wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`k‡K wZwb eoB fv‡jvev‡mb| wkgyjZjvq hvevi c~‡e© Zuvi Kv‡Q evsjv †`‡ki †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖksmv Anin ïb‡Z †cZzg| †dievi mgq hLb Avgv‡`i †Uªb evsjvi gvwU‡Z cÖ‡ek

62

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Ki‡j ZLb †`Ljyg Avgvi Zi“Y eÜz gvZ…f~wgi †mŠ›`‡h©i welq Zuvi gZ m¤ú~Y©i~‡c e`‡j †d‡j‡Qb| mZ¨B, ea©gvb †_‡K KjKvZvq Avm‡Z †h K`h©Zv Avgv‡`i `„wó‡K e¨_vq RR©wiZ K‡i, Zv †`‡L g‡b nq bv †h Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †jv‡Kiv Rxe‡bi †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wKQzgvÎ Dcjwä Ki‡Qb| Avgvi MÖv‡gi K_vq †div hvK&&| District Board-Gi iv¯—v †_‡K †h c_ MÖv‡g wM‡q‡Q †m c_ GZ miy †h Zvi Dci w`‡q †Kvb iKg hvbevnb Pvjvb GKvš— KwVb e¨vcvi| †mB miy iv¯—v‡K MÖvgevmx‡`i †mŠ›`h© Abyf~wZnxb ¯^v_©ciZv wbZ¨B AviI miy K‡i Zzj‡Q| mK‡jB mvavi‡Yi iv¯—vi GK BwÂ, `yB BwÂ wKsev Z‡ZvwaK cwigvY Rwg wb‡Ri GjvKvfz³ Kievi Rb¨ e¨MÖ| iv¯—vi †mŠ›`‡h©i w`‡K KviI `„wó bvB, †mŠ›`h© bvgK wRwbmUvi w`‡KB KviI `„wó bvB| MÖv‡g A‡bK¸wj †KvVvevwo Av‡Q| †m me cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z h‡_ó A_© e¨q n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †mŠ›`h©vbyf~wZi †Kvb wb`k©b evwo¸wji wfZ‡iI cvIqv hvq bv Avi evB‡iI cvIqv hvq bv| GK KvVv RwgI †KD my›`ifv‡e mvRv‡Z †Póv K‡iwb| †KD nq‡Zv wKQz dvwb©Pvi, `yÕGKLvbv Qwe GKUv N‡i †i‡L‡Q| wKš‘ †m N‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡jB †evSv hvq, †h M„n¯^vgx Taste ev iywP wRwbmUvi m‡½ `~i m¤úK©I iv‡L bv| gvwUi evwoi Ae¯’v †KvVvevwoi †P‡qI †kvPbxq, Avi evMvb, cy®‹wiYx cÖf…wZi welq wKQz bv ejvB fv‡jv| cwj−MÖv‡gi welq hv ejv n‡jv, kn‡ii †ejv‡ZI ZvB ejv P‡j| kn‡ii Nievwo, AvmevecÎ, evwoi †eówb cªf…wZ †`L‡j ¯úóB †evSv hvq †h, Avgv‡`i †`kevmxiv Rxe‡b †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖ‡qvRb †gv‡UB Abyfe K‡ib bv, my›`i wK Avi Amy›`i wK †m wel‡q Zuv‡`i aviYv GKvš—B Kz‡nwjKve„Z| Avwg GK¯’v‡b e‡jwQ, cybivq ewj, me‡P‡q eo wkí n‡”Q Rxeb-wkí| Ab¨ me iK‡gi wkí n‡”Q †mB weivU Rxeb wk‡íiB GK GKwU wefvMgvÎ| cÖ‡Z¨KwU wefv‡Mi w`‡K Avgv‡`i `„wó ivLv `iKvi Rxeb-wkí‡K mv_©K Kivi R‡b¨| Avi hw` mZ¨B Ki‡Z n‡e, Avgv‡`i KvRKg©‡K wbqwš¿Z Ki‡Z n‡e, Avgv‡`i bvMwiK Rxeb‡K wbqwš¿Z Ki‡Z n‡e, Avgv‡`i ivóªxq Rxeb‡K wbqwš¿Z Ki‡Z n‡e, GK K_vq Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wefvM‡K wbqwš¿Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Zvi R‡b¨ `iKvi e¨vcK Ges HKvwš—K mgevwqK cÖ‡Póvi| cvVK ej‡eb, GZ eo cÖ‡Póvi K_v ejv mnR, Kiv mnR bq| ¶z`ª Avwg G‡Z wK Ki‡Z cvwi ? Z‡e ewj ïbyb| Avcwb G‡Z A‡bK wKQz Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi evwo‡K my›`i K‡i mvRvb| Avcbvi evwoi DVvb‡K, Avk-cv‡ki Rwg‡K c‡Î-cy‡®ú †kvwfZ K‡i Zzjyb| Avcbvi †cvlvK-cwi”Q` Av‡U©i GK GKwU wb`k©b †nvK| my›`i GK †eóbx Avcbvi Rxe‡b wN‡i _vKzK| my›`‡ii cÖksmvq Avcbvi KÉ gyLwiZ †nvK| †`L‡eb wb‡R‡K hZUv ¶z`ª g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb ZZUv ¶z`ª Avcwb bb| Avi †`L‡eb, Avcbvi ¯—e-¯‘wZ‡Z, Avcbvi mvabvq Zzó n‡q †mŠ›`h©‡`ex Avcbvi MÖv‡g, Avcbvi cvovq mkix‡i Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Qb|

kãv_© I UxKv : c`eªR Ñ cv‡q †nu‡U; b`©gv Ñ cqtcÖYvwj, †Wªb; gRvb`x Ñ Rjnxb b`x, ïwK‡q hvIqv b`x; ùxZ Ñ dz‡j ev †du‡c D‡V‡Q Ggb, Mwe©Z; †KvVvevwo Ñ cvKvevwo, AÆvwjKv, `vjvb; dvwb©Pvi Ñ AvmevecÎ; Ky‡nwjKve„Z Ñ Kzqvkv Ave„Z, cÖ”Qbœ; mgevwqK Ñ mw¤§wjZ D‡`¨v‡M †Kv‡bv wKQz M‡o †Zvjvi cÖqvm, `je× cÖ‡Póv|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

63

cvV cwiwPwZ : evsjv GKv‡Wgx †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Gm. Iqv‡R` Avwj iPbvewj †_‡K Rxe‡b wk‡íi ¯’vb kxl©K cÖeÜwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| m„wói †miv Rxe gvbyl| Z‡e gb bv _vK‡j gvbyl nq bv| Avi G gb‡K me©`v gvbm †mŠ›`‡h©i PP©vq wb‡ew`Z n‡Z nq| K_vevZ©v, AvPiY, Lv`¨ MÖnY, †cvlvK wbe©vPb, M„nm¾v, M„‡ni Pvicv‡ki cwi”QbœZv cÖf…wZ gvby‡li Rxeb‡K my›`i I Avb›`gq K‡i †Zv‡j| Gi d‡j cwievi, mgvR, RvwZ, †`k wbwe©‡k‡l GKwU my`„p e¨e¯’vcbvi wb`k©biƒ‡c M‡o I‡V|

Abykxjbx
Kg©-Abykxjb †Zvgvi evwoi †mŠ›`h© evov‡Z Zzwg Kx Kx c`‡¶c wb‡qQ Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| me‡P‡q eo wkí †Kvb&&wU ? K. M. K. L. M. N. Pvi“wkí Kvi“wkí L. N. Rxebwkí ¯’vcZ¨wkí

2| Rxeb wkí ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ? M„‡ni Pvicvk my›`i ivLv gvbm †mŠ›`‡h©i PP©v Kiv my›`i‡K AviI Mfxifv‡e Rvbv Pvicv‡k wkíKjvi cÖ‡qvM NUv‡bv

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : c„w_exi me dzj GKB wbqg †g‡b dzj bvg †c‡q‡Q| Avgiv †`‡L ewj my›`i| G wbqgwU n‡jv GKB we›`y †_‡K mKj cvcwo we›`yi Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q _vK‡e| GB GK wbqg †g‡bB KZ iKg dzj ¯^vaxbfv‡e dz‡U I‡V| 3| DÏxc‡K ÔRxe‡b wk‡íi ¯’vbÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU n‡jv Ñ
i. Rxeb †mŠ›`h© ii. wbqwš¿Z Rxeb iii. m„wói cÖqvm

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. ii i I ii

L. N.

iii i, ii I iii

64

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

4| cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU wb‡Pi †Kvb ev‡K¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ? K. L. M. N. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ gvby‡li gb e‡j, cÖ‡qvRb wgU‡jB n‡e bv, Zv‡K my›`i n‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ bKwkKuv_v, iv‡Î weQvbvq Mv‡q w`‡q †kvIqvi Rb¨ GKwU mvgMÖxÑ †mUv †Zv my›`i-Amy›`i nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wKš‘ GB cÖ‡qvR‡bi wRwbm‡K muyB Avi iwOb myZv w`‡q Ac~e© bKkv K‡i mvwR‡q‡Q Muv‡qi ea~iv| bKwkKuv_v †`L‡jB my›`i jv‡M, wRwbmwUi cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v g‡bB c‡o bv| G Kvi‡YB mKj Ávbx gvbyl e‡jb, Ôme my›`iB mivmwi cÖ‡qvR‡bi evB‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡bi KvR wgUj †Zv kixi‡K Z…ß Kij Avi Ñ cÖ‡qvR‡bi evB‡i †h my›`i Zv gb‡K Z…ß Kij|Õ K. L. M. N. Rxeb‡K Kx †_‡K `~‡i ivLvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e ? Avgv‡`i KvRKg©‡K wbqwš¿Z Ki‡Z n‡e †Kb ? DÏxc‡K ÔRxe‡b wk‡íi ¯’vbÕ cÖe‡Ü dz‡U IVv w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| Dwj−wLZ dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔRxeb wk‡íi ¯’vbÕ cÖe‡Üi AvswkK cÖwZdjb gvÎ Ñ gš—e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| mie, Amgvb c_, `yÕav‡i Zvi AvMvQvi ivk M„n¯^vgx i“wP wRwbmUvi m‡½ `~i m¤úK©I iv‡L bv wkgyjZjvi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Avgv‡K gy» K‡iwQj miy iv¯—v‡K MÖvgevmxi ¯^v_©ciZv AviI mi“ K‡i Zzj‡Q|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

65

Avg AuvwUi †fucy wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 1894 mv‡j 24 ciMbvi gyivwicyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg gnvb›`v e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Ges gvZv g„Yvwjbx †`ex| ¯’vbxq ebMÖvg ¯‹zj †_‡K 1914 mv‡j wZwb g¨vwUªvK cvk K‡ib Ges KjKvZv wicb K‡jR †_‡K Av.G. Ges we.G. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb ûMjx, KjKvZv I e¨vivKcy‡ii wewfbœ ¯‹z‡j wk¶KZv K‡ib| kirP‡›`ªi c‡i wZwb evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i me‡P‡q RbwcÖq wkíx| cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© I MÖvg evsjvi mvaviY gvby‡li mnR-mij Rxeb-hvc‡bi AmvaviY GK Av‡jL¨ wbg©vY K‡i wZwb evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Agi n‡q Av‡Qb| cÖK…wZ Ges gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Awfbœ m¤ú‡K©i wPivqZ Zvrc‡h© Zuvi K_vmvwnZ¨ gwngvgwÊZ| wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm n‡jv : c‡_i cuvPvjx, AcivwRZ, AviY¨K, BQvgwZ, `„wócÖ`xc| MíMš’ : †gNgj−vi, †gŠixdzj, hvÎve`j| BQvgwZ Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¨ wZwb iex›`ªcyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| 1950 mv‡ji 1jv †m‡Þ¤^i wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|]

mKvj †ejv| AvUUv wK bqUv| nwin‡ii cyÎ Avcb g‡b †ivqv‡K ewmqv †Ljv Kwi‡Z‡Q, Zvnvi GKUv †QvU wU‡bi ev· Av‡Q, †mUvi Wvjv fvOv| ev‡·i mgy`q m¤úwË †m Dcyo Kwiqv †g‡S‡Z Xvwjqv‡Q| GKUv is-IVv Kv‡Vi †Nvov, Pvi cqmv `v‡gi GKUv †Uvj&-LvIqv wU‡bi †fucy-evuwk, †MvUvKZK Kwo| G¸wj †m gv‡qi AÁvZmv‡i j²xc~Rvi Kwoi Pzcwo nB‡Z Lywjqv jBqvwQj I cv‡Q †Kn †Ui cvq GB f‡q me©`v jyKvBqv iv‡L- GKUv `yÕcqmv `v‡gi wc¯—j, KZK¸‡jv ïK‡bv bvUv dj| †`wL‡Z fv‡jv ewjqv Zvnvi w`w` †Kv_v nB‡Z A‡bK¸wj KzovBqv AvwbqvwQj, wKQz Zvnv‡K w`qv‡Q, wKQz wb‡Ri cyZz‡ji ev‡· ivwLqv w`qv‡Q| LvbKZK Lvcivi KzwP| M½v-hgybv †Lwj‡Z GB Lvciv¸wji j¶¨ Ae¨_© ewjqv wek¦vm nIqvq †m G¸wj mh‡Zœ ev‡· ivwLqv w`qv‡Q, G¸wj Zvnvi gnvg~j¨evb m¤úwË GZ¸wj wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ m‡e †m wU‡bi euvwkUv K‡qKevi evRvBqv †mwUi m¤^‡Ü weMZ †KŠZ~nj nBqv Zvnv‡K GKcv‡k ivwLqv w`qv‡Q| Kv‡Vi †Nvov bvovPvov Kiv nBqv wMqv‡Q| †mwUI GKcv‡k wcRiv‡cv‡ji Avmvwgi b¨vq cwoqv Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b †m M½v-hgybv †Lwjevi Lvciv¸wj‡K nv‡Z jBqv g‡b g‡b `vIqvi Dci M½v-hgybvi Ni AuvKv Kíbv Kwiqv †PvL eywRqv Lvciv QzuBqv †`wL‡Z‡Q ZvK wVK nB‡Z‡Q wK bv! Ggb mg‡q Zvnvi w`w` `yM©v DVv‡bi KuvVvjZjv nB‡Z WvwKjÑAcyÑ I AcyÑ| †m GZ¶Y evwo wQj bv, †Kv_v nB‡Z GBgvÎ Avwmj| Zvnvi ¯^i GKUz mZ©ZvwgwkÖZ| gvby‡li Mjvi AvIqvR cvBqv Acy K‡ji cyZz‡ji g‡Zv j¶¥xi Pzcwoi Kwo¸wj ZvovZvwo jyKvBqv †dwjj| c‡i ewjj- wK, †i w`w`? `yM©v nvZ bvwoqv WvwKjÑ Avq Gw`‡KÑ †kvb&Ñ `yM©vi eqm `k-GMv‡iv ermi nBj| Mob cvZjv cvZjv, is Acyi g‡Zv AZUv dm©v bq, GKUz Pvcv| nv‡Z Kv‡Pi Pzwo, ci‡b gqjv Kvco, gv_vi Pzj i“¶Ñ evZv‡m Dwo‡Z‡Q, gy‡Li Mob g›` bq, Acyi g‡Zv †PvL¸wj †ek WvMi WvMi| Acy †ivqvK nB‡Z bvwgqv Kv‡Q †Mj, ewjj,Ñ †K †i? `yM©vi nv‡Z GKUv bvwi‡K‡ji gvjv! †mUv †m wbPz Kwiqv †`LvBj, KZK¸wj KwP Avg KvUv| myi wbPz Kwiqv ewjjÑ gv NvU †_‡K Av‡m wb †Zv?

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100

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ÔDn&& gv‡MvÕ e‡j jvd w`‡q m‡i hvB K‡qK nvZ| wd‡i †`wL GKRb RUvavix dwKi nvm‡Q Avgvi Ae¯’v †`‡L| GwM‡q G‡m †m e‡j, Ôfq †cwj bvwK ? `yw`b †L‡Z cvBwb| `y‡Uv cqmv †`|Õ ixwZg‡Zv Nvg w`‡q‡Q Avgv‡K| gyL w`‡q K_v †e‡ivq bv| Zey nv‡Z PvKz bv-_vKvi R‡b¨ dwKiUv‡K ab¨ev` w`B g‡b-g‡b Avi c‡KU †_‡K `y‡Uv cqmv †ei K‡i Zvi w`‡K Qz‡o gvwi| †PŠi½x G‡m c‡owQ| GKUv †jvK nVvr Avgvi c_ AvM‡j `uvovq| e‡j, Ôd‡Uv Zzj‡eb ? Avmyb| GK UvKvq wZb Kwc|Õ †jvKUvi K_vi Reve bv w`‡q cvk KvwU‡q P‡j hvB| wKš‘ fzj n‡q †Mj| gvby‡li f‡q fxZ gvby‡li d‡UvUv Zz‡j ivLv DwPZ wQj Avgvi| GK cqmvi GKUv Ôcvwms †kvÕ wmMv‡iU wK‡b iwki Av¸‡b aiv‡Z hve, nVvr Kvi ¯ú‡k© wkD‡i DwV| †P‡q †`wL, Avgv‡`i myfvl gyPwK nvm‡Q| mncvVx eÜzi Avwj½‡b ey‡Ki †fZiUv †hb wf‡R I‡V| wKš‘ Ii eyKUv k³ jvMj bv ! Rvgvi Ici nvZ ivwL| ZvB †Zv ! myfvl †n‡m e‡j, ÔnvZ w`‡q †`LwQb Kx ?Õ Ô†`LwQ, gv‡bÑ‡Zvi eyKUv k³ jvM‡Q †Kb †i ?Õ Ôk³ jvM‡Q ûun& ûu ! G wRwbK †`wLmwb KL‡bv| †jvnvi Zv‡ii †MwÄ| G‡Kev‡i bqv Avwe®‹vi| Ôbqv Avwe®‹vi|Õ Ônu¨v G eg© †f` Ki‡e PvKz ? DuûÑ! myfv‡li Rvgvi Ici nvZ w`‡q w`‡q AvuP Ki‡Z cvwi, †jvnvi Zvi w`‡q ˆZwi nvZvKvUv †MwÄ| g›` wRwbm bq| mnmv ANvZ K‡i wKQz Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avwg †n‡m ewj, ÔwK‡i PvKz-UvKz jyKv‡bv †bB †Zv ?Õ Ô†bB †Zv Kx ! wbÊqB Av‡Q| G¶zwb †Zvi ey‡K ewm‡q †`e| ‡Zvi i³ w`‡q †duvUv-wZjK †K‡U Kvjxc~‡Rv Kie|Õ ÔGLv‡b Kx Kwim ?Õ Ôcwo AvU© ¯‹z‡j|Õ ÔAvU© ¯‹z‡j ! wVK Av‡Q| †kvb&&, †Zv‡K †Zv‡K GKUv Qwe AvuK‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li f‡q gvby‡li ‡Pnviv †Kgb nq, dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e †m Qwe‡Z| cviwe †Zv ?Õ ÔZv †`Le †Póv K‡i|Õ Av‡iv `y-GK K_v e‡j we‡`q nB ZvovZvwo| †nu‡U †nu‡U †PŠi½x ch©š— Avwm| wKš‘ cv Avi P‡j bv| Pjevi †Kv‡bv †nZz †bB †h ! †fv‡i hv †L‡qwQ, Avi Gch©š— GK †cqvjv Pv-I bv| KvR©b cv‡K© e‡m cwo| †nu‡U hvIqv Am¤¢e| wfo Kg‡j ev‡mB hve| mv‡o QÕUvi mgq ev‡m GKUz RvqMv cvIqv hvq| cu-cu Ki‡Z Ki‡Z evm QzU‡Q| GZ wfo, evB‡ii wKQzB †`Lv hvq bv| eyS‡Z cviwQ bv, †Kvb&& iv¯— a‡i Pj‡Q Mvwo| eyg&-g&&Ñ Avevi eyg&Ñg&&Ñ fxlY kã| Kv‡b Zvjv †j‡M †M‡Q| ïb‡Z cvB bv wKQz| †kqv‡ji f‡h LuvPvi †gvi‡Mi g‡Zv KiwQ Avgiv| Zvici †Kvb&& w`K w`‡q †Kgb K‡i evmLvbv P‡j Gj, AZ †Lqvj †bB| K‡qKR‡bi gy‡L ïbjvg, ev‡micv`vwbi Ici †_‡K `yRb‡K `y‡c‡q †kqv‡j †U‡b wb‡q †M‡Q| Avi A‡b‡Ki nvZ-gyL bvKKvb wQu‡o †M‡Q †evgvi AvNv‡Z|

112

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

N‡ii Kv‡Q G‡mI Avi-GKevi wkD‡i DwV| A¶Z †`‡n ˆcZ…K cÖvYUv wb‡q wd‡i G‡mwQ Avwg| mÜ¨v n‡q †M‡Q| wkw_j kixiUv‡K †U‡b G‡b weQvbvq †X‡j w`B| gvby‡li gv‡S GKw`b P‡jB gyl‡o c‡owQ Avwg| Avgvi mg¯— ivM N„Yv AvR gvby‡li Ici| †PvL ey‡R fvewQ Ñ c`Z¨vMcÎUv cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi GL‡bv nq‡Zv mgq Av‡Q| Avgvi R‡b¨ eb-wefv‡Mi PvKwiUv fv‡jv| gvbyl Zvi gbyl¨Z¡ wb‡q kn‡i _vK| Avwg e‡b wM‡q Avevi ebgvbyl ne| kãv_© I UxKv : wns¯ªvjq- wns¯ª cÖvwYi evm¯’vb; MjMÖwš’- Mjvi eÜwb| UvB (Tie); QvZjv- k¨vIjv, †`qv‡j Rgv cyiv‡bv gqjv; A¨vwÏb- G‡Zvw`b k‡ãi K_¨iƒc; V¨vq‡iv- `uvovI; VvIiv‡jv- g‡b Kij; †PŠi½x- Pvi iv¯—vi wgjb¯’j| KwjKvZvi GKwU ¯’v‡bi bvg| cvV cwiwPwZ : fviZ wefv‡Mi Av‡M 1946 mv‡j G AÂ‡j fqven wn›`y gymjgvb `v½v n‡qwQj| G mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vi cUf~wg‡Z ebgvbyl MíwU wjwLZ| G M‡íi †jLK ebwefv‡M mvgvb¨ †eZ‡b PvKwi Ki‡Zb| wZwb wØ¸Y †eZ‡b KwjKvZvq PvKzwi Ki‡Z Av‡mb| KwjKvZvq G‡m cÖ_‡g Zuvi wb‡R‡K mf¨ gvbyl g‡b n‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ wZwb ZLb mv¤úª`vwqK nvbvnvwbi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z _v‡Kb| wZwb †`‡Lb G kn‡ii gvby‡liv a‡g©i bv‡g ci¯úi‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡Q| e‡bi cï-cvwLivI G iKg ci¯úi‡K nZ¨v K‡i bv| ZLb †jLK Avevi eb wefv‡Mi PvKwi‡Z wd‡i hvIqvi wm×vš— †bb| †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q G Z_vKw_Z kn‡ii mf¨ gvbyl‡`i PvB‡Z e‡b emevmKvix‡`i AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ g‡b nq| G M‡íi †fZi w`‡q mv¤úª`vwqK ‡f`eyw×i wei“‡× †jL‡Ki Zxeª N„Yv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| †jLK †KvbwU‡K †MŠbKg© g‡b K‡ib ? K. M. K. M. †KvU civ ‡eZb kn‡i Rxeb e‡bi Rxeb L. N. L. N. LvIqv Awd‡m hvIqv AÜKvi Ae¯’v Av‡jvwKZ Ae¯’v

2| ÔAuvavi †Q‡o Av‡jv‡KÕ GLv‡b †KvbwU‡K Auvavi ejv n‡q‡Q ?

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : eb¨ †k‡l Zxeª Lv`¨msKU †`Lv †`q| G mgq wegvb G‡m iv¯—vfwZ© Lvevi †d‡j w`‡j gvbyl, cï, cvwL mevB ¶zav c~iY K‡ib| wKQzw`b ci AveviI wegvb Av‡m| Po~B `¤úwZ Zv †`‡L fxlY Lywk| GK mgq wegvb †_‡K †djv †evgvi AvNv‡Z gviv hvq gvbyl, cï, cvwL| aŸsm nq MvQcvjv| GLb H Po~B‡qi K‡É †kvbv hvq wQ ! wQ !! wQ !!! 3| DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv †h w`KwU ÔebgvbylÕ M‡íi we‡kl w`K‡K Bw½Z K‡i, Zv n‡jv Ñ AvaywbKZv i. ii. †bwZevPK g‡bvfve iii. mf¨Zvi gy‡Lvk

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113

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L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

4| Po~B‡qi Abyf~wZi mv‡_ †jL‡Ki GKvZ¥Zv cÖKv‡k †Kvb e³e¨wU h_v_© ? K. L. M. N. AbyKiY I Abymi‡Yi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †ek Dc‡fv‡Mi| mvR-†cvkvKB Avgv‡`i mf¨Zvi gvcKvwV| ARvbv-A‡Pbvq G iKg †KvjvKzwj eo `yj©f| Avwg e‡b wM‡q Avevi ebgvbyl ne|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : MÖx‡®§i QzwU‡Z gwbi Zvi gvgvi evwo KjKvZvq †eov‡Z †Mj| wKš‘ K‡qKw`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB gvgvevwo Zvi Kv‡Q Amn¨ n‡q DVj| gvgv, gvgx, gvgv‡Zv fvB-‡evbiv Zvi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e K_v ejZ bv| gvgx Zvi Øviv A‡bK KvR Kwi‡q †bqv ïi“ Kij| gvgvevwoi e× †`qvj Zvi Kv‡Q †RjLvbv g‡b nj| Zvi evievi g‡b co‡Z jvMj †d‡j Avmv MÖv‡gi weivU meyR gvV, b`x, eÜz-evÜe, AvcbR‡bi †Pnviv| K. L. M. N. ag©N‡Ui Rb¨ Kx eÜ n‡qwQj ? K_K e‡b wM‡q Avevi ebgvbyl n‡Z Pvq †Kb ? DÏxc‡Ki †h fvewU ÔebgvbylÕ M‡í cvIqv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxc‡Ki gwb †hb ÔebgvbylÕ M‡íi K_‡KiB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Q Ñ Dw³wU hyw³mn eywS‡q †jL|

114

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

GKvË‡ii w`b¸wj
Rvnvbviv Bgvg
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : Rvnvbviv Bgvg 1923 mv‡ji 3iv †g gywk©`vev‡`i my›`icyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg ˆmq`v Avãyj Avjx| wZwb wWcywU g¨vwR‡÷ªU wQ‡jb| Rvnvbviv Bgvg 1947 mv‡j KjKvZvi †jwW †eª‡evY© K‡jR †_‡K we.G. cvk K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb XvKvi wm‡×k¦ix Mvjm© ¯‹z‡j cÖavb wk¶‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| G mgq wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K we.GW I evsjvq Gg.G wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib Ges XvKv wUPvm© †Uªwbs K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbv Ki‡b| 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡× Zuvi cÖ_g mš—vb iygx †hvM`vb K‡ib| iygx I Zuvi mn‡hv×v‡`i wewfbœ Acv‡ik‡b Rvnvbviv Bgvg mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| GQvov gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvkÖq, Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb, Mvwo‡Z A¯¿ Avbv-‡bIqv Ges Zv hy×‡¶‡Î †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv, Lei Av`vb-cÖ`vb- BZ¨Kvi Kg©Kv‡Ê wZwb me©vš—Ki‡Y AskMÖnY K‡ib| hy‡×i †klw`‡K i~gx kwn` nb| Rvnvbviv Bgvg nb Avgv‡`i kwn` Rbbx| gyw³hy‡×i Dci ¯§„wZPviYg~jK Zuvi AmvaviY GB ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕ me©Î mgv`„Z| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’¸‡jv n‡jv : MRK”Qc, mvZwU Zvivi wSwKwgwK, K¨vÝv‡ii m‡½ emevm, cÖev‡mi w`b¸wj BZ¨vw`| mvwnZ¨K‡g© Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| GKvË‡ii NvZK, `vjvj, ivRvKvi, Avje`i, Avjmg&&k‡`i kvw¯—i `vwe‡Z wZwb Avg„Zz¨ msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| 1994 mv‡ji 26 †k Ryb GB gnxqmx bvix ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|]

13B GwcÖj : g½jevi 1971
Pviw`b a‡i e„wó| kwbevi iv‡Z wK gyljav‡iB †h n‡jv, †iveevi †Zv mviv w`bfi GKUvbv| MZKvj mKv‡ji ci e„wó _vg‡jI mviv w`b AvKvk †gNjv wQj| gv‡S gv‡S †iv` †`Lv †M‡Q| gv‡S gv‡S GK ckjv e„wó| Rvgx Qov KvUwQj, Ô†iv` nq e„wó nq, Lu¨vK-wkqvwji we‡q nq|Õ wKš‘ Avgvi g‡b cvlvYfvi| GLb mÜ¨vi ci e„wó †bB, NbNb †gN WvK‡Q Avi we`y¨r PgKv‡”Q| emvi N‡i e‡m Rvbvjv w`‡q ZvwK‡q fvewQjvg, Avgvi Rxe‡bI GZw`‡b mwZ¨ mwZ¨ `y‡h©v‡Mi †gN Nb n‡q Avm‡Q| GB iKg mg‡q Kwig G‡m XyKj N‡i, mvg‡b †mvdvq e‡m ejj, dzdyRvb G cvovi A‡b‡KB P‡j hv‡”Q evwo †Q‡o| Avcbviv †Kv_vI hv‡eb bv ?Õ Ô†Kv_vq hve ? AÜ, ey‡ov k¦ïi‡K wb‡q †Kgb K‡i hve ? wKš‘ G cvov †Q‡o †jv‡K hv‡”Q †Kb ? GLv‡b †Zv †Kv‡bv fq †bB !Õ Ô†bB, gv‡b ? †cQ‡b GZ Kv‡Q wek¦we`¨vj‡qi nj¸‡jvÑÕ Ônj †Zv me Lvwj, weivb, hv nevi Zv‡Zv cÖ_g `yw`‡bB n‡q †M‡Q| Rv‡bv evey‡`i evwo‡Z Zvi gvgvi evwoi mevB G‡m D‡V‡Q kvwš—bMi †_‡K ?Õ ÔZvB bvwK ? Avgiv †Zv fvewQjvg kvwš—bM‡i Avgvi `yjvfvB‡qi evmvq hve|Õ ÔZvn‡jB †`LÑfqUv Avm‡j g‡b| kvwš—bM‡ii gvbyl Gwjd¨v›U †iv‡W Avm‡Q wgwjUvwii nvZ †_‡K cvjv‡Z, Avevi Zzwg Gwjd¨v›U †ivW †_‡K kvwš—bM‡iB †h‡Z Pv”Q wbivcËvi Kvi‡Y|Õ hyw³Uv ey‡S Kwig gv_v bvoj, ÔLye `vwg K_v e‡j‡Qb dzdzRvb| Avm‡j hv Kcv‡j Av‡Q Zv n‡eB| bB‡j `¨v‡Lb bv, XvKvi gvbyl Lv‡gvKv wRwÄivq †Mj ¸wj †L‡q gi‡Z| Av‡iv GKUv K_v ï‡b‡Qb dzdzRvb ? b`x‡Z bvwK cÖPzi jvk †f‡m hv‡”Q| †cQ‡b nvZ euvav, ¸wj‡Z giv jvk|Õ

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

115

wkD‡i D‡V ejjvg, Ô†ivRB ïbwQ Kwig| †hLv‡bB hvB GQvov Avi K_v †bB| K‡qKw`b Av‡M ïbjvg UªvKfwZ© K‡i Zz‡j wb‡q hv‡”Q nvZ Avi †PvL †eu‡a, K‡Zv †jv‡K †`‡L‡Q| GLb ïbwQ m`iNvU, †mvqvixNv‡U bvwK `uvov‡bv hvq bv cPv jv‡ki `yM©‡Ü| gvQ LvIqvB ev` w`‡qwQ GR‡b¨|Õ

10†k †g : †mvgevi 1971
†ek wKQzw`b evMv‡bi w`‡K bRi †`Iqv nq wb| AvR mKv‡j bvkZv Lvevi ci ZvB evMv‡b †Mjvg| evMv‡b †ek KUv nvB-weªW wU-†iv‡Ri MvQ Av‡Q| GB ai‡bi †Mvjvc Mv‡Qi Lye †ewk hZœ Ki‡Z nqÑhv MZ `ygv‡m nqwb| Lyiwc nv‡Z Kv‡R jvMvi Av‡M MvQ¸‡jvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`Ljvg| gvL‡bi g‡Zv i‡Oi ÔwcmÕ A_©vr Ôkvwš—Õ| Kvj‡P-†gi“i Ôewb wcÖÝÕ Avi ÔGbv nvK©‡bm| wd‡K I Mvp †e¸wb i‡Oi Ôwm‡gvbÕ Avi Ôj¨v‡fÛvi|Õ njy` ÔeyKvwbqviÕ, mv`v Ôcvm&KvwjÕ| ewb wcÖÝ-Gi Ava‡dvUv KwjwU GL‡bv Avgvi †eW-mvBW †Uwe‡j Kvwj`vwb‡Z i‡q‡Q| Kwj Aek¨ Avi †bB, dz‡U †M‡Q Ges cÖvq S‡i covi Ae¯’v| ÔwcmÕ-Gi MvQUvq GKUv Kwj †Kej G‡m‡QÑhw`I mviv‡`k †_‡K ÔwcmÕ DavI| evMvb Kiv GKUv †bkv| G †bkvq `ytL-Kó LvwbK¶Y fy‡j _vKv hvq| MZ K‡qK gvm a‡i †bkvUvi K_v fveeviB AeKvk cvB wb| GLb fqvbK wew¶ß gb‡K e¨¯— ivLvi Mi‡RB †eva Kwi †bkvUvi K_v Avgvi g‡b c‡o‡Q|

12B †g : eyaevi 1971
Rvgxi ¯‹zj Ly‡j‡Q w`b `yB n‡jv| miKvi GLb ¯‹zj-K‡jR †Rvi K‡i †Lvjvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Q| GK Zvwi‡L cÖvBgvwi ¯‹zj †Lvjvi ûKzg n‡q‡Q, bq Zvwi‡L gva¨wgK ¯‹zj| Rvgx ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q bv| hv‡e bv| kixd, Avwg, i“gx, Rvgx-PviR‡b e‡m Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i Av‡MB wVK K‡i †i‡LwQjvg ¯‹zj Lyj‡jI ¯‹z‡j hvIqv n‡e bv| †`k wKQzB ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Pj‡Q bv, †`‡k GLb hy×ve¯’v| †`kevmxi Ici nvbv`vi cvwK¯—vwb Rv‡bvqvi‡`i Pj‡Q wbg©g wb‡®úl‡Yi w÷g‡ivjvi| GB Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv Qv‡Îi DwPZ bq eB-LvZv eM‡j ¯‹z‡j hvIqv| Rvgx Aek¨ evwo‡Z cov‡kvbv Ki‡Q| Gevi I `kg †kªwYi QvÎ| i“gx hZw`b Av‡Q, I‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Zvici kixd Avi Avwg-†h hZUv cvwi| Rvgx Zvi `ywZbRb eÜzi mv‡_ wVK K‡i‡Q Ñ Iiv GKm‡½ e‡m Av‡jvPbv K‡i cov‡kvbv Ki‡e| GUv †ek fv‡jv e¨e¯’v, covI n‡e, mgqUvI fv‡jv KvU‡e| Aei“× wbw®ŒqZvq Iiv nuvwc‡q DV‡e bv|

17B †g : †mvgevi 1971
†iwWI-wUwf‡Z weL¨vZ I c`¯’ e¨w³‡`i a‡i wb‡q †cÖvMÖvg Kwi‡qI ÔKZ©v‡`iÕ †Zgb myweav n‡”Q bv †eva nq ! ZvB GLb eyw×Rxex I wkíx‡`i a‡i a‡i Zv‡`i w`‡q Le‡ii KvM‡R wee„wZ †`Iqv‡bvi K~U‡KŠkj ïi“ n‡q‡Q| AvR‡Ki KvM‡R 55 Rb eyw×Rxex I wkíxi bvg w`‡q GK wee„wZ †ewi‡q‡Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †Kv‡bv wUPvi, †iwWI-wUwfi †Kv‡bv Kg©KZ©v I wkíxi bvg ev` †M‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡”Q bv| Gu‡`i g‡a¨ †KD †KD mvb‡›` Ges mvMÖ‡n mB w`‡jI †ewkifvM eyw×Rxex I wkíx †h †eq‡b‡Ui gy‡L mB w`‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z Avgvi †Kvb m‡›`n †bB| Avi †h wee„wZ Zv‡`i bv‡g †ewi‡q‡Q, †mUv †h Zuviv A‡b‡K bv †`‡LB mB Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ZI Avgvi m‡›`n †bB| AvR mKv‡ji KvM‡R wee„wZwU cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv c‡o Zuviv wbÊq ¯—w¤¢Z n‡q e‡m iB‡eb LvwbK¶Y ! Ges

116

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

ej‡eb, aiYx wØav nI ! GiKg wbj©¾ wg_¨vfvl‡Y fiv wee„wZ ¯^qs †Mv‡qejmI wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb wKbv m‡›`n| GB c~e© evsjvi †Kvb cÖwZfvai wee„wZwU ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb, Rvb‡Z eo B‡”Q n‡”Q|

25B †g : g½jevi 1971
AvR we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi Rb¥Rqš—x| †ek kvb-kIK‡Zi m‡½ cvwjZ n‡”Q XvKvq| GgbwK BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb ch©š— GKUv Abyôvb Ki‡Q| mÜ¨vi ci wUwfi mvg‡b e‡mwQjvg, Rvgx wmuwoi gv_v †_‡K gyL evwo‡q WvKj, Ôgv wkMwMi Gm| bZzb †cÖvMÖvg|Õ †`Š‡o Ic‡i †Mjvg, ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡i evsjv msev` cvV Ki‡Q bZzb GK KÉ¯^i| LvwbK †kvbvi ci †Pbv †Pbv †VKj wKš‘ wVK wP‡b DV‡Z cvijvg bv| mv‡jn Avng` bvgUv Av‡M KL‡bv ïwb wb| i“gx ejj, ÔwbÊq QÙbvg|Õ ejjvg, Ôn‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e XvKviB †jvK G| GB XvKv‡ZB GB Mjv ï‡bwQ| nq bvUK, bq Ave„wË|Õ GBme M‡elYv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z evsjv msev` cvV †kl| AvR‡Ki †cÖvMÖv‡gI †ek bZzbZ¡| KÉ¯^iI meB bZzb ïbwQ| GKRb GKUv Kw_Kv co‡jbÑPigcÎ| †ek gRv jvMj ïb‡Z, ï× fvlvq ej‡Z ej‡Z nVvr †k‡li w`‡K G‡°ev‡i LuvwU XvKvBqv fvlv‡Z `y‡Uv jvBb e‡j †kl Ki‡jb| A™¢yZ †Zv| wKš‘ GLv‡b AvjwU‡gUv‡gi g‡Zv wKQz †Zv †evSv †Mj bv| kixd ejj, ÔH †h ejj bv GKevi hLb G †`‡ki Kv`vq cv Wywe‡qQ, Avi i‡¶ †bB| MvRywiqv gvB‡ii †Pv‡U g‡i Kv`vi g‡a¨ ï‡q _vK‡Z n‡e, GUv AvjwU‡gUvg|Õ ÔwK Rvwb|Õ Rvgx Rvb‡Z PvBj, ÔMvRywiqv gvBi wK wRwbm ?Õ i“gx ejj, ÔRvwb bv| Avgvi XvKvBqv eÜz KvD‡K wR‡M¨m K‡i †be|Õ H †h gyw³‡dŠ‡Ri †Mwijv ZrciZvi K_v ejj Ñ XvKvi QÕRvqMvq †MÖ‡bW †d‡U‡Q, Avgiv †Zv mvZ AvUw`b Av‡M G iKg †evgv dvUvi K_v ï‡bwQjvg, wKš‘ wVK wek¦vm Kwi wb| e¨vcviUv Zvn‡j mwZ¨ ? Avgvi mviv kix‡i KuvUv w`‡q DVj| e¨vcviUv Zvn‡j mwZ¨ ! mwZ¨ mwZ¨ Zvn‡j XvKvi Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P gyw³‡dŠ‡Ri †Mwijviv cÖwZNv‡Zi †QvU †QvU ùzwj½ R¡vjv‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q ? GZw`b RvbwQjvg eW©vi‡Nulv AÂj¸‡jv‡ZB †Mwijv ZrciZv| GLb Zvn‡j †Lv` XvKv‡ZI ? gyw³‡dŠR ! K_vUv GZ fvwi †h GB iKg AZ¨vPvix ˆmb¨ w`‡q †Niv Aei“× XvKv kn‡i e‡m gyw³‡dŠR kãUv ïb‡jI †Kgb †hb Awek¦vm¨ g‡b nq| Avevi H Awek¦v‡mi †fZi †_‡K GKUv Avkv, GKUv fimvi fve ax‡i ax‡i g‡bi †Kv‡Y †R‡M DV‡Z _v‡K|

5B †m‡Þ¤^i : iweevi 1971
GKUv KwVb wel‡q wm×vš— †bevi e¨vcv‡i MZ `yw`b †_‡K kixd Avi Avwg Lye wØavØ‡›Ø fyMwQ| i“gx‡K wK K‡i †ei K‡i Avbv hvq, Zv wb‡q kix‡di eÜzevÜe bvbviKg wPš—vfvebv Ki‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ euvKv Avi dwK‡ii gZ n‡jv : †h †Kvb cÖKv‡i i“gx‡K D×v‡ii †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| euvKv Avi dwKi g‡b Ki‡Q Ñ kixd‡K w`‡q i“gxi cÖvYwf¶v †P‡q GKUv gvwm© wcwUkb Kwi‡q Z`wei Ki‡j i“gx nq‡Zv Qvov †c‡q †h‡ZI cv‡i|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

117

i“gxi †kv‡K Avwg cÖ_g †Pv‡U ÔZvB Kiv †nvKÕ e‡jwQjvg| wKš‘ kixd ivwR n‡Z cvi‡Q bv| †h mvgwiK Rvš—vi wei“‡× i“gx gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Q, †mB miKv‡ii Kv‡Q gvwm© wcwUkb Ki‡j i“gx †mUv †gv‡UI cQ›` Ki‡e bv Ges i“gx Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bvw`bI ¶gv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| euvKv I dwKi A‡bKfv‡e kixd‡K eywS‡q‡Q Ñ †Q‡ji cÖvYUv Av‡M| i“gxi g‡Zv Ggb AmvaviY †gavex †Q‡ji cÖvY euvP‡j †`‡kiI g½j| wKš‘ kixd Zey gZ w`‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Lybx miKv‡ii Kv‡Q i“gxi cÖvYwf¶v †P‡q `qvwf¶v Kiv gv‡bB i“gxi Av`k©‡K Acgvb Kiv, i“gxi DuPz gv_v †nuU Kiv| MZ `yivZ kixd Ny‡gvq wb, Avwg GKevi e‡jwQ, Ô†Zvgvi K_vB wVK| H Lybx miKv‡ii Kv‡Q gvwm© wcwUkb Kiv hvq bv|Õ Avevi LvwbK c‡i †Ku‡` AvKzj n‡q e‡jwQ, Ôbv, gvwm© wcwUkb Ki|Õ GBfv‡e wØavØ‡›Ø †K‡U‡Q `yw`b `yivZ| †kl ch©š— kixd wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q Ñ bv, gvwm© wcwUkb †m Ki‡e bv| †Pv‡Li R‡j fvm‡Z fvm‡Z AvwgI kix‡di gZ‡K mg_©b K‡iwQ| i“gx‡K Ab¨fv‡e †ei K‡i Avbvi hZiKg †Póv Av‡Q, me Kiv n‡e; wKš‘ gvwm© wcwUkb K‡i bq|

11B A‡±vei : †mvgevi 1971 kixd ejj, Ô†mB †h gvm Lv‡bK Av‡M KvM‡R c‡owQjvg d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U gwZqyi ingv‡bi K_v, Zvi m¤^‡Ü AvR ï‡b Gjvg|Õ ÔKx ï‡b G‡j ? †Kv_vq ïb‡j ?Õ ÔWvt ivweŸi Kv‡Q| ivweŸ Ñ Rv‡bv‡Zv, Avgv‡`i myRvi fv‡¯—|Õ kix‡di GK BwÄwbqvi eÜz myRv mv‡ne, Zuvi fv‡¯— Wvt dR‡j ivweŸ| kixd ejj, ÔAvR dwK‡ii Awd‡m †MwQjvg, ILv‡b ivweŸi m‡½ †`Lv| Ii gy‡LB ïbjvg gwZqyi ingv‡bi d¨vwgwj 29 †m‡Þ¤^i KivwP †_‡K XvKv G‡m‡Q| gwZqyi ingv‡bi k¦ïi ¸jkv‡bi GK evwo‡Z _v‡Kb| †mBLv‡b 30 Zvwi‡L gwZqy‡ii Pwj−kv n‡q‡Q| ivweŸ wM‡qwQj Pwj−kvq| wg‡mm gwZqyi bvwK evsjv wefv‡Mi gwbi“¾vgv‡bi kvjx|Õ ÔAvgv‡`i m¨vi gwbi“¾vgv‡bi ? Zvi gv‡b Wwji †evb ? `uvovI, `uvovI Ñ GB †evb‡K †Zv †`‡LwQ Wwj‡`i evmvq Ñ wgwj Gi bvg|Õ Wwji K_v g‡b c‡o gbUv Lvic n‡q †Mj| Wwj, gwbi“¾vgvb m¨vi, I‡`i †Kv‡bv †LuvRB Rvwb bv| `y‡Uv ev”Pv wb‡q †Kv_vq †h †f‡m †f‡m †eov‡”Q Ñ †K Rv‡b| Icv‡iI hvq wb, †M‡j †eZv‡i wbÊq Mjv ïb‡Z †cZvg| ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡i eû cwiwPZR‡bi Mjv ïwb, Zviv QÙbvg e¨envi K‡i, wKš‘ Mjv ï‡b wPb‡Z cvwi| cÖ_g †hw`b ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡i mv‡jn Avng‡`i K‡É Lei ïwb, Lye †Pbv†Pbv †j‡MwQj, `y GKw`b c‡iB wP‡bwQjvg Ñ †m KÉ nvmvb Bgv‡gi| Bs‡iwR Lei I fvl¨ cÖPvi K‡i hviv, †mB Avey †gvnv¤§` Avjx I Avn‡g` †PŠayix n‡jv Avjx hv‡Ki Avi AvjgMxi Kwei| MvqK‡`i Mjv †Zv mn‡RB †Pbv hvq-i_x›`ªbv_ ivq, Ave`yj ReŸvi, AwRZ ivq, B›`ª‡gvnb ivReskx, nijvj ivq| Kw_Kvq ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb, Kvgi“j nvmvb, d‡qR Avng` cÖvq mK‡jiB Mjv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvwi| bvU‡K ivRy Avn‡g`, gvayix P‡Ævcva¨vq Ñ G‡`i mevi MjvB GK jngvq ey‡S hvB|

16 wW‡m¤^i : e„n¯úwZevi 1971
AvR mKvj bUv ch©š— †h AvKvkhy× weiwZi K_v wQj, †mUv we‡K‡j wZb‡U ch©š— evov‡bv n‡q‡Q| `ycyi †_‡K mviv kn‡i fxlY PvÂj¨ I D‡ËRbv| cvwK¯—vwb Avwg© bvwK mv‡iÛvi Ki‡e we‡K‡j| mKvj †_‡K Kwjg, û`v, jyjy hvivB G‡jv mevi gy‡LB GK K_v| `‡j `‡j †jvK Rq evsjv aŸwb Zz‡j iv¯—vq †ewi‡q c‡o‡Q KviwdD D‡c¶v K‡i| cvwK¯—vwb †mbviv, wenvwiiv mevB bvwK cvjv‡”Q| cvjv‡Z

118

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

cvjv‡Z c‡_Nv‡U G‡jvcv_vwo ¸wj K‡i eû evOvwj‡K Lyb-RLg K‡i hv‡”Q| gÄyi G‡jb Zuvi `yB †g‡q‡K wb‡q, Mvwoi †fZ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv wewQ‡q| wZwbI H GK K_vB ej‡jb| ev`kv G‡m ejj, Gwjd¨v›U †iv‡Wi AvwRR †gvUi‡mi gwjK Lvb Rx‡c K‡i cvjvevi mgq †ec‡ivqv ¸wj Pvwj‡q iv¯—vi eû †jvK RLg K‡i‡Q| gÄyi hvevi mgq cvZvKvUv Avgv‡K w`‡q †M‡jb| ej‡jb, ÔAvR hw` mv‡iÛvi nq, Kvj mKv‡j G‡m cvZvKvUv Zzje|Õ AvR kix‡di KzjLvwb| Avgvi evmvq huviv Av‡Qb, ZuvivB mKvj †_‡K †`vqv `i“` Kzj co‡Qb| cvovi mevB‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ev` gvM‡ie wgjv‡` Avm‡Z| G.†K.Lvb, mvby, gÄy, LyKz mevB we‡Kj †_‡KB G‡m Kzj co‡Q| †Rbv‡ij wbqvRx beŸB nvRvi cvwK¯—vwb ˆmb¨ wb‡q AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i‡Q AvR we‡Kj wZb‡Ui mgq| hy× Zvn‡j †kl ? Zvn‡j Avi Kv‡`i Rb¨ me im` Rwg‡q ivLe ? Avwg †M÷i“‡gi Zvjv Ly‡j Pvj, wPwb, wN, Mig gmjv †ei Kijvg KzjLvwbi R`©v euvaevi Rb¨| gv, jvjy, Ab¨vb¨ evwoi M„wnYxiv mevB wg‡j R`©v iuva‡Z em‡jb| iv‡Zi ivbœvi Rb¨I Pvj, Wvj, Avjy, †cuqvR BZ¨vw` GLvb †_‡KB w`jvg| AvMvgxKvj mKv‡ji bvkZvi Rb¨I gq`v, wN, mywR, wPwb, Mig gmjv GLvb †_‡KB †ei K‡i ivLjvg| kãv_© I UxKv : Rvgx Ñ †jwLKvi †QvU †Q‡j; weivb Ñ Rbgvbenxb, cwiZ¨³, duvKv; Lyiwc Ñ gvwU †Luvovi Rb¨ e¨en„Z GKcÖKvi †QvU Lš—; kixd Ñ †jwLKvi ¯^vgx, iygx Ñ Rvgxi evev; Aeiy× wbw®ŒqZv Ñ iy× ev AvUK Ae¯’vq Kg©nxb; K~U‡KŠkj Ñ PZziZv, `ye©yw×; †eq‡bU Ñ e›`y‡Ki mw½b, GLv‡b e›`y‡Ki AMÖfv‡M jvMv‡bv GKcÖKvi welv³ I avivj †Qviv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; ¯—w¤¢Z Ñ nZevK, wew¯§Z; †Mv‡qejm (1897-1945) Ñ Rvg©vwb esk™¢~Z wnUjv‡ii mn‡hvMx, ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖwZwnsmv I wg_¨v iUbvi cÖeZ©b; Kw_Kv Ñ wbw`©ó I ¶z`ª cwim‡i eY©bvZ¥K iPbv; PigcÎ Ñ g„Zz¨i c~e©mg‡q wjwLZ Dc‡`k, †klev‡ii g‡Zv mZK© K‡i †`Iqvi Rb¨ †cÖwiZ cÎ, 1971 mv‡ji gyw&KZhy‡× gyw³‡hv×v I †`kevmx‡K Aby‡cÖiYv †`Iqvi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbevsjv †eZvi‡K›`ª †_‡K nvbv`vi evwnbxi AcK…wZ I gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mvdj¨ wb‡q nvm¨imvZ¥K Kw_Kv cÖPvwiZ n‡Zv| GB Kw_Kv¸‡jv PigcÎ bv‡g L¨vZ; AvjwU‡gUvg Ñ mgq wba©viY; MvRywiqv gvBi Ñ MRvwi Kv‡Vi g‡Zv k³ I fvix Kv‡Vi jvwV w`‡q gvi †`Iqv; gvwm© wcwUkb Ñ kvw¯— †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †P‡q Av‡e`b; jngvq Ñ gyn~‡Z©| cvV cwiwPwZ : Rvnvbviv Bgvg iwPZ GKvË‡ii w`b¸wj kxl©K w`bcwÄi AvvK‡i iwPZ gyw³hy× wb‡q ¯§„wZPviYg~jK iPbv †_‡K cvV¨fz³ AskUzKz M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| kwn` Rbbx Rvnvbviv Bgvg gyw³hy‡× Zuvi mš—vb i“gx‡K nvwi‡q‡Qb| GB iPbvq Mfxi †e`bvi m‡½ Avfv‡m-Bw½‡Z wZwb Zuvi ü`‡qi i³¶i‡Yi hš¿Yv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| cwÊg cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi AZwK©Z nvgjvq cÖ_‡gB XvKvi bMi-Rxeb wek„•Ljv n‡q c‡owQj| wkï-wK‡kviiv ¯‹z‡j hv‡e bv| wKš‘ nvbv`vi evwnbx †Rvi K‡i ¯‹zj-K‡jR †Lvjv ivL‡e; weL¨vZ e¨w³‡`i wb‡q †Rvi K‡i †iwWI-wUwf‡Z wee„wZ cÖ`vb Kiv‡e; Avi nZ¨v-jyÉbAwMœ ms‡hvM †Zv Av‡QbÑGB wQj †mB `ytmg‡q XvKvi Ae¯’v| †mB `ywe©mn Ae¯’vi gg©`š— weeiY cvIqvi GB ¯§„wZPvi‡Y| we‡kl K‡i Mf©RvZ mš—vb i“gx‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ nvbv`vi evwnbxi Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv ¶gv cÖv_©bv bv K‡i †h AvZ¥gh©v`v I ¯^vaxKvi †PZbvi cwiPq †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Zv ZzjbviwnZ|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

119

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| gyw³hy‡×i mgq †g gv‡mi †Kvb Zvwi‡L gva¨wgK ¯‹zj †Lvjvi K_v ejv n‡qwQj ? K. AvU ZvwiL L. bq ZvwiL M. `k ZvwiL N. GMv‡iv ZvwiL 2| Ôwbj©¾ wg_¨vfvl‡Y fiv wee„wZÕ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? K. wee„wZ †`Iqv‡bvi KzU‡KŠkj L. †eqb‡Ui gy‡L †`Iqv wee„wZ M. †Mv‡qejm Gi gZ wee„wZ N. eyw×Rxex I wkíxi †`Iqv wee„wZ DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jv DËi `vI : ûgvqyb Avn‡g‡`i ÔAv¸‡bi cikgwbÕ Dcb¨v‡m ew` gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi| ew` XvKv‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ †Mwijv evwnbx‡K msMwVZ K‡i| †`k wech©¯— e‡j mvaviY cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv cwievi‡K Rvwb‡q wKsev bv Rvwb‡q gyw³hy‡× hvq| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖZ¨vkv Ges Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii cÖZ¨vkv wQj †`k †hb ZvovZvwo kÎ“gy³ nq| 3| DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi †Kvb w`KwU‡K D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i‡Q ? i i“wgi hy‡× hvIqv ii i“wgi evevi DrKÉv iii i“wgi gv‡qi DrKÉv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. iii 4| DÏxc‡Ki AbyfewU ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi †Kvb D×…wZi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©| K. i“wg‡K Ab¨fv‡e †ei K‡i Avbvi †Póv Kiv n‡e; wKš‘ gvwm© wcwUkb K‡i bq| L. †h †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡i i“wg‡K D×v‡ii †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| M. Lybx miKv‡ii Kv‡Q i“wgi cÖvY wf¶v †P‡q `qv wf¶v Kiv gv‡bB i“wgi Av`k©‡K Acgvb Kiv| N. i“wgi g‡Zv Ggb AmvaviY †gavex †Q‡ji cÖvY euvP‡j †`‡kiI g½j| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª gyw³‡hv×v‡`i D¾xweZ Ki‡Z †bc_¨ f~wgKv †i‡LwQj| Zv‡iK gvmy` Ôgyw³i MvbÕ cÖgvY¨wP‡Î †`wL‡q‡Qb wkíxiv wewfbœ gyw³hy‡×i K¨v‡¤ú wM‡q gyw³‡hv×v‡`i D¾xweZ Ki‡Qb| hy× †Kej gyw³‡hv×viv K‡iwb| G hy‡× wkíx, KjvKzkjx I kã ˆmwb‡Ki f~wgKvI wQj| K. hy‡×i mgq Rvgx †Kvb †kÖwYi QvÎ wQj ? L. ÔwbqvRxi AvZ¥mgc©Y Avb‡›`i wKš‘ kix‡di KzjLvwb †e`bviÕ †Kb ? eywS‡q †jL| M. DÏxc‡Ki fvebv ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi †Kvb w`K‡K D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i‡Q ? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe ÔGKvË‡ii w`b¸wjÕi mgMÖ Abyfe‡K aviY K‡i wK ? g~j¨vqb Ki|

120

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZv ggZvRD`&&`xb Avng`
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : ggZvR D``xb Avng` 18B Rvbyqvwi 1935 mv‡j cwÊge‡½i gvj`‡n Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Kwjg D``xb Avng` Ges gvZv mwLbv LvZzb| wZwb 1951 mv‡j †fvjvnvU iv‡gk¦ix Bb&B÷wUDkb †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶vq DËxY© nb| c‡i ivRkvnx K‡jR †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK Ges ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjvq we.G (Abvm©) I Gg.G wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb wewfbœ miKvwi K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wKQz mgq wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi bvU¨Kjv I m½xZ wefv‡M LÊKvjxb Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb| wZwb g~jZ bvU¨Kvi I Awf‡bZv wn‡m‡e L¨vwZgvb| evsjv‡`‡ki bvU¨wkí Av‡›`vj‡bi wZwb cy‡ivav cyiyl| Zuvi iwPZ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ bvUK : ¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZv, ivRv Aby¤^v‡ii cvjv, eKzjcy‡ii ¯^vaxbZv, Zvm Nv‡Ui KvbvKwo; M‡elYv I cÖeÜ : evsjv‡`‡ki bvU‡Ki BwZe„Ë, evsjv‡`‡ki w_‡qUv‡ii BwZe„Ë, cÖm½ evsjv‡`k, cÖm½ e½eÜz BZ¨vw`| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyiy¯‹vi, wkï GKv‡Wgx mvwnZ¨ cyiy¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`Kmn AmsL¨ cyiy¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ nb|] PwiÎ cwiwPwZ b~i †gvnv¤§` Ñ `v‡ivMv (eqm 45) `wjjyi ingvb Ñ cywj‡ki wmcvnx (eqm 25) Avãyj ev‡iK gÊj Ñ -H†jvK Ñ (eqm 35) [`„k¨ cwiKíbv : evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †QvU M‡Äi b`xi †dwiNvU| ivZ bqUv| K…òc‡¶i AÜKvi| wUc wUc e„wó n‡”Q] `wjj : GKUv †cv÷v‡ii KvMR GBUvi ey‡K muvUe ? ev‡iK : †QvUevey‡K ewj| m¨vi GKUv †cv÷vi GB wcu‡cUv‡Z jvwM‡q w`B| `wjj : gvwSgvj−v Avi Nv‡Ui ivnx‡`i bR‡i co‡e| b~i : wKQz †`LQ, fv‡jv K‡i `¨vL| e`gv‡qkUvi cv‡qi `vM| KuvPv gvwU‡Z `M`M Ki‡Q| `wjj : †dwiNvU †Zv m¨vi| w`‡biv‡Z k‡q k‡q ivnx cvivcvi Ki‡Q| Avmvwgi cv‡qi Qvc bvI n‡Z cv‡i| b~i : Zzwg GKUv †eKze| Av‡iv `kiKg cv‡qi `vM _vK‡Z Avwg GB GKUv‡KB c‡q›U Kijvg †Kb ? GUv mvaviYfv‡e cv †d‡j nuvUv bq, mveav‡bi m‡½ nuvUv| `¨v‡Lv, GB jvBb a‡i bRi `vI| wK †`LQ ? †KvbUv‡Z mvg‡bi Av½yj †W‡e Av‡Q, Avi †KvbUv‡Z †Mvovwj| Avmvwg †mvRv c‡_ NvU w`‡q bv‡gwb| nvivwgUv Avevi GB c_ w`‡qB Nv‡U Avm‡e| ev‡iK : bvI †Zv wdi‡Z cv‡i m¨vi ! b~i : nu¨v, bvI †Zv wdi‡Z cv‡i, Avevi wdi‡ZI cv‡i| Avgv‡`i KvR n‡jv m‡›`n n‡jB _g‡K `uvovI, KzKz‡ii bvK w`‡q ïu‡K `¨vL hw` †Kvb m~Î cvI| Avgvi m‡›`n nq, KzËvi ev”Pv GBLvb w`‡qB b`xi Icv‡i hv‡e| †h‡Z n‡e| Nv‡U bvgvi gZ Avi wKbvi bvB| Avmvwgi

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: : : : : : :

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122

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b~i : †jvK : b~i †jvK b~i †jvK : : : :

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†jvK : b~i : †jvK b~i †jvK b~i : : : :

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†jvK : b~i †jvK b~i †jvK b~i : : : : :

†jvK : b~i : †jvK : b~i : †jvK : b~i †jvK b~i †jvK b~i : : : : :

(Mvb) Avgvi fvBGi i‡³ ivOv‡bv GKz‡k †deªyqvwi ....... GB Mixeyj−vn, †Zvgvi Mvb eÜ Ki| (Mvb) †Q‡j nviv kZ gv‡qi AkÖy ....... kvjv dwK‡ii ev”Pv, Mvb eÜ Ki| †Zvgvi Mjv wU‡c Mv‡bi †PŠÏ cyiyl‡K RevB Kie Mixeyj−vn| [ b`xi eyK †_‡K GB Mv‡bi my‡i wkm Avm‡Q, b~i †gvnv¤§` Mixeyj−vni Mjv †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q ] †K wkm w`j ? [ Mixeyj−vn b`xi Nv‡U bvg‡Q ] GB kvjv Nv‡U bvwgm bv| Ny‡i `uvov, ¸wj Kie| [ Mixeyj−vn Ny‡i `uvovj ] †K Zzwg ? wVKgZ cwiPq `vI| †K Zzwg ? dwKi Mixeyj−vn gvwjK| kv`yj−v Mv‡q‡bi e¨vUv| SzU| wg_¨v K_v e‡jv bv| Zzwg Ab¨‡jvK| Ab¨ †Kvb&& †jvK ? †K n‡Z cvwi ejyb †Zv| Zzwg ! Avcwb wK †mB †jvKUv, Avmvwg wec−ex| [ †jvKwU ciPzjv, `vwo Avi Uzwc Lyjj ] wgj‡Q| Pvcv gyL, Kv‡jv †PvL, gv_vi Pzj †QvU, j¤^v mv‡o cuvP dzU| `y nvRvi UvKvi cyi¯‹vi| wWwO‡Z Avgvi eÜziv wkl w`‡q‡Q wVK mg‡q| H †h K…òc‡¶i Puv` DV‡Q| GLb Avwg hve `v‡ivMv mv‡ne, †h‡ZB n‡e, Avgv‡`i Riywi ˆeVK Av‡Q| Avcwb hv‡eb ? nu¨v| Avgvi ZKw`i| Avcbvi †Zv hvIqv n‡e bv| Avcwb Avgvi eÜz| †h‡Z w`b| bv, b~i †gvnv¤§` `v‡ivMv †Zvgv‡K Qvo‡e bv| [ †jvKwU wc¯—j †ei K‡i‡Q| b~i †gvnv¤§‡`i nv‡ZI wc¯—j| gy‡LvgywL `uvwo‡q‡Q ] ¯^vaxbZvi Av¸b KL‡bv wb‡f bv| Kv‡Q G‡mv bv Mixeyj−vn| hwÏb euvPe †`‡ki Rb¨ Kuv`e| hviv ¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`i‡K AvwgI fv‡jvevwm| Mixeyj−vn, bv| Avi GwM‡q Gm bv| [ GwM‡q Avm‡Q| b~i †gvnv¤§` wc‡Qv‡”Q : Mvb a‡i‡Q ] b`xi GKzj fv‡O IKzj M‡o GB †Zv b`xi †Ljv †Zvgv‡K Avwg Qvoe bv Mixeyj−vn, wWDwU BR wWDwU| [ cywjk `yÕRb Avm‡Q, Zv‡`i K_v †kvbv hv‡”Q ] Avwg HUvi wcQ‡b e‡m _vKe| †Kb ? cvjve bv| Avn&& ! [ †jvKwU wcu‡cUvi wcQ‡b jyKvj| cywjk `yÕRb G‡m‡Q ]

126

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`wjjyi ingvb, Avãyj ev‡iK gÊj| me KvR †kl K‡iQ ? ev‡iK : fv‡jv K‡i †mu‡U w`‡qwQ m¨vi| b~i : mvevm| wec−ex Avi cvjv‡Z cvi‡e bv| `wjj, n¨vwi‡KbUv wbwf‡q `vI| `wjj : R¡jyK m¨vi| H wcu‡c‡Z †i‡L w`B| b~i : Avn| `iKvi n‡e bv| AvKv‡k Puv` DV‡Q| `wjj : G Puv‡` Av‡jv bvB m¨vi| b~i : GLb bvB, gvSiv‡Z n‡e| _vbvq wd‡i hvI †Zvgiv| ev‡iK : wd‡i hve ? wKš‘ Avmvwg ? b~i : Avwg GKjvB †gvKvwejv Kie| ev‡iK : m¨vi, Avmvwg Lye RuvnvevR| b~i : †nvK| G¨v‡Ubkb, G¨vevDU Uvb©| [ cywjk `yÕRb hvwš¿K wbq‡g P‡j †Mj, n¨vwi‡KbUv R¡j‡Q| †jvKwU D‡V Gj ] †jvK : `v‡ivMv mv‡ne b~i : [n¨vwi‡KbUv Zz‡j wb‡q‡Q] Agb K‡i Kx †`L‡Qb ? †jvK : Avgvi ciPzjv Avi UzwcUv| A‡bK `~i †h‡Z n‡e| b~i : wVKgZ c‡i wbb| [ †jvKwU ciPzjv Avi `vwo jvMv‡”Q ] Lye mveavb| Avcbvi Pviw`‡K `ykgb| c‡` c‡` wec`| †jvK : N‡i N‡i Avgv‡`i eÜz| b~i : Avevi KLb †`Lv n‡e| †jvK : GKw`b mKv‡j, hLb AvKvk Ry‡o cÖKvÊ jvj m~h© DV‡e, A_ev GK ivwÎ‡Z, hLb AvKvk f‡i c~Y© Puv` nvm‡e| [ `yÕR‡b Avš—wiK DòZvq Kig`©b Kij ] b~i : Avmyb| †jvK : nvgvi bvg dwKi Mixeyj−vn| b~i : Zzwg wec−ex †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb, ¯^vaxbZvi ˆmwbK| [†jvKwU b`xi Nv‡U bvg‡Q] [ b`xi eyK †_‡K mw¤§wjZ K‡É Mvb D”PvwiZ n‡”Q Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm b~i †gvnv¤§`, Avãyj ev‡iK bxi‡e `uvwo‡q Av‡Q] kãv_© I UxKv : MÄ Ñ e¨emv evwY‡R¨i ¯’vb, nvU; K…òc¶ Ñ Pv›`ªgv‡mi †h c‡¶ P‡›`ªi ¶q nq; ivnx Ñ c_vPvix, cw_K; bR‡i Ñ `„wó‡Z; †Keye Ñ †eqvKze, †evKv; wfb wKwm‡gi gvj Ñ wfbœ ev Ab¨ iK‡gi gvbyl; †Z‡ji wcu‡c Ñ †Z‡ji Wªvg; Rvjyqv Ñ †R‡j, axei; û°v Ñ Kuvmv wcZj `¯—v ev gvwU A_ev bvi‡Kj †Lv‡j cÖ¯‘Z bwjKvhy³ GK cÖKvi hš¿ hv ZvgvK †L‡Z ev a~gcvb Ki‡Z e¨en„Z nq; aywoevR Ñ dw›`evR, cÖZviK; Unj`vi Ñ †h Unj †`q, cÖnix; byjv Ñ week, weKj; †eû`v Ñ Ab_©K, ev‡R; †ivRwKqvgZ Ñ g„Zz¨i ci cybiyÌv‡bi w`b, †kl wePv‡ii w`b; Lv¯—v Ñ bó, cxwoZ, weK…Z; †ew`kv Ñ w`Kåóv, w`‡knviv; iyû Ñ AvZ¥v, Aš—i; ZKw`i Ñ fvM¨, A`„ó, Kcvj; bvnK Ñ Ah_v,

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

127

LvgLv, Ab_©K; Zvgvg Ñ mgMÖ, mg¯—, mgy`q; Rv‡jg Ñ RyjygKvix, AZ¨vPvix; MRiv‡Z Ñ Av‡µv‡k ev f‡q Pvcv MR„b Kiv; û¾Z Ñ †Mvjgvj, nv½vgv; Rvgvbv Ñ mgq, Kvj, hyM; RuvnvevR Ñ `y`©vš—, `¾vj; G¨v‡Ubkb Ñ mveavb nI; G¨vevDU Uvb© Ñ Ny‡i `vuovI| cvV cwiwPwZ : evsjv GKv‡Wgx †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔkZe‡l©i bvUKÕ bvgK MÖš’ †_‡K Ô¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvÕ bvwUKvwU msKwjZ I m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q| bvU¨Kvi GLv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cywjk m`m¨‡`i gvbweKZv‡eva Ges †`kvZ¡‡eva AZ¨š— cÖvÄj fvlvq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| `v‡ivMv b~i †gvnv¤§` cyi¯‹vi †NvwlZ ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡bi Avmvwg‡K nv‡Zi bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ †c‡qI Zv‡K †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb| A_©cyi¯‹v‡ii †gvn‡K AwZµg K‡i wZwb †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ KvR K‡i hvIqv wec−ex †PZbvi m‡½ GKvZ¥ n‡q †M‡Qb| GKRb `v‡ivMv, `yBRb cywjk m`m¨ Ges GKRb wec−ex‡K wb‡q iwPZ G bvU‡Ki cÖwZwU PwiÎB Avcb gwngvq D¾¡j n‡q D‡V‡Q|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| b~i †gvnv¤§` Kv‡K †eKze e‡jwQ‡jb ? K. M. ev‡iK‡K Mixeyj−vn‡K L. N. `wjj‡K †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb‡K

2| Ô¸wj Kivi ûKzg _vK‡j †`L‡Z KZ jvk evwb‡q w`ZvgÕ cywjk Awdmv‡ii G e³‡e¨ Kx cÖKvk cvq ? K. M. miKv‡ii cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ K‡Vvi kvm‡Ki g‡bvfve L. N. Mfxi †`k‡cÖg `vwqZ¡kxj AvPiY

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ¯^vaxbZv hy× ïi“ n‡j ¯‹zj gv÷vi Mwb wgqv MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i DØy× K‡ib gyw³hy‡× hvIqvi Rb¨| evqv‡bœvi ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q mvaviY RbZv‡K HK¨e× Kivi †Póv K‡ib| QÙ‡e‡k †_‡K wb‡R mgMÖ welq ch©‡e¶Y K‡ib| 3| DÏxc‡Ki Mwb wgqv Ô¯^vaxbZv, Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvÕ bvwUKvi †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv n‡jv Ñ i ii iii

b~i ev‡iK †jvKwUi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. i iii

L. N.

ii i, ii I iii

128

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4| Mwb wgqvi mv‡_ Zvi mv`„‡k¨i KviY Kx ? K. M. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ gv÷vi `v m~h©‡mb e„wUk kvm‡bi wei“‡× i“‡L `uvovb| G †`‡ki MYgvbyl‡K RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z bvbvfv‡e †Póv K‡ib| ZuviB wb‡`©‡k PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvoZwji BD‡ivwcqvb K¬v‡e mdj nvgjvi ci e„wUk kvmK‡`i UbK b‡o| Zv‡K awi‡q †`qvi Rb¨ 10,000/- UvKv cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv K‡i| A‡_©i †jv‡f R‰bK e¨w³ Zvi Ae¯’Ab Rvwb‡q w`‡j wZwb aiv c‡ob| AZci Zuv‡K wbg©kfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq| K. L. M. N. b~i †gvnv¤§` Kv‡K MvRvi“ e‡jwQ‡jb ? ÔAvgv‡`i mew`‡KB wec`Õ ev‡iK †Kb GK_v e‡jwQj ? DÏxc‡Ki m~h©‡m‡bi gv‡S Ô¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvÕ bvwUKvi mv`„k¨c~Y© PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v Ki| ÔcwiYwZ GK bv n‡jI m~h©‡mb I Ô¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvÕ bvwUKvi wec−ex e¨w³ †hb GKm~‡Î Muv_vÕ Ñ hyw³mn cÖgvY Ki| mZZv mvnm L. N. †`k‡cÖg †bZ…Z¡

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Rwni ivqnvb
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : Rwni ivqnvb 1935 mv‡ji 19†k AvM÷ †dbx †Rjvi gRyci Mªv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi y Avmj bvg †gvnv¤§` Rwniyj−vn| 1958 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjvq ¯œvZK (m¤§vb) wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| GKRb †QvUMíKvi I Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡e Rwni ivqnvb L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb g~jZ ga¨weË Rxe‡bi iycKvi| Pvicv‡ki gvby‡li myL-`ytL I Avb›`-†e`bvi wPÎ Zuvi iPbv‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| mgv‡Ri bvbv ˆelg¨ I Am½wZi weiy‡×I Zuvi KÉ wQj ewjô| nvRvi eQi a‡i, eid Mjv b`x, †kl we‡K‡ji †g‡q, Av‡iK dvêyb BZ¨vw` Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm| evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb L¨vwZgvb Pjw”PÎKvi wn‡m‡eI Rwni ivqnv‡bi cwiwPwZ i‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki weRq jv‡fi AíKvj c‡iB 1972 mv‡ji 30†k Rvbyqvwi wZwb wb‡LuvR I kwn` nb|]

Avi wKQz bq, MdiMuv _vBKv cxi mv‡n‡e‡i wbqv Avm †Zvgiv| A‡bK †f‡e wP‡š— ej‡jb iwng m`©vi| ZvB K‡ib ûRyi, ZvB K‡ib! GKev‡K¨ mvq w`j Pvlxiv| MdiMuv †_‡K Rei`¯— cxi g‡bvqvi nvRx‡KB wb‡q Avm‡e Iiv| †`k‡Rvov bvg g‡bvqvi nvRxi| A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv m¤úbœ e¨w³ wZwb| gygl© ~ †ivMx‡KI GK duy‡q fv‡jv K‡i‡Qb Ggb `„óvš—I Av‡Q| ‡mevi KwigM‡Ä hLb Ijvwewe G‡m Ni‡K Ni DRvi K‡i w`w”Qj ZLb GB g‡bvqvi nvRxB i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb MuvUv‡K| mva¨ wK Ijvwewei g‡bvqvi nvRxi duy‡qi mvg‡b `uvovq| w`b `y‡q‡Ki g‡a¨ Zwj−Zj−v ¸wU‡q cvwj‡q †Mj Ijvwewe, `yÕ`k Muv †Q‡o| Ggb ¶gZv iv‡Lb g‡bvqvi nvRx| Muv‡qi †jvK Lywk n‡q ARmª UvKv cqmv Avi ARmª wRwbmcÎ †fU w`‡qwQj Zuv‡K| ‡KD w`‡qwQj evMv‡bi kvK-mâx| †KD w`‡qwQj cyKz‡ii gvQ| †KD †gviM nuvm| Avevi †KD w`‡qwQj bM` UvKv| `y‡ai Mi“I bvwK K‡qKUv †c‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| GZ †fU †c‡qwQ‡jb †h, †m¸‡jv evox wb‡Z bvwK wZb wZbwU Mi“i Mvox †j‡MwQj Zuvi| ‡mB †mŠfvM¨evb cxi g‡bvqvi nvRx! Zuv‡KB Avb‡e e‡j wVK Kij Muv‡qi gvZeŸ‡iiv, Pvlx Avi †¶Z gRyiiv| ej‡j, Puv`v w`gy? wK‡mi jvBMv w`gy? IB †jvKWvi wc‡Q e¨q Kievi jvBMv? gwZ gvóv‡ii K_v `uv‡Z wRf KvU‡jv Rwgi gywÝ| ZIev, ZIev, K‡nb wK gvóvi mve| †Lv`vf³ cxi, Avj−vi Ijx gvbyl| `k Muv‡q hv‡i gv‡b, Zvi bv‡g GZ eo Kzrmv! fvjv KvR Kijv bv gvóvi, fvjv KvR Kijv bv| Nb Nb gv_v bvo‡jb Rwgi e¨vcvix| cx‡ii e` †`vqvq QvB ABqv hvBev! K_v ï‡b mk‡ã †n‡m DVj gwZ gvóvi| wK †h KI PvPv, †Zvgv‡Mv K_v ïb‡j nvwm cvq| nvwm cvB‡ev bv, †jLvcov wkLv †Zv Gnb eo gvbyl ABqv †MQ| gyL †fswP‡q ej‡jb Rwgi e¨vcvix| Puv`v w`‡j w`ev bv w`‡j bvB, GZ evnvËix K_v K¨vb? wKš‘, evnvËix K_v Av‡iv GKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K ïb‡Z nj Zv‡`i| †kvbv‡jv †`ŠjZ KvRxi †gR †Q‡j iwk`| kn‡i †_‡K K‡j‡R c‡o| QzwU‡Z evox‡Z G‡m‡Q †eov‡Z| Puv`v †Zvjvi BwZe„Ë ï‡b †m ejj, cvMj Avi wK, cxi AvBbv eb¨v i“L‡ev! G GKUv K_v AB‡jv? K_v bq nvivgRv`v! Rwgi gywÝ †Kvb Reve †`evi Av‡MB MwR© DV‡jb †`ŠjZ KvRx wb‡R| Avj−vni Iwj, cxi `i‡ek; B”Qv Ki‡j me wKQz Ki‡Z cv‡i| me wKQz Ki‡Z cv‡i Zuviv| GB e‡j b~n bex Avi gnvc−ve‡bi BwZK_vUv †Q‡j‡K ïwb‡q w`‡jb wZwb|

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LeiUv iwng m`©v‡ii Kv‡b †h‡Z †`ix nj bv| `y-`k Muv‡qi gvZeŸi iwng b`©vi| cÂvk we‡N Lvm Avev`x Rwgi gvwjK| GKevi ivL‡j, †m ivM mn‡R c‡o bv Zuvi| Rwgi gywÝi KvQ †_‡K K_vUv ï‡b iv‡M _i_i K‡i †Ku‡c DV‡jb wZwb, Gu¨v! †Lv`vi cx‡ii VvÆv Zvgvmv| Av”Qv, gwZ gvóv‡ii gvóvwi Avwg †`BLv wbgy| †`BLv wbgy gBZ¨v G †Miv‡g †Kgb KBiv _v‡n| AZ¨š— †i‡L †M‡jI G‡Kev‡i nuyk nvivbwb iwng m`©vi| KvRxi †Q‡j iwk‡`i bvgUv AwZ mš—c©‡Y Gwo‡q †M‡jb wZwb| KvRx evwo KzUz¤^ evwo, †eqvB †eqvB m¤úK©, ZvB| cxi mv‡n‡ei b~ivbx myiZ †`‡L Muv‡q †Q‡j ey‡oviv AevK nj| Avnv! Ggb hvi myiZ, ¸YZvi KZ eo, †K Rv‡b! fw³ mnKv‡i cxi mv‡n‡ei cv‡qi a~‡jv wbj mevB| Mixe gvbyl ûRyi! gBiv †Mjvg, euvPvb| ûRy‡ii cv Rwo‡q a‡i û û K‡i †Ku‡` DV‡jb Rwgi e¨vcv‡ix| Rwgi e¨vcvix †evKv bb| †ev‡Sb me| †Lv`vi gb Ujv‡Z n‡j Av‡M c~i mv‡n‡ei gb Mjv‡Z n‡e| cxi mv‡n‡ei gb Mj‡j G nZfvMv‡`i R‡b¨ †Lv`vi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡eb wZwb| Zvic‡iB bv †Lv`v gyL Zz‡j ZvKv‡eb I‡`i w`‡K| cxi mv‡ne G‡m †cuŠQ‡jb mKv‡j| Avi NUv K‡i e„wó bvgj we‡K‡j| e„wó, e„wó Avi e„wó| mvivUv we‡Kj e„wó nj| mviv ivZ Pj‡jv Zvi GKUvbv ScSc SbSb kã| mKv‡jI Zvi weivg †bB| cÖwZ eQi G mg‡q kÖveY gv‡mi ÔWvËiÕ| †KD †KD e‡j ey‡ov eywoi ÔWvËiÕ| GB WvË‡ii Avqy®‹vj c‡bi w`b| GB c‡bi w`b GKUvbv Si e„wó n‡e| †Rv‡i evZvm eB‡e| evZvm hw` †ewk _v‡K Avi Agvem¨v wK cywY©gvi †Rvqv‡ii hw` bvMvj cvq Zvn‡j me©bvk! wbN©vZ eb¨v! Ô†Lv`v, i¶v Ki! i¶v Ki †Lv`v! ing Ki GB Aag¸‡jvi Ici! Kvbœvq †f‡O co‡jb Rwgi e¨vcvix| g‡b g‡b gvbZ Ki‡jb| hw` dmj bó bv nq Zvn‡j nv‡ji Mi“ †Rviv cxi mv‡ne‡K †fU †`‡eb wZwb| M¤¢xi cxi mv‡ne Xz‡j Xz‡j ZQwe c‡ob Avi †Lv`vi gwngv eY©bv K‡ib mevi Kv‡Q| †Lv`vi gwngv eY©bv †kl n‡j cxi mv‡n‡ei gwngv eY©bv cÖm‡½ AmsL¨ AvR¸we NUbvi AeZviYv K‡ib Zuvi mvK‡i`iv| g‡b Avkv Rv‡M Pvlx‡`i| Avb‡›` PK&PK& K‡i I‡V †KvU‡i †XvKv †PvL¸‡jv| fx‡oi gvS †_‡K Mwb †gvj−v wdmwdwm‡q ej‡jb, KB bvB gbvi †cv? GB cxi †hB †mB cxi bq †Lv`vi Lvm cxi! hviv ï‡b‡Q Zviv gv_v †b‡o mvq w`j, nu¨v, K_vUv mwZ¨| Avi hviv †kv‡bwb ZvivI †mB gyû‡Z© wek¦vm Ki‡jv K_vUv| cxi mv‡ne me cv‡ib wZwb| wKš‘, _vgv‡”Qb bv cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a _vgv‡eb ZvB| wKš‘, gwZ gvóvi wek¦vm Ki‡jv bv K_vUv| †n‡m Dwo‡q w`j| ej‡jv, So _vgv‡e IB ey‡ovwU? gš—i c‡o So _vgv‡e? nu¨v, _vgv‡e| AvjeZ _vgv‡e| AvKvk‡f`x ûsKvi Qvo‡jb Mwb †gvj−v| †PvL ivwO‡q d‡Zvqv w`‡jb| GB bvdigvb †e`xb¸‡jv Muv‡q Av‡Q †`BLvB †Zv Muv‡qi GB `yie¯’v| nu¨v, wVK KBQ †gvj−vi †cv| Zuv‡K mg_©b Ki‡jb ey‡ov wZbRx wgTv| GB Kv‡di¸‡jvi Muv _vBKv bv ZvovB‡j Muv‡qi kvwš— bvB| wKš‘ Muv‡qi kvwš— i¶vi PvB‡Z ÒXjÕ †ivLvUvB GLb eo cÖkœ| cÖK…wZ D¤§v` n‡q c‡o‡Q| ¶zä evZvm evievi mveavb Ki‡Q| Xj nB‡ev Xj| cvwb fiv †Pv‡L AvKv‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡Kb wZbRx wgTv| i³ w`‡q †evbv †mvbvi dmj|

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¯^vaxbfv‡e IKvjwZ e¨emv ïi“ K‡ib| msMxZ iPbvi Rb¨ evOvwji ms¯‹…wZRM‡Z wPi¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb| Zuvi fw³MxwZ I †`kvZ¥‡evaK Mvb A`¨vewa RbwcÖq; Ai~ciZb Ñ iex›`ªbv‡_i mvs‡KwZK bvUK; GBP.wR.I‡qj&&m& (1866-1946) : Bs‡iwR Jcb¨vwmK, mvsevw`K I HwZnvwmK, ˆeÁvwbK KíKvwnbxi ¯ªóv Bs‡iwR fvlvq; GKvw¼Kv Ñ GK A‡¼i bvUK‡K ejv nq; GW&&Mvi&& A¨vjvb †cv (1809-49) : Av‡gwiKvi Kwe, MíKvi I mgv‡jvPK; Gwi‡÷vU&j& (wLªóc~e© 384-322 Aã) : wMÖK `vk©wbK, weÁvbx I mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK, `vk©wbK †c−‡Uvi wkl¨ wQ‡jb; KcvjKzÊjv Ñ Ebwesk kZvwãi Ab¨Zg †kÖô Jcb¨vwmK ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi GKwU Dcb¨vm, Dcb¨v‡mi bvgKiY n‡q‡Q bvwqKvi bv‡g; Kvjvcvnvo Ñ GKwU HwZnvwmK PwiÎ| wn›`yag©we‡Ølx GK †mbvcwZ, `ya©l© I wbôzi cÖK…wZi wQ‡jb; wMwikP›`ª †Nvl (1844-1912) : evsjv bvU‡Ki hyMÜi cyi“l| bvU¨iPbvi cvkvcvwk AwfbqI Ki‡Zb| Awf‡bZv wn‡m‡eI Af~Zc~e© mybvg AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb; P›`ª¸ß Ñ cÖvPxb fviZe‡l©i GK weL¨vZ b„cwZ, ivRZ¡Kvj 320 †_‡K 330 wLªóvã, Kwe I bvU¨Kvi wØ‡R›`ªjvj iv‡qi (1863-1913) weL¨vZ bvUK ÔP›`ª¸ßÕ 1911 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq; P›`ª‡kLi Ñ ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi GKwU bvUK; Rbv Ñ †cŠivwYK bvUK; WvKNi Ñ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi iwPZ bvUK; Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (18981971) : AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i weL¨vZ Jcb¨vwmK I MívKvi; wØ‡R›`ªjvj ivq (1863-1913) : Kwe, bvU¨Kvi I msMxZ iPwqZv, Zuvi ÔkvRvnvbÕ I ÔP›`ª¸ßÕ AZ¨š— RbwcÖq bvUK; `xbeÜz wgÎ (1830-73): evsjv bvU¨mvwn‡Z¨i hyM¯ªóv †jLK, Ôbxj`c©YÕ Zuvi me©vwaK L¨vZ bvUK, 1860 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq, Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ Zuvi weL¨vZ cÖnmb; iRbxKvš— †mb (1865-1910) Ñ wmivRM‡Äi fvOvevwo MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ¯^iwPZ Mv‡bi myKÉ MvqK wQ‡jb| Zuvi †`kvZ¥‡evaK Mvb wecyj RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i; i‡gkP›`ª `Ë (1848-1909) Ñ KjKvZvh Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cÖ_g evOvwj Kwgkbv| L¨vZbvgv Jcb¨vwmK| e½we‡RZv, gvaexK¼b, Rxeb-cÖfvZ, Rxeb-mÜ¨v, msmvi, mgvR Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm, ÔivRcyZ RxebmÜ¨vÕ i‡gkP›`ª `Ë iwPZ HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm; ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq (1772-18334) Ñ cwÊge‡½i ûMjx‡Z wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| mgvR-ms¯‹v‡ii, ag©ms¯‹viK I eû fvlvwe` cwÊZ| evsjv M‡`¨i cÖ¯‘wZc‡e©i wkíx| †e`bvMÖš’, †e`vš—mvi, †MŠoxq e¨vKiY Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’; mg‡ik emy (1924-1988) Ñ AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^bvgab¨ Jcb¨vwmK; `„k¨Kve¨ Ñ cÖvPxb AjsKvikv‡¯¿ bvU‡K `„k¨Kve¨ ejv n‡q _v‡K; bKkxKuv_vi gvV Ñ cwj−Kwe Rmxg D`&&`xb iwPZ AvL¨vb Kve¨; bxj`c©Y Ñ `xbeÜz wg‡Îi bvUK, †`‡ki ZrKvjxb kvmbKZ©v weªwUk‡`i ûKz‡g eva¨Zvg~jK bxjPvl Kiv‡bvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i GB bvUK iwPZ n‡qwQj; †cŠivwYK bvUK Ñ fvielx©q cyiv‡Yi †Kv‡bv Kvwnbx Aej¤^‡b iwPZ bvUK; cªdzj− Ñ bvU¨Kvi I Awf‡bZv wMwikP›`ª †Nv‡li †jLv bvUK; cÖnmb Ñ Dcb¨vm bv bvU‡Ki iPbv‰kjx Aej¤^‡b nvm¨imvZ¥K iPbv; c−U Ñ Mí &Dcb¨vm bvU‡Ki Kvwnbx Ask‡K c−U ejv nq; ebdzj Ñ MíKvi I Jcb¨vwmK ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi QÙbvg ev †jLK bvg; e‡›` gvZig Ñ GB `y k‡ãi A_© Rbbx‡K A_©vr gv‡K e›`bv Kwi, ew¼gP›`ª Zuvi ÔAvb›`gVÕ Dcb¨v‡m ¯^iwPZ GB MvbwU hy³ K‡i‡Qb; wewPÎ cÖeÜ Ñ iex›`ªbv_ iwPZ GKwU cÖeÜ msKjbMÖš’; wele„¶ Ñ ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq iwPZ Dcb¨vm; ey×‡`e Ñ †cŠivwYK bvUK; ˆeòe KweZv Ñ cÖvPxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ MxwZKweZv I Mvb; g½jKve¨ Ñ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ga¨hy‡M iwPZ GK ai‡bi Kvwnbx-Kve¨; gnvfviZ Ñ cÖvPxb fviZe‡l© `ywU gnvKv‡e¨i GKwU, Ab¨wU ivgvqY, g~j iPbv ms¯‹…Z fvlvq wjwLZ n‡qwQj, K‡qKkZ ermi c‡i evsjvq Ab~w`Z nq; gnvivóª RxebcÖf…wZ Ñ Dbk kZ‡Ki Jcb¨vwmK i‡gkP›`ª `Ë iwPZ HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm; gvaex K¼Y Ñ i‡gkP›`ª `Ë iwPZ Dcb¨vm; †gNbv`ea Kve¨ Ñ Kwe I bvU¨Kvi gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë (1824-73) iwPZ AvaywbK evsjv gnvKve¨; i³Kiex Ñ iex›`ªbv_ iwPZ mvs‡KwZK bvUK; ivRcyZ

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

145

RxebmÜ¨v Ñ i‡gkP›`ª `Ë iwPZ HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm; ivgcÖmv` †mb (Avby: 1723-81) Kwc I msMxZ iPwqZv, fw³MxwZ iPbvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ, Gui Mvb‡K ÔivgcÖmv`xÕ AvL¨v †`Iqv nq; knx`yj−v Kvqmvi (1927-71) Ñ 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q kwn` nb; kvRvnvb Ñ bvU¨Kvi I Kwe wØ‡R›`ªjvj ivq iwPZ bvUK; k~c©bLv Ñ ivgvqY gnvKv‡e¨i Kvwnbx‡Z j¼vi ivRv ive‡bi †evb; †k·cxqi Ñ Bs‡iwR Kwe I bvU¨Kvi; kÖve¨Kve¨ Ñ †h Kve¨ cov I †kvbvi Rb¨ iwPZ, Gi wecix‡Z i‡q‡Q `„k¨Kve¨; kÖxkP›`ª `vm Ñ ÔmvwnZ¨ m›`k©bÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv, eBwU mvwn‡Z¨ wewfbœ kvLv (‡hgb Mí KweZv Dcb¨vm BZ¨vw`) m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv MÖš’; ms¯‹…Z Aj¼vwiKe„›` Ñ cÖvPxb ms¯‹…Z mvwnZ¨ wel‡q cyi‡bv Avg‡j huviv Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb, eBcÎ wj‡L‡Qb; mxZv Ñ †cŠivwYK PwiÎ, ivgP‡›`ªi ¯¿x, j¼vi ivRv iveY AcniY K‡i wb‡q hvq| Zvi d‡j ive‡Yi wei“‡× ivg hy×hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb| wØ‡R›`ªjvj iv‡qi bvUK ÔmxZvÕ 1908 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq; †mvRbevw`qv NvU Ñ cwj−Kwe Rmxg D`&&`xb iwPZ KvwnbxKve¨; nvmvb AvwRRyj nK Ñ Rb¥ 1939 mv‡j, evsjv‡`‡ki weL¨vZ K_vwkíx| cvV cwiwPwZ : mvwnZ¨ bvbv ai‡bi| A‡bK iKg Dw™¢` wb‡q †hgb evMvb †Zgwb wewfbœ iKg m„wóKg© wb‡q mvwnZ¨| Ômvwn‡Z¨i i~c I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü AwZ ms‡¶‡c wewPÎ mvwnZ¨ixwZi cwiPq Av‡Q| KweZv, bvUK, Mí, Dcb¨vm, cÖeÜ BZ¨vw` wb‡q mvwn‡Z¨i RMr| Avevi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi wKQz kvLv-cÖkvLv Av‡Q| Ômvwn‡Z¨i i~c I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwn‡Z¨i GB me ixwZi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| KweZv, bvUK, †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, cÖeÜ BZ¨vw` Dc-wk‡ivbv‡g †jLK cÖ‡Z¨KwU ixwZi ¯^iƒc PvwiÎ¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| Ôhv †bB fvi‡Z Zv †bB fvi‡ZÕ Ñ gš—e¨wU †KvbwU m¤ú‡K© ? K. M. i ii iii

MxwZKweZv gnvKve¨

L. N.

†QvUMí KvwnbxKve¨

2| ÔcvVK mgv‡R Dcb¨vm mvwnZ¨ eûj cwVZ I RbwcÖq|Õ KviY Dcb¨vm Ñ mnR-mij-cÖvÄj cvVK wb‡R‡K Lyu‡R cvq GLv‡b mgvR-‡`k I RvwZi cÖwZdjb N‡U| i I ii ii I iii

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. i ii iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

3| ÔMícvV †kl K‡iI cvVK Kvwnbxi mgvwß Lyu‡RÕ e³e¨wU aviY K‡i †h cOw³ Ñ NUbvi NbNUv †kl n‡q nBj bv †kl Aš—‡i AZ…wß i‡e

146

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

4| Rxe‡bi c~Y©veqe bq, LÊvsk‡K †jLK im-wbweo K‡i dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb| Rxe‡bi †Kvb GKwU we‡kl gyn~Z© †Kvb we‡kl cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨Ñ¯^ímsL¨K Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g Gi cwiYwZ N‡U| DÏxc‡K mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb kvLvi cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q ? K. M. KweZv Dcb¨vm L. N. †QvUMí bvUK

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : Kvwnbxi Drm †cŠivwYK ev HwZnvwmK †Kvb NUbv, AvqZ‡b wekvj| Kvwnbx wewfbœ m‡M© ev c‡e© wef³ _v‡K, mvaviYZ c‡`¨ iwPZ nq Z‡e M‡`¨I n‡Z cv‡i| Gi bvqK n‡e exi, cÖfvekvjx, Av‡cvlnxb `„p‡PZv| Kvwnbxi DÌvb-cZb _vK‡e| K. L. M. N. mvwn‡Z¨i cÖavb j¶Y †KvbwU ? bvUK‡K `„k¨ Kve¨ I kÖe¨Kve¨ ejv nq †Kb ? DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨ Ômvwn‡Z¨ iƒc I ixwZÕ iPbvi mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb kvLvi ˆewkó¨ we`¨gvb Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| ÔDÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB mvwn‡Z¨i GKgvÎ w`K bq eis Gi kvLv-cÖkvLv we¯—…Z|Õ gš—e¨wU we‡k−lY Ki|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

147

evOjv kã ûgvqyb AvRv`
[†jLK cwiwPwZ : evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó M`¨wkíx, fvlvweÁvbx, Jcb¨vwmK I Kwe ûgvqyb AvR` 1947 wLªóv‡ãi 28 †k GwcÖj gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡ii Aš—M©Z ivwoLvj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| AZ¨š— †gavex ûgvqyb AvRv` `xN©w`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M Aa¨vcbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ n‡jv : Kve¨ ÔA‡jŠwKK Bw÷gviÕ, ÔR¡‡jv wPZvevNÕ, Ôme wKQz bó‡`i AwaKv‡i hv‡eÕ, ÔKvd‡b †gvov AkÖ“we›`y; Dcb¨vm Ñ ÔQvcvbœ nvRvi eM©gvBjÕ, Ôme wKQz †f‡O c‡oÕ, Mí Ñ Ôhv`yK‡ii g„Z¨Õ, z cÖeÜ Ñ Ôwbweo bxwjgvÕ, ÔevOjv fvlvi kÎ“wgÎÕ, ÔevK¨ZË¡Õ, Ôjvj bxj `xcvewjÕ, ÔK‡Zv b`x m‡iveiÕ BZ¨vw`| wZwb evsjv GK‡Wgx cyi¯‹vimn Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Qb| ûgvqyb AvRv` 2004 wLªóv‡ãi 12B AvM÷ g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|] evOjv fvlvi GK iKg kã‡K ejv nq ÔZ™¢e kãÕ| Av‡iK iKg kã‡K ejv ÔZrmg kãÕ| Ges Av‡iK iKg kã‡K ejv nq ÔAa©Zrmg kãÕ| G-wZb iKg kã wg‡j MÕ‡o D‡V‡Q evOjv fvlvi kixi| ÔZrmgÕ, ÔZ™¢eÕ cvwifvwlK kã¸‡jv Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb cÖvK…Z fvlvi e¨vKiY iPwqZviv| Zuviv ÔZrÕ A_©vr ÔZvÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡Zb Ôms¯‹…ZÕ (GLb ewj cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh©) fvlv‡K| Avi ÔfeÕ k‡ãi A_© ÔRvZ, DrcbœÕ| ZvB ÔZ™¢eÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv Ôms¯‹…Z †_‡K Rb¥ †bqvÕ, Avi ÔZrmgÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q Ôms¯‹…‡Zi mgvbÕ A_©vr ms¯‹…Z| evOjv fvlvi k‡ãi kZKiv evqvbœwU kã ÔZrfeÕ I Aa©ZrmgÕ| kZKiv Pzqvwj−kwU ÔZrmgÕ| ZvB evOjv fvlvi kZKiv wQqvbeŸBwUB †gŠwjK ev evOjv kã| cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh©fvlvi wecyj cwigvY kã †ek wbqgKvbyb †g‡b i~c e`jvq ga¨fviZxq Avh©fvlvq A_©vr cÖvK…‡Z| cwiYZ nq cÖvK…Z k‡ã| kã¸‡jv Mv fvwm‡q w`‡qwQ‡jv cwieZ©‡bi †¯ªv‡Z| cÖvK…‡Z Avmvi ci Avevi †ek wbqgKvbyb †g‡b Zviv e`‡j hvq| cwiYZ nq evOjv k‡ã| G¸‡jvB Z™¢e kã| G-cwieZ©‡bi †mªv‡Z fvmv k‡ãB D¾¡j evOjv fvlv| Z‡e Z™¢e kã¸‡jv ms¯‹…Z ev cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh©fvlv †_‡KB ïay Av‡m wb| G‡m‡Q Av‡iv wKQz fvlv †_‡K| Z‡e cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh©fvlv †_‡KB G‡m‡Q †ewk msL¨K kã| ÔPuv`Õ, ÔgvQÕ, ÔG‡qvÕ, Ô`yaÕ ÔeuvwkÕ| G¸‡jv cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh©fvlv †_‡K wbqg †g‡b cÖvK…‡Zi †fZi w`‡q G‡m‡Q evOjvq| ÔPuv`Õ wQ‡jv ms¯‹…‡Z ÔP›`ªÕ, cÖvK…‡Z wQ‡jv ÔP›`Õ| evOjvq ÔPuv`| ÔgvQÕ wQ‡jv ÔgrmÕ ms¯‹…‡Z, cÖvK…‡Z nq Ôg”QÕ| evOjvq ÔgvQÕ| ÔG‡qvÕ wQ‡jv ms¯‹…‡Z ÔAweaevÕ| cÖvK…‡Z nq ÔAwenevÕ| evOjvq ÔG‡qvÕ| Ô`yaÕ wQ‡jv ms¯‹…‡Z Ô`y»Ó; cÖvK…‡Z nq Ô`y×Õ| evOjvq nq Ô`yaÕ| Ôeuvwk wQ‡jv ÔeskxÕ ms¯‹…‡Z| cÖvK…‡Z nq ÔesmxÕ| evOjvq ÔeuvwkÕ| †ek wbqg †g‡b, A‡bK kZK c_ †nu‡U G‡m‡Q G-Zx_©hvÎxiv| Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q wcÖqiv| Av‡iv Av‡Q wKQz Zx_©hvÎx, hviv c_ †nu‡U‡Q Av‡iv †ewk| Zviv Ab¨ fvlvi| Zviv cÖ_‡g Xz‡K‡Q ms¯‹…‡Z, Zvici cÖvK…‡Z| Zvici G‡m‡Q evOjvq| GivI Z™¢e kã| wg‡k Av‡Q evOjv fvlvq| ÔLvjÕ Avi ÔNovÕ| Lye wbKU kã Avgv‡`i| ÔLvjÕ kãwU Zvwgj fvlvi ÔKvjÕ †_‡K G‡m‡Q| ÔKvjÕ ms¯‹…‡Z nq ÔLíÕ| cÖvK…‡Z nq ÔLj−Õ| evOjvq ÔLvjÕ| Zvwgj-gjqvwj fvlvq GKwU kã wQ‡jv ÔKzUgÕ| ms¯‹…‡Z †mwU nq NU| cÖvK…‡Z nq ÔNoÕ| evOjvq ÔNovÕ|

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(GPS) Global Positioning System w`‡q c„w_exi †h †Kv‡bv RvqMvi Ae¯’vb mywbw`©óev‡e †ei Kiv hvq| gnvKv‡k A‡bK¸‡jv K…wÎg DcMÖn i‡q‡Q| GB DcMÖn †_‡K cvVv‡bv ms‡KZ e¨envi K‡i wRwcG‡mi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv wKQzi Ae¯’vb mywbw`©ófv‡e †ei Kiv nq|

cvV cwiwPwZ : eZ©gvb c„w_ex n‡”Q Z_¨ cÖhyw³i hyM- A_©vr Z_¨ msMÖn, Z_¨ msi¶Y Avi Z_¨ wewbg‡qi †¶‡Î mviv c„w_ex‡Z GKUv hyMvš—Kvix cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i GB wec−‡ei wcQ‡b me‡P‡q eo f~wgKv ivL‡Q ÔKw¤úDUviÕ bv‡gi hš¿wU| GwU gvby‡li wb‡`©‡k KvR K‡i, ZvB GKRb gvbyl hZUzKz m„Rbkxj Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii KvR Kivi ¶gZvI wVK ZZUzKz PgKcÖ`| `yB k eQi Av‡M c„w_ex‡Z GKUv wkíwec−e n‡qwQj, †mB wec−‡e hviv Ask wb‡qwQj cieZx© mg‡q ZvivB c„w_ex‡K kvmb K‡iwQj| wVK GB gyû‡Z© wkíwec−‡ei g‡ZvB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ cÖhyw³i wec−e NU‡Q- hviv GB wec−‡e Ask †b‡e ZvivB bZzb c„w_exi †bZ…Z¡ †`‡e| evsjv‡`k‡K c„w_exi mvg‡b gv_v DuPz K‡i `uvo Kiv‡bvi R‡b¨ bZzb cÖRb¥ Z_¨ cÖhyw³‡Z wb‡R‡`i `¶ K‡i Zzj‡e †mwU meviB cÖZ¨vkv|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| dvBevi AcwU‡K Kx‡mi †fZi w`‡q Z_¨ cvVvb nq ? K. M. Zvgvi Zv‡ii Kuv‡Pi Zš‘i L. N. we`y¨r †PŠ¤^Kxq Zi‡½ Kve©‡bi Zš‘i

2| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i wec−‡e †bZ…Z¡ wb‡Z n‡j Kx‡m `¶ I cwiwPZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb ?
i. MwYZ ii. Bs‡iwR iii. Kw¤úDUvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i M. i I iii

L. N.

ii i, ii I iii

DÏxcK co Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^cœ wb‡q GwM‡q Pj‡Q GKwU j¨vcUc, GKwU g‡Wg I GKwU cÖ‡R±i wb‡q cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wWwRUvj K¬vm †bqvi Kvh©µg| wkï‡`i Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ msµvš— kã¸‡jv ¯’vb cv‡”Q| wk¶v_x©iv B-‡gBj, B›Uvi‡bU m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡Q| gvby‡li m„Rbkxj KvR‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb, msi¶Y Kiv, Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î cÖavbZg f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q Kw¤úDUvi| iv‡k` Abyfe Ki‡jv Z‡_¨i gnvmo‡K †hvM¨Zg m½x nIqvB RvZxq KZ©e¨|

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3| ÔZ_¨ cÖhyw³Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU DÏxc‡K D™¢vwmZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv Ñ K. M. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb Z_¨cÖhyw³ wec−‡e †hvM`vb L. N. cÖhyw³i DrKl© mvab Kw¤úDUv‡i `¶ nIqv

4| DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe ÔZ_¨ cÖhyw³Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb D×…wZi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© ? K. L. M. N. eZ©gvb c„w_exUv n‡”Q Z_¨ cÖhyw³i c„w_ex Av‡M Kw¤úDUv‡ii KvR wQj KíweÁv‡bi g‡Zv Z_¨cÖhyw³i wec−‡ei wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Z_¨ wewbgq e¨e¯’v M‡o D‡V‡Q|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †mvwbqv Av‡gwiKvi Gg. AvB. Gm. wU-‡Z fwZ© nevi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡”Q| wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nevi hveZxq Z_¨ †m B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †hvMvo Ki‡jv| †mLv‡b Aa¨qbiZ wk¶v_x©‡i` B-‡gBj wVKvbv †R‡b †mvwbqv Zv‡`i mv‡_I †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vb Ki‡jv| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g fwZ© nevi me Z_¨ †R‡b †mvwbqvi g‡b n‡jv Z_¨ cÖhyw³‡Z mg„× n‡jB G‡`k mg„× n‡Z cvi‡e| K. L. M. N. wR.wc.Gm. Kx ? Ô†gvevBj †Uwj‡dvb eyw×gvb hš¿Õ †Kb ? DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔZ_¨ cÖhyw³Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxc‡K ÔZ_¨ cÖhyw³Õ cÖe‡Üi g~j fvebv D‡b¥vwPZ nqwb Ñ g~j¨vqb Ki|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

165

my‡Li jvwMqv
Ávb`vm
Kwe cwiwPwZ : Ávb`vm 16k kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a©i Kwe| m½xZÁ I bZzb KxZ©b c×wZi D™¢veK wn‡m‡e wZwb mybv‡gi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| ea©gv‡bi Kuv`ov MÖv‡g Zuvi Rb¥| m¤¢eZ †Mvwe›``vm KweivR, ejivg `vm cÖg‡Li m‡½ wZwb †LZzivi y Drm‡e Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| evOjv I eªReywj wKsev G `y‡qi wgkÖ fvlvq wZwb c`vejx iPbv K‡ib| PÊx`vm-Abymvix Ávb`vm fvlvq I fv‡e mnR I Avš—wiK| ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv MxwZ KweZvq Av‡¶cvbyivM I i~cvbyiv‡Mi c`¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi f³-ü`q h_v_© cÖvY †c‡q‡Q| GLv‡b m¼wjZ Av‡¶cvbyiv‡Mi c`wU‡Z Zvi cÖgvY wgj‡e| Ávb`vm iwPZ MÖš’ : gv_yi I gyijx wk¶v|]

my‡Li jvwMqv G Ni euvwaby Avb‡j cywoqv †Mj| Awgqv-mvM‡i wmbvb Kwi‡Z mKwj Mij †fj \ mwL Kx †gvi Ki‡g †jwL| kxZj ewjqv I Puv` †mweby fvbyi wKiY †`wL \ DPj ewjqv AP‡j Pwo‡Z cwoby AMva R‡j| jwQgx Pvwn‡Z `vwi`ª¨ †epj gvwYK nvivby †n‡j \ bMi emvjvg mvMi euvwajvg gvwYK cvevi Av‡k| mvMi ïKvj gvwYK jyKvj AfvMxi Kig-†`v‡l \ wcqvm jvwMqv Rj` †mweby eRi cwoqv †Mj| Ávb`vm K‡n Kvbyi wcixwZ giY AwaK †kj \ kãv_© : AwgqvÑ Ag„Z; wmbvbÑ mœvb; Ki‡g †jwLÑ K‡g©i †jLv, c~e©-R‡b¥i K‡g©i dj, A`„‡ói †jLv; DPjÑ D”P; APjÑ ce©Z; jwQgxÑ j²x, †epjÑ wN‡i aij; wcqvmÑ wccvmv, Z…òv|

cvV cwiwPwZ : Avng` kixd m¤úvw`Z Ôga¨hy‡Mi evsjv MxwZKweZvÕ MÖš’ †_‡K Ômy‡Li jvwMqvÕ kxl©K KweZvwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| gvbyl my‡Li Rb¨ eû Av‡qvRb K‡i wKš‘ †m Av‡qvRb A‡bK mgqB mv_©K nq bv| Kwe GB KweZvq A‡bK Zzjbv w`‡q‡Qb : †hgb, Ag„‡Zi mvM‡i mœvb Ki‡jI me Mi‡ji g‡Zv g‡b nq; wmœ» Puv‡`i Av‡jv‡Z cÖwZdwjZ nq Li‡iŠ‡`ªi ZxeªZv; gvwY‡K¨i Avkvq mvM‡i bvg‡jI †m gvwbK n¯—MZ nq bv| Kwe e‡j‡Qb, G meB Kg©‡`vl| Kvby A_©vr K…‡ò fw³ `„pZi bv n‡j G ai‡bi Av‡qvRb wbõj nIqv ¯^vfvweK| cigvZ¥vi m‡½ wgwjZ nevi AvKv•¶v gvby‡li wPiš—b| Kwe Ávb`vm e‡j‡Qb, GB AvKv•¶v ev¯—evwqZ bv n‡j Zv gi‡Yi †P‡qI AwaK g‡b nq| Abykxjbx

Kg©-Abykxjb

1| Ômy‡Li jvwMqvÕ KweZvq e¨eüZ AcwiwPZ kã¸‡jvi A_©mn GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Ges Zv w`‡q evK¨ ˆZwi Ki|

166

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eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1| Kwe †Kv_vq wmbvb Kivi K_v e‡j‡Qb? K. b`x‡Z L. mvM‡i M. we‡j N. cyKz‡i 2| ÔkxZj ewjqv/I Pvu` †mweby/fvbyi wKiY †`wL \Õ G e³‡e¨ Kwei †Kvb RvZxq g‡bvfve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ? K. †¶vf L. nZvkv M. cÖxwZ N. g‡bvKó wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : GK`v kªxK…ò Ges M½v ci¯úi †cÖ‡g c‡o hvb G‡Z ivav ¶zä n‡q M½v‡K nv‡Zi †Kv‡l wb‡q cvb Ki‡Z †M‡j †`eZviv K…‡òi kiYvcbœ nb| ZLb K…ò M½v‡K Zvi PiY †_‡K mwi‡q †`b| 3| DÏxc‡Ki M½vi cwiYwZi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i †h cO&w³ Zv n‡jv Ñ G Ni evwaby i. my‡Li jvwMqv Avb‡j cywoqv †Mj mvMi euvwajvg ii. bMi emvjvg gvwYK cvevi Av‡k Rj` †mweby iii. wcqvm jvwMqv eRi cwoqv †Mj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i. I ii L. ii M. i. I iii N. iii 4| Giƒc cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i KviY Kx? K. e¨_©Zv L. cÖwZK~jZv M. `yf©vM¨ N. mijZv

m„Rbkxj

1g Ask :

2q Ask :

bMi emvjvg mvMi evuwajvg gvwYK cvevi Av‡k mvMi ïKvj gvwYK jyKvj AfvMxi Kig-†`v‡l \ `ywU nvZ w`‡q ¶zavZ© bq‡b LyuwR‡ZwQ †Kv_v Zzwg †Kv_v Zzwg|

K. L. M. N.

Kwe †Kv_vq mœvb Ki‡Z Pvb? ÔKvbyi wcixwZ giY AwaK †kjÕ- G K_v Øviv Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? DÏxc‡K Ges Ômy‡Li jvwMqvÕ KweZvq Kwei PvIqvi mv`„k¨ wbY©q Ki| Ô†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK I Ômy‡Li jvwMqvÕ KweZvi g~jfve †hb GKm~‡Î Muv_v|Õhyw³mn cÖgvY Ki|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

167

Avgvi mš—vb fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi
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Abœc~Y©v DËwijv Mvw½bxi Zx‡i| cvi Ki ewjqv WvwKjv cvUzbx‡i \ †mB Nv‡U †Lqv †`q Ck¦ix cvUzbx| Z¡ivq Avwbj †bŠKv evgv¯^i ïwb \ Ck¦ix‡i wRÁvwmj Ck¦ix cvUybx| GKv †`wL Kzjea~ †K eU Avcwb \ cwiPq bv w`‡j Kwi‡Z bvwi cvi| fq Kwi wK Rvwb †K w`‡e †didvi \ Ck¦ix‡i cwiPq K‡nb Ck¦ix| eySn Ck¦ix Avwg cwiPq Kwi \ we‡kl‡Y mwe‡kl Kwnev‡i cvwi| Rvbn ¯^vgxi bvg bvwn a‡i bvix \ cvUzbx ewj‡Q gv‡Mv ïb wb‡e`b| †muDZx Dc‡i ivL I iv½v PiY \ cvUzbxi ev‡K¨ gvZv nvwmqv Aš—‡i| ivwLjv `yLvwb c` †muDZx Dc‡i \ †muDZx‡Z c` †`ex ivwL‡Z ivwL‡Z| †muDZx nBj †mvbv †`wL‡Z †`wL‡Z \ †mvbvi †muDZx †`wL cvUzbxi fq| G Z †g‡q †g‡q bq †`eZv wbðq \ Zx‡i DËwij Zwi Zviv DËwijv| c~e©gy‡L my‡L MRMg‡b Pwjjv \ †muDZx jBqv e‡¶ Pwjjv cvUzbx| wc‡Q †`wL Zv‡i †`ex wdwiqv Avcwb \ mf‡q cvUzbx K‡n P‡¶ e‡n Rj| w`qvQ †h cwiPq †m eywSby Qj \ †ni †`L †muDZx‡Z _y‡qwQjv c`| Kv‡Vi †muDZx †gvi ˆnjv Aóvc` \

168

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gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

169

Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb
1| KweZvi g‡a¨ †Kvb `y‡Uv jvBb †Zvgvi me‡P‡q †ewk fv‡jv jv‡M? GB fv‡jvjvMvi KviY Kx?

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| Kvi ev‡K¨ gvZv nvwmqv Aš—‡i| ivwLj `yLvwb c` †muDZx Dc‡i ? K. M. K. M. cvUzbxi mnhvÎxi Afxó c~Y© K‡i Ggb †`eZvi AbyM„nxZ e¨w³ L. N. Abœc~Y©vi cÖwZ‡ekxi L. N. cÖv_©bxq wRwbm jvf †`eZvi Awfkß e¨w³

2| Ôei`vbÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ?

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : C‡`i QzwU‡Z iZb gv‡qi mv‡_ j‡Â P‡o ewikvj hvw”Q‡jb| nVvr j‡Â hvwš¿K ÎywU †`Lv w`j| j‡Âi cvk w`‡q hvIqv †bŠKvq GKRb‡K †`qv m¤¢e †R‡b iZb‡K Zvi gv euvPv‡jb wKš‘ wb‡Ri Rxeb i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| 3| DÏxc‡Ki iZ‡bi gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔAvgvi mš—vbÕ KweZvq hvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Ñ K. Abœc~Y©v L. nwi‡nvo M. fevb›` N. cvUzbx 4| Giƒc mv`„‡k¨i KviY n‡jv Ñ i. mš—vb evrmj¨ ii. Ck¦iZzwó iii. AvZ¥Z¨vM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj
†mKv‡j Bûw` es‡k GKRb aej †ivMx wQ‡jb| cix¶vi Rb¨ aej †ivMxi wbKU †d‡i¯—v Avm‡jb| wZwb †ivMx‡K ej‡jb, ÔZzwg Kx me‡P‡q fv‡jvevm ? wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi Mv‡qi is hw` fv‡jv nZ Zvn‡j mK‡j Avi Avgv‡K N„Yv KiZ bv|Õ †d‡i¯—v †ivMxi Mv‡q nvZ eywj‡q w`‡j wZwb my¯’ n‡q †M‡jb| K. L. M. N. Ô†muDZxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx ? ÔG Z †g‡q †g‡q bqÕ Ñ G K_vwU †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q ? mªóvi Kv‡Q PvIqvi †¶‡Î aej †ivMxi I ÔAvgvi mš—vbÕ KweZvi cvUbxi cv_©K¨UzKz wbY©q Ki| DÏxcKwU ÔAvgvi mš—vbÕ KweZvi g~jfve‡K cÖKvk K‡i bv Ñ gš—e¨wU wePvi Ki|

170

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2| Kwe Ômsmv‡i mgiv½‡bÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb ? K. M. hy×‡¶Î‡K cÖwZ‡iva hy×‡K L. N. Rxebhy×‡K Aw¯—Z¡‡K

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ïKzi wgqv GKRb ¶z‡` e¨emvqx| mvgvb¨ cyuwR wb‡q e¨emv ïi“ K‡ib| cÖ_g cÖ_g jvf cvb| GK mgq Zvi e¨emv‡q g›`v †`Lv †`q| G‡Z wZwb wKQzUv wePwjZ n‡q c‡ob| ZLb eÜz nv‡Zg Zv‡K `„pZvi mv‡_ GwM‡q Pjvi civgk© †`b| ïKzi wgqv Zvi civgk©‡K mv`‡i MÖnY K‡ib| 3| DÏxc‡Ki ïKzi wgqvi j¶¨ Kx ? K. L. M. N. h‡kv×vi AgiZ¡ jvf msmvi mgiv½‡b wU‡K _vKv eiYxq nIqv

4| Afxó j‡¶¨ †cŠuQv‡Z ïKz‡ii †h ¸‡Yi Avek¨K Zv n‡jv Ñ K. M. mvnm AvZ¥wek¦vm L. N. msMÖvg m¼í

m„Rbkxj ievU© eª“m ci ci Qqevi hy‡× civwRZ n‡q GK mg‡q nZvk n‡q e‡b P‡j hvb| †mLv‡b †`‡Lb GKUv gvKomv Rvj eyb‡Z wM‡q evievi e¨_© n‡”Q| Ae‡k‡l †m mßgev‡i mdj nq| G NUbv ievU© eª“‡mi g‡b Drmvn RvMvq| wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib Rxe‡b mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv A½v½xfv‡e RwoZ| ZvB wZwb Avevi c~Y© D`¨‡g hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i weRqx nb| K. Kwe †Kvb `„k¨ fyj‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb? L. Kxfv‡e Ôf‡eiÕ DbœwZ Kiv hvq? M. civR‡qi M−vwb ievU© eª“‡mi gv‡S †h cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i †mwU ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi mv‡_ †hfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y© Zv Zz‡j ai| N. ÔnZvkv bq eis mwnòzZv I ˆah©B gvby‡li Rxe‡b Pig mvdj¨ e‡q Av‡b|Õ- DÏxcK I ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZv Aej¤^‡b Dw³wU we‡k−lY Ki|

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[Kwe cwiwPwZ : iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 25†k ˆekvL 1268 m‡b (7B †g 1861 wLªóvã) KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi Ges wcZvgn wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi| evj¨Kv‡j iex›`ªbv_‡K Iwi‡q›Uvj †mwgbvwi, bg©vj ¯‹zj, †e½j GKv‡Wgx cªf…wZ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi †jLvcovi Rb¨ cvVv‡bv n‡jI wZwb †ewkw`b ¯‹z‡ji kvm‡b _vK‡Z cv‡ibwb| GgbwK m‡Zi eQi eq‡m iex›`ªbv_‡K e¨vwi÷vwi covi Rb¨ Bsj¨v‡Û cvVv‡bv n‡jI †`o eQi c‡i cov‡kvbv Amgvß †i‡L wZwb †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| we`¨vj‡qi AvbyôvwbK wk¶v wZwb jvf K‡ibwb, wKš‘ mvwn‡Z¨i wewPÎ †¶‡Î Zuvi c`PviYv GK we¯§‡qi e¯‘| wZwb wQ‡jb cÖK…Z A‡_©B Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvai| ev‡j¨B Zuvi KwecÖwZfvi D‡b¥l N‡U| gvÎ c‡bi eQi eq‡m Zuvi ebdzj Kve¨MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq| 1913 mv‡j iex›`ªbv_ ÔMxZvÄwjÕ Kv‡e¨i Rb¨ Gkxq‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| e¯‘Z Zuvi GKK mvabvq evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ mKj kvLvq `ª“Z DbœwZ jvf K‡i Ges wek¦`iev‡i †MŠi‡ei Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ nq| wZwb GKvav‡i mvwnwZ¨K, `vk©wbK, wk¶vwe`, myiKvi, bvU¨ cÖ‡hvRK I Awf‡bZv| Kve¨, †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ, Mvb BZ¨vw` mvwn‡Z¨i mKj kvLvB Zuvi Ae`v‡b mg„×| Zuvi ARmª iPbvi g‡a¨ gvbmx, †mvbvi Zix, wPÎv, Kíbv, ¶wYKv, ejvKv, cybð, †Pv‡Li evwj, †Mviv, N‡i evB‡i, †hvMv‡hvM, †k‡li KweZv, wemR©b, WvKNi, i³Kiex, Mí¸”Q, wewPÎ cÖeÜ BZ¨vw` we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| 22‡k kÖveY 1348 m‡b (7B AvM÷ 1941 wLªóvã) KjKvZvq wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|]

gwi‡Z Pvwn bv Avwg my›`i fze‡b, gvb‡ei gv‡S Avwg euvwPev‡i PvB| GB m~h©K‡i GB cyw®úZ Kvb‡b Rxeš— ü`q-gv‡S hw` ¯’vb cvB ! aivq cÖv‡Yi †Ljv wPiZiw½Z, wein wgjb KZ nvwm-AkÖ“gq Ñ gvb‡ei my‡L `yt‡L Muvw_qv msMxZ hw` †Mv iwP‡Z cvwi Agi-Avjq ! Zv hw` bv cvwi, Z‡e euvwP hZ Kvj †Zvgv‡`wi gvSLv‡b jwf †hb VuvB, †Zvgiv Zzwj‡e e‡j mKvj weKvj be be msMx‡Zi Kzmyg dzUvB| nvwm gy‡L wb‡qv dzj, Zvi c‡i nvq †d‡j w`‡qv dzj, hw` †m dzj ïKvq \

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kãv_© I UxKv : m~h© K‡i Ñ m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z; wPiZiw½Z Ñ me©`v K‡j−vwjZ, engvb: jwf Ñ jvf Kwi; Rxeš— n„`q gv‡S Ñ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zuvi mg¯— m„wó‡Z gvby‡li gv‡S †eu‡P _vKvi AvKv•¶v cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Av‡jvP¨ As‡k Zuvi GB AvKv•¶vi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq; weinwgjb ... AkÖ“gqÑ gvby‡li Rxeb Kzmygv¯—xY© bq| nvwm-Kvbœv, Avb›`-†e`bv wb‡q Zvi Rxeb| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi gvbe Rxe‡bi GB ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨ ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Avi Zuvi m„wói g‡a¨ dwj‡q Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb hvwcZ Rxe‡bi myL-`ytL, nvwm-Kvbœvi wecyj GK AvL¨vb; Agi Avjq Ñ Agi m„wó A‡_©; be be m½x‡Zi Kzmyg dzUvB Ñ iex›`ªbv‡_i m„wói RMr wecyj; gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wewPÎ Abyfe-Abyf~wZ, fve-fvebv I K‡g©i RMr‡K wZwb Zuvi m„wói g‡a¨ cÖvYgq K‡i Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Zuvi †mB m„wói ga¨ †_‡K i~c-im-MÜ †hb gvbyl Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ wZwb cÖwZwbqZ dzwU‡q Zzj‡Qb m„wói Kzmyg| cvV cwiwPwZ : KweZvwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔKwo I †KvgjÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| GB RMr my›`i Ges AvKl©Yxq| gvby‡li nvwm-Kvbœv, gvb-Awfgvb, Av‡eM-fv‡jvevmvq c„w_ex cwic~Y©| RM‡Zi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨ wKQyi AvnŸv‡b cÖjyä n‡q Kwe ZvB g„Z¨eiY Ki‡Z Pvb bv| wZwb Awfjvl e¨³ z K‡i‡Qb, gvby‡li gbRqx iPbv m„R‡bi gva¨‡g mevi Kv‡Q Av`„Z nIqvi| c„w_exi bibvixi myL`ytLwein hw` wVKfv‡e Zuvi m„wó‡Z VuvB cvq, Z‡eB wZwb Agi n‡eb| Zv-bv n‡j Zuvi iPbv ïK‡bv dz‡ji g‡ZvB mevi Kv‡Q Abv`„Z n‡q co‡e| mr I ïfKg© K‡i RM‡Z gvby‡li g‡a¨ `xN© w`b †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ `„p msKí cÖ‡qvRb|

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2| Kwe gvbe ü`‡q Kxfv‡e VuvB †c‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ?

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Avevi Avwme wd‡i avbwmuwowUi Zx‡i Ñ GB evsjvq nq‡Zv gvbyl bq Ñ nq‡Zv ev k•LwPj kvwj‡Ki †e‡k nq‡Zv †fv‡ii KvK n‡q GB KvwZ©‡Ki bev‡bœi †`‡k Kzqvkvi ey‡K †f‡m GKw`b Avwme G KuvVvj Qvqvq;

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3| DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨i mv‡_ ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvi fveMZ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †h ev‡K¨, Zv n‡jv Ñ gwi‡Z Pvwn bv Avwg my›`i fze‡b, gvb‡ei gv‡S Avwg euvwPev‡i PvB ii. gvb‡ei my‡L-`yt‡L Muvw_qv msMxZ hw` †Mv iwP‡Z cvwi Agi Avjq ! iii. nvwm gy‡L wb‡q dzj, Zvi c‡i nvq †d‡j w`‡qv dzj, hw` †m dzj ïKvq\ i. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M. i ii I iii L. N. iii i I iii

4| Giƒc mv`„‡k¨i KviY Kx? K. M. Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Avmw³ RvMwZK myL †fvM L. N. AK…wÎg gvbe‡cÖg m„wói Avb›` Dc‡fvM

m„Rbkxj evsjvi gyL Avwg †`wLqvwQ, ZvB Avwg c„w_exi iƒc LyuwR‡Z hvB bv Avi, AÜKv‡i †R‡M D‡V Wzgy‡ii Mv‡Q †P‡q †`wL QvZvi gZb e‡ov cvZvwUi wb‡P e‡m Av‡Q †fv‡ii †`v‡qj cvwLÑ Pviw`‡K †P‡q †`wL cj−‡ei ¯—~c Rvg-eU-KuvVv‡ji-wnR‡ji-Ak¦‡Ìi K‡i Av‡Q Pzc| K. L. M. N. Kwe Kv‡`i gv‡S euvP‡Z Pvb ? G c„w_ex‡Z Kwe Agi Avjq iPbv Ki‡Z Pvb †Kb ? DÏxc‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ welqwU ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvi fv‡ei mv‡_ Kxfv‡e wg‡k Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxcKwU ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvi AvswkKfve gvÎ, c~Y©iƒc bq| hyw³mnKv‡i eywS‡q †jL|

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202

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3| DÏxc‡Ki mvgv` wgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †h ev †hme Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jvÑ i. c~Rvixi ii. †gvj−v mv‡n‡ei iii. fyLvwii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M. i I ii ii I iii L. N. i I iii i, ii I iii

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204

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205

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2| ÔAvgvi †`kÕ †Kvb RvZxq KweZv ?

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4| DÏxc‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

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Avkv wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi [Kwe cwiwPwZ : Lyjbv †Rjvi †ZZzwjqv MÖv‡g 1919 mv‡ji 19†k gvP© wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv ˆmq` gCbyÏxb nv‡kgx †ckvq wQ‡jb K…wlRxex I e¨emvqx| wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi 1936 mv‡j Zvjv we.‡`. BÝwUwUDkb †_‡K g¨vwUªK cvm K‡ib Ges KjKvZvi wicb K‡jR †_‡K AvBG cvk K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb wQ‡jb mvsevw`K| †`k wefv‡Mi c‡i wZwb ¯’vqxfv‡e XvKvq emevm K‡ib| G mgq wZwb †iwWI cvwK¯—v‡b PvKwi †_‡K ïi“ K‡i ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, ˆ`wbK wgj−vZ, gvwmK mgKvj cÖf…wZ cwÎKvq mvsevw`KZv K‡ib| wZwb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb †eMevb K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Zvrch©c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡Lb| ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb GKwbô mvs¯‹…wZK Kgx©| gyw³hy‡×i mgq Zuvi †jLv ÔAvgv‡`i msMÖvg Pj‡eB Pj‡eÕ MvbwU ¯^vaxbZvKvgx evOvwj RvwZ‡K we‡klfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| Zuvi MYm½xZ I KweZv †gnbZx gvby‡li gyw³i †cÖiYvq mg„×| wmKvb`vi Avey Rvd‡ii D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ : cÖmbœ kni, ˆeix e„wó‡Z, wZwgivwš—K, e„wðK jMœ, gvje †KŠwkK BZ¨vw`| mvwnZ¨K‡g© Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi I GKz‡k c`‡K (gi‡YvËi) f~wlZ nb| 5B AvM÷ 1975 mv‡j wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|] Avwg †mB RM‡Z nvwi‡q †h‡Z PvB, †h_vq Mfxi-wbïZ iv‡Z RxY© †eovi N‡i wbf©vebvq gvby‡liv Nywg‡q _v‡K fvB \ †h_vq †jv‡K †mvbv-i~cvq cvnvo Rgvq bv, weË-my‡Li `yf©vebvq Avqy Kgvq bv; †h_vq †jv‡K Zz”Q wb‡q Zzó _v‡K fvB \ mvivw`‡bi cwikÖ‡gI cvq bv hviv Lyu‡R GKwU w`‡bi Avnvh©-mÂq, Zey hv‡`i g‡bi †Kv‡Y †bB `yivkv M−vwb, †bB `xbZv, †bB †Kv‡bv mskq| †h_vq gvbyl gvby‡l‡i evm‡Z cv‡i fv‡jv cÖwZ‡ekxi Auvavi N‡i R¡vj‡Z cv‡i Av‡jv, †mB RM‡Zi Kvbœv-nvwmi Aš—iv‡j fvB Avwg nvwi‡q †h‡Z PvB \

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2| ÔcÖwZ‡ekxi Auvavi N‡i/R¡vj‡Z cv‡i Av‡jvÕ Ñ GLv‡b Av‡jv ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ? cvi¯úwiK m¤úªxwZ G‡K A‡b¨i †LuvR †bIqv

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4| Kwei `„wó‡Z GB gvbyl¸‡jvi ˆewkó¨ †Kgb ?

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217

e„wó diiyL Avng` [Kwe cwiwPwZ : diiyL Avng` 1918 wLªóv‡ãi 10B Ryb gv¸iv †Rjvi gvSAvBj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Lvb mv‡ei ˆmq` nv‡Zg Avjx| dii“L Avng` KjKvZv wicb K‡jR †_‡K AvBG cvm K‡ib Ges KjKvZvi ¯‹wUk PvP© K‡j‡R `k©‡b Abvm© I Bs‡iwR‡Z Abv‡m©i QvÎ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ cix¶v bv w`‡qB Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb bvbv c‡` wb‡qvwRZ nb Ges 1947 †_‡K 1972 mvj ch©š— wZwb XvKv †eZv‡i ÷vd ivBUvi c‡` wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Bmjvwg Av`k© I HwZn¨ Zuv‡K Kve¨m„wó‡Z †cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Q| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ : mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS, wmivRvg&& gybxiv, †bŠ‡dj I nv‡Zg, gyn~‡Z©i KweZv, cvwLi evmv, nv‡ZgZvqx, bZzb †jLv, ni‡di Qov, Qovi Avmi BZ¨vw`| mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, Av`gRx cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`Kmn (gi‡YvËi) A‡bK cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| 1974 mv‡ji 19†k A‡±vei wZwb ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|]

e„wó G‡jv ... eû cÖZxw¶Z e„wó ! Ñ cÙv †gNbvi `ycv‡k Avevw` MÖv‡g, e„wó G‡jv cy‡ei nvIqvq, we`» AvKvk, gvV †X‡K †Mj KvRj Qvqvq; we`y¨r-i~cmx cwi †g‡N †g‡N n‡q‡Q mIqvi| w`Kw`M‡š—i c‡_ Aci~c Avfv †`‡L Zvi el©YgyLi w`‡b Ai‡Y¨i †Kqv wknivq, †iŠ`ª-`» avb‡¶Z AvR Zvi ¯úk© †c‡Z Pvq, b`xi dvU‡j eb¨v Av‡b c~Y© cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi| iyM&Y e„× wfLvixi iM-IVv nv‡Zi gZb iy¶ gvV Amgvb †kv‡b †mB el©‡Yi myi, Z…wlZ e‡bi mv‡_ †R‡M I‡V Z…lvZß gb, cvwo w`‡q †h‡Z Pvq eû c_, cÖvš—i eÜzi, †hLv‡b we¯§„Z w`b c‡o Av‡Q wbtm½ wbR©b †mLv‡b el©vi †gN Rv‡M AvR welYœ †g`yi \ kãv_© I UxKv : we`y¨r i~cmx cwi Ñ we`y¨r PgKv‡bv‡K †jvKR aviYv Abyhvqx my›`ix cwii m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h †g‡N †g‡N Ny‡i †eovq; mIqvi Ñ Av‡ivnx; i“M&&Y e„× wfLvixi ... Z…òvZß gb Ñ `xN© el©Ynxb w`‡b gvVNvU ïwK‡q †h i“¶ g~wZ© aviY K‡i‡Q Kwe Zv‡K i“M&&Y e„× wfLvixi iM-IVv nv‡Zi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| GLb el©‡Yi ïi“‡Z Z…òvKvZi gvV-NvU I e‡b †`Lv w`‡q‡Q cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi; Z…òvZß Ñ wccvmvq KvZi; welYœ †g`yi Ñ e„wówenxb cÖK…wZi i“¶Zv e„wói AvMg‡b `~ixf~Z n‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZ GLb wmœ»‡Kvgj n‡q Pvwiw`‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q cÖv‡Yv”Q¡j| cvV cwiwPwZ : cÖK…wZ‡Z el©v Av‡m cÖvY¯ú›`b wb‡q| Avi e„wóB el©vi cÖvY| G mgq b`xi `y-av‡i c−veb †`Lv †`q, d‡j cwjgvwUi †MŠi‡e dmj fv‡jv nq| e„wói mgq AvKv‡ki me©Î †g‡Ni †Ljv †`Lv hvq, el©vi dzj dz‡U me©Î †gvwnZ nq, i“¶ gvwU e„wó‡Z cÖvY Ryovq| e„wói w`‡b ms‡e`bkxj gvbylI imwm³ n‡q I‡V| Zvi g‡b c‡o myLgq AZxZ, cyi‡bv ¯§„wZ, Avi †m fv‡jvjvMvi Avjcbv Auv‡K g‡b g‡b| G e„wó KL‡bv welYœI K‡i gb, GKvKx Rxe‡b evovq wein|

218

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Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb
1| el©vi FZz‡Z cÖK…wZ †h be mv‡R mw¾Z nqÑ Zvi weeiY `vI| 1|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

Kwe we`y¨r‡K Kvi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb ? K. Kb¨vi L. cwi M. Av‡jvi N. e„wói

2| i“M&b e„× wfLvixi iM-IVv nv‡Zi gZb i“¶ gvV AvmgvbÕ Ñ G wPÎK‡í Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q ? K. eyfz¶ gv‡Vi wPÎ L. el©vq evsjvi cÖK…wZ M. e„wónxb gv‡Vi i~c N. cÖK…wZi ˆewiZv 3| ÔAvwRKvi †iv` Nygv‡q cwo‡Q †Nvjv‡U †g‡Ni Av‡oÕ Ñ G e³‡e¨i wecixZ fve i‡q‡Q †h ev‡K¨Ñ i. el©YgyLi w`‡b Ai‡Y¨i †Kqv wknivq ii. †iŠ`ª-`» avb‡¶Z AvR Zvi ¯úk© †c‡Z Pvq iii. `y-cv‡k Avevw` MÖv‡g, e„wó G‡jv cy‡ei nvIqvq| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i M. i I ii 4| Gi~c ˆecix‡Z¨i KviY Kx ? K. M. el©YnxbZv †g‡Ni ZxeªZv L. N. el©‡Yi AvKv•¶v R‡ji cÖZ¨vkv L. N. ii ii I iii

m„Rbkxj
†KDev iwOb Kuv_vq †gwjqv ey‡Ki ¯^cbLvwb, Zv‡i fvlv †`q `xNj m~Zvq gvqvex Av¯—i Uvwb| AvwR‡K evwn‡i ïay µ›`b QjQj Rjav‡i †eYy-e‡b evqy bx‡o G‡jv‡Kk, gb †hb Pvq Kv‡i| K. L. M. N. Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq †Kvb †Kvb b`xi K_v D‡j−L i‡q‡Q ? †iŠ`ª-`» avb‡¶Z AvR e„wói ¯úk© †c‡Z Pvq †Kb ? Ô†eYy-e‡b evqy bx‡o G‡jv‡Kk, gb †hb Pvq Kv‡i|Õ Ñ DÏxc‡Ki G e³‡e¨i mv‡_ Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi mv`„‡k¨i w`KwU Zz‡j ai| DÏxcKwU Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi GKUv we‡kl fve cªKvk K‡i gvÎ, mgMÖ fve bq Ñ †Zvgvi DË‡ii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

219

Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš—yK bB

Avnmvb nvexe

[Kwe cwiwPwZ : Avnmvb nvexe 1917 wLªóv‡ãi 2iv Rvbyqvwi wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi k¼icvkv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb ewikv‡ji eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡R AvBG ch©š— Aa¨qb K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb mvsevw`KZv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| Mfxi Rxeb‡eva I Avkvev` Zuvi KweZv‡K wewkó e¨Äbv `vb K‡i‡Q| Zuvi KweZvi wmœ»Zv cvVKwP‡Ë GK gayi Av‡ek m„wó K‡i| wZwb mvgvwRK ˆel‡g¨i weiy‡× Ges AvZ© gvbeZvi mc‡¶ e³e¨ †i‡L‡Qb| Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ ivwÎ‡kl| G Qvov QvqvnwiY, mviv `ycyi, Avkvq emwZ, †gN e‡j ˆP‡Î hv‡ev Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ Zuvi KweZvi eB †RvQbv iv‡Zi Mí I QzwUi w`b `ycy‡i| ivbx Lv‡ji muv‡Kv Zuvi wK‡kvicvV¨ Dcb¨vm| Avnmvb nvexe Zuvi mvwnZ¨K‡g©i Rb¨ evsjv GKv‡Wgx I GKz‡k c`K cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕ cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K _vKvKv‡j 1985 mv‡ji 10B RyjvB Zuvi Rxebvemvb N‡U|]

Avmgv‡bi Zviv mv¶x mv¶x GB Rwg‡bi dzj, GB wbwkivBZ euvkevMvb we¯—i †RvbvwK mv¶x mv¶x GB Rvi“j Rvgi“j, mv¶x cy‡ei cyKzi, Zvi SvKov Wzgy‡ii Wv‡j w¯’i `„wó gvQivOv Avgv‡K †P‡b Avwg †Kv‡bv Af¨vMZ bB †Lv`vi Kmg Avwg wfb‡`wk cw_K bB Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš—yK bB| Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš—yK bB, Avwg wQjvg GLv‡b, Avwg ¯^vwcœK wbq‡g GLv‡bB _vwK Avi GLv‡b _vKvi bvg me©ÎB _vKv Ñ mviv †`‡k| Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš—yK bB| GB Li †iŠ`ª RjR evZvm †gN K¬vš— we‡K‡ji cvwLiv Avgv‡K †P‡b Zviv Rv‡b Avwg †Kv‡bv AvZ¥xq bB| KvwZ©‡Ki av‡bi gÄix mv¶x mv¶x Zvi wP‡ivj cvZvi Ujgj wkwki Ñ mv¶x †R¨vrmœvi Pv`‡i XvKv wbwk›`vi Qvqv AKvj eva©‡K¨ bZ K`g Avjx Zvi K¬vš— †Pv‡Li Auvavi Ñ Avwg wPwb, Avwg Zvi wPi‡Pbv ¯^Rb GKRb| Avwg

220

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

Rwgjvi gvÕi k~b¨ Lv Lv ivbœvNi ïK‡bv _vjv me wPwb †m Avgv‡K †P‡b| nvZ iv‡Lv ˆeVvq jvO‡j, †`‡Lv Avgvi nv‡Zi ¯úk© †j‡M Av‡Q †Kgb Mfxi| †`‡Lv gvwU‡Z Avgvi MÜ, Avgvi kix‡i †j‡M Av‡Q GB wmœ» gvwUi myevm| Avgv‡K wek¦vm K‡iv, Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš—yK bB| `yÕcv‡k av‡bi †¶Z miy c_ mvg‡b ay ay b`xi wKbvi Avgvi Aw¯—‡Z¡ Mvu_v| Avwg GB DavI b`xi gy» GK A‡eva evjK| kãv_© I UxKv : Avmgvb Ñ AvKvk; mv¶x Ñ †Kv‡bv wKQz wbR‡Pv‡L †`‡L‡Qb Ggb †KD; Rwgb Ñ f~wg; wbwkivBZ Ñ Ôwbkx_ ivwÎÕi MÖvgxY K_¨iƒc (Mfxi ivZ †evSv‡Z); Af¨vMZ Ñ M„‡n G‡m‡Q Ggb e¨w³, AvMš‘K, wbgwš¿Z AwZw_; av‡bi gÄyix Ñ gÄyix n‡jv gyKzj ev wkl, av‡bi gÄyix n‡jv av‡bi wkl ev gyKzj; wbwk›`v Ñ MÖvgxY GK ai‡bi MvQ; Rwgjvi gvÕi ... me wPwb Ñ Mixe, Afvex †kÖwYi cÖwZwbwa Rwgjvi gv| Zv‡`i ivbœvNi k~b¨B _v‡K mvaviYZ| KviY ivbœv Kivi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb Zv‡`i †bB| †h‡nZz ivbœv Kiv nq bv, LveviI LvIqv n‡q I‡V bv| ZvB _vjv-evmbI ïK‡bv _v‡K| KweI †mB Ae¯’vi K_v Rv‡bb; wmœ» gvwUi myevm Ñ gvwUi we‡klY wmœ» myev‡mi bq| A_©vr gvqvex I AvKl©Yxq MÖvgevsjv; `yÕ cv‡k av‡bi †¶Z ... Avgvi Aw¯—‡Z¡ Muv_v Ñ Kwe MÖvgxY Rxe‡bB †e‡o D‡V‡Qb| MÖv‡gi gvV-NvU c_-cÖvš—‡ii g‡Zv †¶‡Îi mi“ c_, Zvi cv‡k av‡bi mgv‡ivn Ges GKUz GwM‡q †M‡j wekvj b`xi wKbvi Kwei g‡bi †fZi, Aw¯’-g¾vq MÖw_Z n‡q Av‡Q| Giv mevB Kwei LyeB †Pbv-Rvbv|

cvV cwiwPwZ : Rb¥f~wgi m‡½ gvby‡li AvRxe‡bi m¤úK©| Gi mewKQzB Zvi g‡b nq KZ †Pbv, KZ
Rvbv| Rb¥f~wgi g‡a¨ wkKo †M‡o †_‡KB gvbyl ZvB mgMÖ †`k‡K Avcb K‡i cvq| GB Abyf~wZ Zzjbvnxb| †`k gv‡b †Zv ïay Pvicv‡ki cÖK…wZ bq, G‡K Avcb mËvq Abyfe Kiv| Avi †`k‡K Abyfe Ki‡jB †`‡ki gvbyl‡KI Avcb g‡b n‡e Avgv‡`i| GB KweZvq †mB AbyfeB Avš—wiK ggZvq my›`ifv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Kwe| wZwb D”PviY Ki‡Qb, wZwb G †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bb| wZwb †hgb IB Avmgvb, Rwg‡bi dzj, †RvbvwK, cyKzi, gvQivOv‡K †P‡bb, †Zgwb ZvivI Zv‡K †P‡b| cvwL, KvwZ©‡Ki avb wKsev ïay wkwki bq, wZwb GB Rbc‡`i gvbyl‡KI fv‡jvfv‡e †P‡bb| wZwb K`g Avjx, Rwgjvi gvÕi g‡Zv gvby‡li wPi‡Pbv ¯^Rb| Kwe Abyfe K‡ib, †h-jvOj Rwg‡Z dmj djvq, †mB jvOj Avi gvwUi MÜ †j‡M Av‡Q Zvi nv‡Z, kix‡i| avb‡¶Z Avi ay ay b`xi wKbvi, A_©vr GB MÖvgxY Rbc‡`i m‡½B Zvi Rxeb euvav| GB n‡”Q Zuvi Aw¯—Z¡| GB n‡”Q gvbeRxeb, Rb¥f~wgi m‡½ †h-gvbyl Mfxifv‡e m¤úwK©Z|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

221

Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb
1| cÖK…wZi m‡½ †Zvgvi m¤ú‡K©i cwiPq `vI|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| Avnmvb nvexe Kvi wPi‡Pbv ¯^Rb ? K. cvwLi L. K`g Avjxi M. †RvbvwKi N. Rwgjvi gvÕi 2| Kwe ˆeVvq jvO‡j nvZ ivL‡Z e‡j‡Qb †Kb ? K. kc_ †bqvi Rb¨ L. cik Abyfe Kivi Rb¨ M. Kwe‡K Lyu‡R cvevi Rb¨ N. Aw¯—Z¡ cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wicf¨vb DBsKj `xN© wek eQi ci Zvi Muv‡q wd‡i G‡j Zv‡K †KD wPb‡Z cv‡i wb| mevB Zvi w`‡K DrmyK `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l Zvi ¯^Rb Ug G‡j me ksKvi Aemvb N‡U| 3| DÏxc‡Ki U‡gi mv‡_ ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Ñ i. Rwgjvi gvÕi ii. K`g Avjxi iii. A‡eva evj‡Ki wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i M. i I ii 4| Gi~c mv`„‡k¨i KviY Kx ? K. eva©K¨ M. cwiwPZ L. N. L. N. ii ii I iii wPi‡Pbv ¯^vRvZ¨‡eva

m„Rbkxj
Avevi Avwme Avwg evsjv b`x gvV †LZ fv‡jv‡e‡m Rjv½xi †XD‡q †fRv evsjvi G meyR Ki“Y WvOvq; nq‡Zv †`wL‡e †P‡q my`k©b Dwo‡q‡Q mÜ¨vi evZv‡m; nq‡Zv ïwb‡e GK j²x‡cuPv WvwK‡Z‡Q wkgy‡ji Wv‡j; nq‡Zv LB‡qi avb Qov‡Z‡Q wkï GK DVv‡bi Nv‡m; i~cmvi †Nvjv R‡j nq‡Zv wK‡kvi GK mv`v †Quov cv‡j wWOv evq; ivOv †gN muvZiv‡q AÜKv‡i Avwm‡Z‡Q bx‡o †`wL‡e aej eK; Avgv‡iB cv‡e Zzwg Bnv‡`i wf‡o| we¯—i †RvbvwK †Kv_vq †`Lv hvq ? ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ Ñ Kwe GK_v e‡j‡Qb †Kb ? DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv wP‡Îi mv‡_ ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi †PZbvMZ ˆemv`„k¨B †ewk Ñ hyw³mn we‡k−lY Ki|

K. L. M. N.

222

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

†cv÷vi
Aveyj †nv‡mb
[Kwe cwiwPwZ : Aveyj †nv‡mb 15B AvM÷ 1922 wLªóv‡ã Lyjbv †Rjvi dwKinvU _vbvi Avo–Wv½v MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Gm.Gg. BmgvBj †nv‡mb| Aveyj †nv‡mb KjKvZv †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR †_‡K A_©bxwZ wel‡q we.G. m¤§vb I Gg.G. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| wZwb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii hyM¥mwPe c` †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡i XvKvq emevm Ki‡Qb| Zuvi KweZvq †`‡ki cÖwZ Mfxi ggZ¡‡ev‡ai ¯^”Q›` cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| wPÎgqZv I k‡ãi cÖ‡qvMKzkjZv Zuvi KweZv‡K wewkóZv `vb K‡i‡Q| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ n‡”Q : beemš—, weim msjvc, nvIqv †Zvgvi Kx `ytmvnm, `yt¯^cœ †_‡K `yt¯^cœ BZ¨vw`| BKev‡ji KweZv, wewfbœ fvlvi KweZv, Ab¨ †¶‡Zi dmj BZ¨vw` Zuvi Abyev` Kve¨MÖš’| Aveyj †nv‡mb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`K, c`vejx cyi¯‹vimn cÖPzi cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ n‡q‡Qb|]

†R‡bwQ mZ¨ eû w`b g‡b g‡b gyw³i c_ wg‡k †M‡Q RbM‡Y, †hLv‡b j¶ †jv‡Ki i“¶ nvZ m„wói gv‡S wb‡qvwRZ w`bivZ, †hLv‡b gvbyl ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡R cÖvYcvZ K‡i `yt¯^‡cœi gv‡S, gvwU‡Z wkKo †M‡o hviv †eu‡P Av‡Q, Avagiv n‡q cvlv‡Yi i‡m euv‡P, †mB RbZvi `xß wgwQj a‡i behyM Av‡m i³ w`‡bi †fv‡i| kãv_© I UxKv : †R‡bwQ mZ¨ .... †M‡Q RbM‡Y Ñ Ô†R‡bwQ mZ¨Õ n‡jv GK ai‡bi wek¦vm hv eûw`b a‡i g‡bi gv‡S Kwe enb K‡i P‡j‡Qb| Avi †m wek¦vmwU n‡jv gvby‡li gyw³i c_ RbM‡Yi gv‡SB wg‡k Av‡Q| ÔRbMYÕ ej‡Z mvaviY †L‡U LvIqv, kÖwgK I †gnbwZ gvbyl‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †mB RbM‡Yi †fZi †_‡KB gyw³i †mvcvb †ewi‡q Avm‡e| Avagiv n‡q cvlv‡Yi i‡m euv‡P Ñ mgv‡Ri †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl, hv‡`i Kg©h‡ÁB GB c„w_ex GZ my›`i †mB gvby‡liv mgv‡R `yÕ‡ejv †L‡Z cvq bv, Zv‡`i Rxe‡b †Kv‡bv im †bB, ˆewPÎ¨ †bB, †hb cvlv‡Yi g‡Zv ev cv_‡ii g‡Zv wbim Zv‡`i Rxeb| †mB RbZvi `xß ... i³ w`‡bi †Wv‡i Ñ †L‡U LvIqv gvbyl, RbZv wb‡R‡`i fvM¨‡K wb‡R‡`i nv‡Z e`jv‡bvi Rb¨ GKw`b †mv”Pvi n‡q I‡V, we¶zä n‡q I‡V, ivRc‡_ †b‡g Av‡m, wgwQj K‡iÑ Gfv‡e GK ˆec−weK Ae¯’vi m„wó K‡i ZLbB bZzb hy‡Mi m„wó nq; mKj AZ¨vPvi wbh©vZb `~i nq|

cvV cwiwPwZ : GB mf¨Zv M‡o D‡V‡Q kªgRxex I †gnbwZ gvby‡li cwikª‡gi Kvi‡Y| †hLv‡b j¶ nvZ GKwÎZ nq †mLv‡bB kw³ `„pZi nq; †mLv‡bB m„wói bZzb c_ nq iwPZ| †h gvbyl `yt¯^‡cœi g‡a¨I w`bivZ KvR K‡i, hviv kZ evav‡K D‡c¶v K‡i gv I gvwUi Uv‡b †`‡ki wnZv‡_© wb‡qvwRZ, hviv Aa©vnvi-Abvnv‡iI †`kZ¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î wPiw`‡bi g‡Zv P‡j hvq bv ZvivB cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwgK| †mB kªgRxex, †gnbwZ mvaviY gvby‡li KvZv‡i wg‡k †M‡jB Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z Avb›` cvIqv m¤¢e| Kwe g‡b K‡ib, GUvB gyw³i †gŠj mZ¨|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

223

Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb
1| mf¨Zv weKv‡k †L‡U LvIqv gvby‡li Ae`v‡bi avivevwnK weeiY `vI| 1|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

gyw³i c_ †Kv_vq wg‡j †M‡Q ? K. c‡_ L. M. RbM‡Y N. K. M. mgm¨vi Rb¨ D‡c¶vi Rb¨

wgwQ‡j m‡¤§j‡b L. N. m„R‡bi Rb¨ ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡Ri Rb¨

2| gvbyl †Kb myt¯^‡cœi gv‡S _v‡K ?

DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : c„w_exi AwaKv‡i ewÂZ †h wf¶z‡Ki `jÑ Rxe‡bi eb¨v‡e‡M Zvnv‡`i Kv‡iv wePÂj AmZ¨ Ab¨vq hZ Wz‡e hvK, m‡Z¨i cÖmv` wM‡q jf Ag„‡Zi ¯^v`| 3| DÏxc‡K Ô†cv÷viÕ KweZvq †Kvb w`K D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q ? i. eÂbv ii. AwaKvinxbZv iii. bZzb w`‡bi m¤¢vebv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i M. iii K. L. M. N. L. N. ii i I iii

4| DÏxc‡Ki fvebvi m‡½ Ô†cv÷viÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© cO&w³ †KvbwU ? gyw³i c_ wg‡k †M‡Q RbM‡Y, ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡R, cÖvYcvZ K‡i `yt¯^‡cœi gv‡S, behyM Av‡m i³ w`‡bi †fv‡i Avagiv n‡q cvlv‡Yi i‡m euv‡P|

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[Kwe cwiwPwZ : nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb 14B Ryb 1932 wLªóv‡ã Rvgvjcyi †Rjvi KzjKvw›` MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Ave`yi ingvb wQ‡jb ¯‹zj wk¶K| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb 1946 wLªóv‡ã XvKv K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªK Ges 1948 mv‡j XvKv K‡jR †_‡K AvBG cvm K‡ib| 1951 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K weG Ges 1955 mv‡j evsjvq GgG wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi GKRb AmvaviY msMVK| 1953 mv‡j Zuvi m¤úvw`Z ÔGKz‡k †deª“qvwiÕ MÖš’wU we¯§qKi Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb wewfbœ cwÎKvq mvsevw`KZvmn Aa¨vcbvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| gyw³hy‡× wZwb wQ‡jb AKzZfq GK ˆmwbK| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi Kv‡j wZwb miKv‡ii wewfbœ ms¯’vq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| 1977 mv‡j MYcªRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Ôgyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm cÖKíÕÑGi wZwb wQ‡jb cÖavb| Zuvi m¤úv`bvq †lvj L‡Ê Ôevsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy×Õ : `wjjcÎÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| wZwb Kwe, mgv‡jvPK I MíKvi wn‡m‡e L¨vwZgvb| wefvM DËi c~e©evsjvi AvaywbK Kve¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb Ab¨Zg ¯’cwZ| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ : wegyL cÖvš—i, AvZ©kãvewj, Awš—g k‡ii g‡Zv, D`¨Z m½xb, †kvKvZ© Zievwi, Avgvi †fZ‡ii evN BZ¨vw`| cÖeÜMÖš’ : AvaywbK Kwe I KweZv, mvwnZ¨ cÖm½, MíMÖš’ : Av‡iv `ywU g„Zz¨ BZ¨vw`| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb †jLK msN cyi¯‹vi, Av`gRx cyi¯‹vi, evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k cyi¯‹vimn AmsL¨ cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ nb| 1983 mv‡ji 1jv GwcÖj wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|]

wK‡kvi †Zvgvi `yB nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z AvKzj m~‡h©v`q i³fxlY gyLgÊ‡j PgKvq eivfq| ey‡Ki Aaxi wdbwKi ¶ziavi kwn‡`i Lyb †j‡M wK‡kvi †Zvgvi `yB nv‡Z `yB m~h© D‡V‡Q †R‡M| gvby‡li nv‡Z AevK m~‡h©v`q, hvq cy‡o hvq g‡Z©i Agvwbkv k¼vi mskq| wK‡kvi †Zvgvi nvZ `y‡Uv DuPz iv‡Lv cÖej AnsKv‡i m~‡h©i mv‡_ Awfbœ †`L AwgZ AhyZ jvL| mviv kn‡ii gyL †Zvgvi nv‡Zi w`‡K fqnviv †KvwU AcjK †PvL GKvKvi n‡jv m~‡h©i Awbwg‡L| wK‡kvi †Zvgvi nvZ `y‡Uv DuPz iv‡Lv †jvwjZ cv‡ci Avg~j imbv Î“i AwMœ‡Z XvK| i‡³i LiZv‡b

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wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv GKz‡k †deª“qvwi Av‡Rv Rvwj‡gi KvivMv‡i g‡i exi †Q‡j exi bvix| 3| DÏxc‡K ÔAevK m~‡h©v`qÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv Ñ i. civaxbZv †_‡K gyw³i AvnŸvb ii. gbyl¨‡Z¡i AcgvbKvix‡`i aŸsm Kvgbv iii. HK¨e× n‡q `„ß kc‡_i A½xKvi| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. ii L. iii M. i I ii N. ii I iii 4| DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Abyfe wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y dz‡U D‡V‡Q ? K. L. M. N. wK‡kvi †Zvgvi `yB nv‡Z `yB m~h© D‡V‡Q †R‡M K‡É †dvUvI wbôziZg Mvb hvK cy‡o hvK Avcvgi cï mviv kn‡ii gyL †Zvgvi nv‡Zi w`‡K nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z AvKzj m~‡h©v`q i³‡kvwfZ gyLgÊ‡j PgKvq eivfq

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[Kwe cwiwPwZ : mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq 7B †m‡Þ¤^i 1934 wLªóv‡ã dwi`cyi †Rjvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb KjKvZvq ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm Ki‡Qb| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Kvjxc` M‡½vcva¨vq Ges gvZv gxiv M‡½vcva¨vq| 1954 wLªóv‡ã mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjvq GgG wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| †ckvMZ w`K †_‡K g~jZ GKRb mvsevw`K| we‡kl K‡i 1953 mvj †_‡K Zuvi m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ ÔKxwZ©evmÕ cwÎKvi gva¨‡g wZwb bZzb cÖR‡b¥i wbix¶vcÖeY Kwe‡`i weKv‡k AmvaviY f~wgKv †i‡L Avm‡Qb| wZwb mvwnZ¨ mvabvi GK wbijm Kgx©| KweZv I K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †h fzeb wZwb iPbv K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡b Avgv‡`i BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZ I gvbexq †cÖ‡gi GK Amvgvb¨ RMr ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| wZwb cÖvq `yB kZvwaK mvwnZ¨K‡g©i mªóv| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ : GK Ges K‡qKRb, Avgvi ¯^cœ, RvMiY †ngeY©, `uvovI my›`i, gb fv‡jv †bB, ¯^MbMixi Pvwe, ¯§„wZi kni, nVvr bxivi Rb¨ © BZ¨vw`; Dcb¨vm : Ai‡Y¨i w`bivwÎ, AvZ¥cªKvk, cÖwZØ›Øx, †mB mgq, c~e©-cwðg BZ¨vw`| wZwb mvwnZ¨ AvKv‡`wg cyi¯‹vi, ew¼g cyi¯‹vi, Avb›` cyi¯‹vimn cÖPi cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ nb|] z

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[Kwe cwiwPwZ : ˆmq` kvgmyj nK 27†k wW‡m¤^i 1935 wLªóv‡ã KzwoMÖvg kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Wv. ˆmq` wmwÏK nymvBb Ges gvZvi bvg ˆmq`v nvwjgv LvZzb| wZwb XvKv K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªK, RMbœv_ K‡jR †_‡K B›UviwgwW‡qU I XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡q wKQzw`b cov‡kvbv K‡ib| GKmgq †ckvq mvsevw`KZv‡K †e‡Q wb‡jI cieZx© mg‡q wZwb mve©¶wYK mvwnZ¨K‡g© wbgMœ †_‡K ˆewPÎ¨gq m¤¢v‡i evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K mg„× K‡i‡Qb| wZwb KweZv, Mí, Dcb¨vm I bvUK iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi wkï‡Zvl iPbvI i‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb GKz‡k c`K, evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vimn A‡bK mvwnZ¨-cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ : GK`v GK iv‡R¨, ˆekv‡L iwPZ cO&w³gvjv, AwMœ I R‡ji KweZv, ivR‰bwZK KweZv; Mí : kxZ we‡Kj, i³‡Mvjvc, Avb‡›`i g„Z¨, R‡jk¦ixi Mí¸‡jv; Dcb¨vm: e„wó I we‡`ªvnxMY; bvUK : z cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq, b~iyj`x‡bi mvivRxeb, Cl©v; wkï‡Zvl MÖš’ : mxgv‡š—i wmsnvmb|]

Avwg R‡b¥wQ evsjvq, Avwg evsjvq K_v ewj, Avwg evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi Pwj| Pwj cwjgvwU †Kvg‡j Avgvi Pjvi wPý †d‡j| †Z‡ivkZ b`x ïavq Avgv‡K, Ô†Kv_v †_‡K Zzwg G‡j?Õ Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ Ph©vc‡`i A¶i¸‡jv †_‡K| Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ mI`vM‡ii wWOvi eni †_‡K| Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ ˆKe‡Z©i we‡`ªvnx MÖvg †_‡K| Avwg †Z G‡mwQ cvjhyM bv‡g wPÎKjvi †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenvi †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj †Rvoevsjvi gw›`i-†ew` †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj e‡i›`ªf~‡g †mvbv gmwR` †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj AvDj-evDj gvwUi †`Dj †_‡K| Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ mve©‡fŠg ev‡iv f~uBqvi †_‡K| Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ ÔKgjvi `xwNÕ, Ôgûqvi cvjvÕ †_‡K| Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ wZZzgxi Avi nvRx kwiqZ †_‡K| Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ MxZvÄwj I AwMœexYvi †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj ¶zw`ivg Avi m~h© †m‡bi †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj Rqbyj Avi Aeb VvKzi †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_ †_‡K| G‡mwQ evOvwj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi †_‡K| Avwg †h G‡mwQ Rqevsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡K| Avwg †h G‡mwQ GKvË‡ii gyw³hy× †_‡K| G‡mwQ Avgvi †cQ‡b nvRvi PiYwPý †d‡j| ïavI Avgv‡K ÔGZ`~i Zzwg †Kvb †cÖiYvq G‡j?Õ Z‡e Zzwg eywS evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿wU †kvb bvB Ñ Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB|Õ GKmv‡_ AvwQ, GKmv‡_ euvwP, AvRI GKmv‡_ _vKeB Ñ me we‡f‡`i †iLv gy‡Q w`‡q mv‡g¨i Qwe AuvKeB|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

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kãv_© I UxKv : Avjc_ Ñ Rwgi mxgvbvi c_| GLv‡b nvRvi eQi a‡i evOvwj RvwZi c_ Pjvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q; Ph©vc` Ñ evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨-HwZ‡n¨i cÖ_g wb`k©b| nicÖmv` kv¯¿x †bcvj †_‡K Ph©vc‡`i cvÊzwjwc D×vi K‡ib| QqkZ kZvãx †_‡K GMvik kZ‡Ki g‡a¨ c`¸‡jv iwPZ n‡q‡Q| GB c`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖvPxb evsjvi AwZ mvaviY gvby‡li cÖvYgq Rxeb wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q; mI`vM‡ii wWOvi eni Ñ g½jKv‡e¨ Puv` mI`vM‡ii evwY‡R¨i K_v Av‡Q| Kwe Avgv‡`i e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z GB †jvKKvwnbxi AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvn Ñ AvbygvwbK 100-75 wLªóv‡ã gnxcv‡ji wei“‡× Abš—-mvgš—-Pµ wgwjZ n‡q †h we‡`ªvn K‡ib Zv-B Avgv‡`i BwZnv‡m ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvn bv‡g L¨vZ| GB we‡`ªv‡ni †bZv wQ‡jb ˆKeZ© m¤úª`v‡qi †jvK| Zuvi bvg w`e¨ ev w`‡e¦vK| evOvwj RvwZi we‡`ªv‡ni HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z GB we‡`ªv‡ni D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvjhyM Ñ 750 wLªóv‡ã †Mvcv‡ji ivR¨ kvm‡bi ga¨ w`‡q e‡½ cvjhy‡Mi m~Pbv nq| Zvici PvikZ eQi cvj es‡ki ivRZ¡ wU‡K wQj| G mgq wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i Amvgvb¨ weKvk mvwaZ nq| wPÎKjvqI GB mg‡qi mg„w× j¶‡hvM¨| Kwe Avgv‡`i wk‡íi mg„× HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenvi Ñ eZ©gvb bIMuv †Rjvi e`jMvwQ _vbvq cvnvocyi MÖv‡g GB cÖvPxb wenvi Aew¯’Z| 1879 mv‡j m¨vi Kvwbsnvg GB wekvj KxwZ© Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| wØZxq cvj ivRv kÖx ag©cvj‡`e (ivRZ¡Kvj 777-810 wLª.) GB wekvj wenvi ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| G‡K †mvgcyi wenviI ejv nq| c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo wenvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GwU Ab¨Zg| Kwe Avgv‡`i cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZ‡n¨i cwiPq w`‡Z cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenv‡ii D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| e‡i›`ªf‡g †mvbvgmwR` Ñ e‡i›`ªf‡g †mvbvgmwR` ~ ~ ej‡Z PuvcvB beveMÄ †Rjvq Aew¯’Z †QvU †mvbvgmwR`‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| eo †mvbvgmwR` fvi‡Zi †MŠ‡o Aew¯’Z| †nv‡mb kv‡ni (ivRZ¡Kvj 1493-1519 wLª.) Avg‡j GB gmwR`wU wbwg©Z nq| AmvaviY wkí‡mŠ›`h©gwÊZ ¯’vcZ¨Kg© wn‡m‡e †mvbvgmwR` Ab¨Zg| Kwe Avgv‡`i gymwjg HwZ‡n¨i mygnvb wb`k©b w`‡q GwU D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb; †`Dj Ñ †`evjq; mve©‡fŠg ev‡ivf~uBqv Ñ evsjvq cvVvb Ki&&ivbx es‡ki ivRZ¡ `ye©j n‡q co‡j Lyjbv, ewikvj, †mvbviMuvI, gqgbwmsn I kªxn‡Æ ¯^vaxb Rwg`vi‡`i DÌvb N‡U| 1575 mv‡j †gvMj m¤ªvU AvKei evsjv Rq Kivi ci GB ¯^vaxb Rwg`viMY Cmv Luvi †bZ…‡Z¡ HK¨e× n‡q †gvMj kw³i wei“‡× i“‡L `uvovb| BwZnv‡m GuivB ev‡ivf~uBqv bv‡g cwiwPZ| Guiv n‡jb Ckv Luv, Puv` ivq, †K`vi ivq, cÖZvcvw`Z¨, j²Y gvwYK¨ cÖgyL; Kgjvi `xwN Ñ ˆggbwmsn MxwZKvi GKwU cvjv; gûqvi cvjv Ñ ˆggbwmsn MxwZKvi GKwU cvjv; wZZzgxi Ñ PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi nvq`icyi MÖv‡g 1782 mv‡j gxi wbmvi Avjx Ii‡d wZZzgxi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb AZ¨vPvix Bs‡iRx I wn›`y Rwg`vi‡`i wei“‡× `xN©w`b msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| 1831 mv‡ji 19†k b‡f¤^i Bs‡iR evwnbxi m‡½ jovB K‡i wZwb kwn` nb| nvRx kixqZ Ñ nvRx kixqZDj−vn (1781-1840 wLª.) gv`vixcyi †Rjvi wkePi _vbvi mvgvBj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb `xN©Kvj g°vq Ae¯’vb K‡i Bmjvg ag© wel‡q AMva cvwÊZ¨ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb ag©‡K AvkÖq K‡i mKj Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× †mv”Pvi nb| Zuvi GB Av‡›`vjb‡K div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb e‡j| Gici wZwb Ave`yj Inve bvgK GK ag©ms¯‹vi‡Ki gZv`‡k© wek¦vmx n‡q Invex Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ nb| wZwb mvaviY gvbyl‡K a‡g©i cÖK…Z i~c I Zv‡`i AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| GQvov we‡`wk kvmb-†kvlY; Rwg`vi, †RvZ`vi I gnvRb‡`i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K gvbyl‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡ib| ¶zw`ivg Ñ ¶zw`ivg emy (1889-1908 wLª.) †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi †gŠewb MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ˆkke †_‡KB weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb| AZ¨vPvix g¨vwR‡÷ªU wKsm‡dvW©‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q fzjekZ `yBRb Bs‡iR gwnjv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| 1908 mv‡ji 11B AvM÷ GB gnvb wec−exi duvwmi Av‡`k Kvh©Ki nq| m~h© †mbÑ gv÷vi `v m~h© †mb (1893-1934 wLª.) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi ivDRvb _vbvi †bvqvcvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| AvRxeb

238

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wZwb weªwUk‡`i wei“‡× mk¯¿ hy‡× wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| 1930 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg‡K Bs‡iRgy³ K‡i ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| wKš‘ †ewkw`b Zv i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| 1934 mv‡ji 12B Rvbyqvwi Zuvi duvwm nq| RqbyjÑ Rqbyj Av‡ew`b (1914-1976 wLª.) wK‡kviM‡Äi †K›`yqv _vbvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ÔwkívPvh©Õ wn‡m‡e wZwb L¨vZ| †`kR BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi cUf~wg‡Z Zuvi wecyj wkíKg© iwPZ| `ywf©¶ ZvwoZ Rxeb I RM‡Zi Qwe Gu‡K wZwb Amvgvb¨ GK Rxeb-Z…òvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡k wkíKjv Av‡›`vj‡bi wZwb cw_K…Z| Aeb&&VvKzi Ñ Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1871Ñ1951 wLª.) KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb weL¨vZ wPÎwkíx| Z‡e wkïmvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡eI wZwb AmvaviY cÖwZfvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_ Ñ 1952 mv‡j ivóªfvlv evsjvi AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ G‡`‡ki gvby‡li i‡³ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q XvKvi ivRc_| Avi †mB ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mvd‡j¨i c_ a‡iB m~wPZ nq ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi Ñ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb (1920Ñ1975 wLª.) dwi`cyi †Rjvi (eZ©gvb †MvcvjMÄ) Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| evOvwj RvwZi wZwb Awemsevw`Z †bZv, RvwZi wcZv| Zuvi we¯§qKi cÖwZfv`xß †bZ…‡Z¡ `xN© msMÖv‡gi c_ AwZµg K‡i 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× Rqjvf K‡i| wZwb Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZxK, gyw³i cÖZxK, mg„w×i cÖZxK| Rqevsjv Ñ gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q RvZxq †¯−vMvb wn‡m‡e AmvaviY GK †cÖiYv mÂvix kãgvjv| GB †¯−vMvb HK¨ I msnwZi cÖZxK| cvV cwiwPwZ : ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki ÔwK‡kvi KweZv mgMÖÕ †_‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ kxl©K KweZvwU m¤úvw`Z AvKv‡i Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k AvR ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg GKwU †`k| AvZ¥gh©v`v‡eva m¤úbœ GB ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª I RvwZmËv cÖwZôvi cðv‡Z Av‡Q mg„× GK BwZnvm| ˆmq` kvgmyj nK Mfxi gg‡Z¡i m‡½ KweZvi Avw½‡K wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb mg„× †mB BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi cUf~wg| mnwRqvcš’x †eŠ× Kwe‡`i m„ó Ph©vc‡`i g‡a¨ evOvwj RvwZmËvi †h Amv¤úª`vwqK Rxeb‡ev‡ai cwiPq gyw`ªZ n‡q Av‡Q Ñ hy‡M hy‡M bvbv Av‡›`vjb, wec−e-we‡`ªvn, Avi gZv`‡k©i weKvk n‡Z n‡Z Avgiv G‡m †cŠu‡QwQ AvR‡Ki evsjvq| ˆmq` kvgmyj nK GB weeZ©‡bi wewPÎ euvK I †gvo Zvrch©gq K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| Puv`ÑmI`vM‡ii evwYR¨ hvÎv, ˆKeZ©we‡`ªvn, cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjv Av‡›`vjb, †eŠ×wenv‡ii ÁvbPP©v, gymwjg ag© I mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZi weKvk, ev‡ivf~uBqv‡`i DÌvb, gqgbwmsn MxwZKvi Rxeb, wZZzgxi Avi nvRx kwiq‡Zi we‡`ªvn, iex›`ªÑbRi“‡ji KvjRqx m„wó, e„wUk-we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, fvlv Av‡›`vjb Ges cwi‡k‡l e½eÜzi ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k Ñ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi g‡a¨ GB wecyj evsjv‡`k Abe`¨i~c jvf K‡i‡Q|

Abykxjbx Kg©-Abykxjb
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Avgvi cwiPq KweZvq D‡j−wLZ b`xi msL¨v KZ ? K. 1200 L. 1300 M. 1400 N. 1500

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2| ÔAvwg †Zv G‡mwQ Ph©vc‡`i A¶i¸‡jv †_‡KÕ Ñ GLv‡b ÔPh©vc‡`i A¶i¸‡jvÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb ? K. M. AZxZ HwZn¨ HwZnvwmK cUf~wg L. N. mvs¯‹…wZK i~c mvs¯‹…wZK cwiPq

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240

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[Kwe cwiwPwZ : Avj gvngy` 1936 wLªóv‡ã eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi †gvovBj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi cÖK…Z bvg gxi Ave`ym ïKzi Avj gvngy`| wZwb `xN©Kvj mvsevw`KZv †ckvi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb| c‡i wZwb evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges cwiPvj‡Ki c` †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| gyw³hy× Zuv‡K we‡klfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| ¯^vaxbZvi ci wZwb Ôˆ`wbK MYKÉÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wbhy³ nb| Zuvi KweZvq †jvKR k‡ãi mywbcyY cÖ‡qvM †hgb j¶Yxq †Zgwb i‡q‡Q HwZn¨cÖxwZ| Zuvi cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’ : †jvK †jvKvš—i, Kv‡ji Kjm, †mvbvjx Kvweb, gvqvex c`©v `y‡j I‡Vv, Avie¨ iRbxi ivRnuvm, eLwZqv‡ii †Nvov BZ¨vw`| K_vmvwnZ¨ : cvb‡KŠwoi i³, cvwLi Kv‡Q dz‡ji Kv‡Q Zuvi wkï‡Zvl KweZvi eB|]

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m„Rbkxj mKvj †_‡KB wSi wSi K‡i e„wó co‡Q| `ycy‡i e„wó gvÎv LvwbKUv †e‡o hvq| mÜ¨vi ci ïi“ nq `gKv nvIqv I Nb e„wó| iv‡Z Avevi ïi“ n‡jv cÖej e„wói, GB e„wó cÖej S‡o iƒcvš—wiZ n‡jv| GB S‡o †f‡O co‡jv, A‰ea m¤ú‡` M‡o IVv evwo| evwoi cv‡k LoKz‡Uvi evwo, wU‡bi evwo ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡j mvaviY gvbyl B‡Ui evwowU †f‡O covq Lywk n‡jv| K. L. M. N. ˆekvL Kx‡mi cvLv `yg‡o †k‡l AvQvo gv‡i ? ce‡bi Kv‡Q Kwe Kx wgbwZ K‡i‡Qb ? eywS‡q †jL| DÏxc‡Ki fvebv Ô†ev‡kLÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡QÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| ÔevowZ Zv‡`i evnv`ywi Myuwo‡q †d‡jvÕ Kwei GB fvebv DÏxc‡K cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ nqwb Ñ g~j¨vqb Ki|

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[Kwe cwiwPwZ : iwdK AvRv` 14B †deª“qvwi 1941 mv‡j Uv½vBj †Rjvi Rvwn`M‡Äi MyYxMÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv mvwjg DwÏb Lvb Ges gvZv iv‡eqv Lvb| wZwb 1959 mv‡j Uv½vB‡ji eªvþYkvmb D”P we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv Ges 1962 mv‡j †bÎ‡Kvbv K‡jR †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK cvm K‡ib| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1966 I 1967 mv‡j wZwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ mœvZK I mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb mvsevw`KZv, Aa¨vcbv I miKvwi PvKwi‡Z wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| †cÖg, †`ªvn I cÖK…wZwbf©i KweZvi GK Zvrch©cY© RMr wZwb m„wó K‡ib| Zuvi ~ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ : Am¤¢‡ei cv‡q, Pzwbqv Avgvi Av‡K©wWqv, mk¯¿ my›`i, nvZzwoi wb‡P Rxeb, cwiKxY© cvbkvjvq Avgvi ¯^‡`k, Aci Ai‡Y¨, wewiwkwi ce© BZ¨vw`| mvwn‡Z¨ Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb AvjvIj cyi¯‹vi Ges evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vimn A‡bK cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ nb]|

¯úk© KvZiZvgq GB bvg D”PviYgvÎ †hb †f‡O hv‡e, Aš—wn©Z n‡e Zvi cªK…Z gwngv, Ñ Pzwbqv GKwU MÖvg, †QvÆ Ñ wKš‘ †fZ‡i-†fZ‡i Lye kw³kvjx gviYv¯¿gq mf¨Zvi wei“‡× `uvov‡e| ga¨iv‡Z Pzwbqv bxie| Pzwbqv †Zv fv‡jvev‡m kvš—wmœ» c~wY©gvi Puv`, Pzwbqv cªK…Z †eŠ×-¯^fv‡ei wbwiwewj meyR cªK…wZ; Pzwbqv †hvRbe¨vcx g‡bvig Avw`evmx f~wg| Pzwbqv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv wnsmªZv `¨v‡Lwb| Pzwbqv ¸wji k‡ã AvuZ‡K I‡V wK ? cÖwZwU Mv‡Qi cvZv gbyl¨ckwi wnsmªZv †`‡L bv bv K‡i I‡V ? Ñ Pzwbqv gvbyl fv‡jvev‡m| e„¶‡`i mvnP‡h© Pzwbqvevmxiv cÖK…Z cÖ¯—v‡e Lye my‡L Av‡Q| Pzwbqv GL‡bv Av‡Q GB mf¨mgv‡Ri Kv‡iv-Kv‡iv g‡b, †KD-†KD GL‡bv †Zv †cv‡l ey‡Ki wbf…‡Z GK wbweo Pzwbqv| Pzwbqv ïkÖ~lv Rv‡b, Pzwbqv e¨v‡ÛR euv‡a, Pzwbqv mvš—¡bv ïay Ñ Pzwbqv KL‡bv Rvwb Kvi“‡KB AvNvZ K‡i bv; Pzwbqv meyR Lye, kvwš—wcÖq Ñ kvwš— fv‡jvev‡m, KvVz‡ii cÖwZ ZvB ¯úóZB Zxeª N„Yv nv‡b| Pzwbqv wPrKvi Lye AcQ›` K‡i,

244

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1| Pzwbqv MÖv‡gi ˆewkó¨¸‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| Pzwbqv Kx Lye AcQ›` K‡i ? K. dzj L. nwj M. mrfve N. gviYv¯¿ 2| Pzwbqv ˆbivk¨ev`x bq †Kb ? i. Avkvev`x e‡j ii. mf¨Zvi cÖwZ weiƒc e‡j iii. cwieZ©b cÖZ¨vkx e‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gaycyix cwj−wU AZ¨š— g‡bvigfv‡e M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| kni †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i Aew¯’Z e‡j †mLv‡b AgvbweK hvwš¿K †Kvjvnj †cŠuQv‡Z cv‡iwb| cÖK…wZi wbweo mvwbœ‡a¨ cï, cvwL I cÖvYx emevm K‡i| gv‡S g‡a¨ †mLv‡b kywUs n‡jI RvqMvwUi †mŠ›`h© I gwngv nvwi‡q hvqwb| 3| DÏxcKwU ÔPzwbqv Avgvi Av‡K©wWqvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Q ? K. ¯úk©KvZiZv L. mg„× M. GKwU MÖvgxY Rxeb N. cwieZ©bkxjZv 4| DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ fvewU ÔPzwbqv Avgvi Av‡K©wWqvÕ KweZvi †Kvb cO&w³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ? K. Pzwbqv †hvRbe¨vcx g‡bvig Avw`evmx f~wg L. Pzwbqv GL‡bv Av‡Q GB mf¨ mgv‡Ri Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡b M. GB bvg D”PviY gvÎ †hb †f‡O hv‡e, Aš—wn©Z n‡e Zvi cÖKZ gwngv Pzwbqv GKwU MÖvg … 1|

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DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : Rvwb †b †Zvi abiZb Av‡Q wKbv ivwbi gZb ïay Rvwb Avgvi A½ Ryovq †Zvgvi Qvqvq G‡m| K. L. M. N. Pzwbqvi meyR cÖK…wZ †Kgb ? Pzwbqv GL‡bv †Kb mf¨ mgv‡Ri Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡b Av‡Q ? eywS‡q †jL| DÏxcKwU ÔPzwbqv Avgvi Av‡K©wWqvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxcKwU ÔPzwbqv Avgvi Av‡K©wWqvÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡i wb Ñ g~j¨vqb Ki|

246

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¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jv wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y
[Kwe cwiwPwZ : wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y 1945 mv‡j †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvi Kvkeb MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv my‡L›`y cÖKvk ¸Y †PŠayix Ges gvZv exYvcvwb ¸Y| wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y 1962 mv‡j wm‡Kwc Bbw÷wUDkb, evinvÆv †_‡K gva¨wgK, 1964 mv‡j †bÎ‡Kvbv K‡jR †_‡K D”Pgva¨wgK Ges 1969 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K mœvZK cvm K‡ib| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki m~Pbv †_‡K eZ©gvb Kvj ch©š— wZwb KweZvq I M‡`¨ ¯^”Q‡›` m„Rbkxj n‡jI Kwe wn‡m‡eB wZwb L¨vZ| Zuvi KweZvq cÖwZev`x †PZbv, mgKvjxb mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi Qwe †hgb cÖLi, KweZv-wbg©v‡Y wkí-†mŠ›`‡h©i cÖwZI †Zgwb wZwb mRvM| wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y †ckvq mvsevw`K| Kve¨ mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb GKz‡k c`K, evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, Kwe nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb ¯§„wZ ¯^Y©c`K, RvZxq KweZv cwil` cyi¯‹vimn AmsL¨ cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ nb| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ : †cÖgvsïi i³ PvB, evsjvi gvwU evsjvi Rj, Pvlvf~lvi Kve¨, cÂvk mnmª el©; †QvUMí: Avcb `‡ji gvbyl| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv Dcb¨vm-Kv‡jv‡g‡Ni †fjv, evev hLb †QvU wQ‡jb|]

GKwU KweZv †jLv n‡e Zvi Rb¨ A‡c¶vi D‡ËRbv wb‡q j¶ j¶ Db¥Ë Aaxi e¨vKzj we‡`ªvnx †kÖvZv e‡m Av‡Q †fvi †_‡K Rbmgy‡`ªi D`¨vb ˆmK‡Z : ÔKLb Avm‡e Kwe?Õ GB wkï cvK© †mw`b wQj bv, GB e„‡¶ dz‡j †kvwfZ D`¨vb †mw`b wQj bv, GB Z›`ªv”Qbœ weeY© we‡Kj †mw`b wQj bv| Zv n‡j †Kgb wQj wkï cv‡K©, †e‡Â, e„‡¶, dz‡ji evMv‡b †X‡K †`qv GB XvKvi n„`q gvVLvwb ? Rvwb, †mw`‡bi me ¯§„wZ gy‡Q w`‡Z n‡q‡Q D`¨Z Kv‡jv nvZ| ZvB †`wL Kwenxb GB wegyL cÖvš—‡i AvR Kwei weiy‡× Kwe, gv‡Vi weiy‡× gvV, we‡K‡ji weiy‡× we‡Kj, D`¨v‡bi weiy‡× D`¨vb, gv‡P©i weiy‡× gvP©...| †n AbvMZ wkï, †n AvMvgx w`‡bi Kwe, wkï cv‡K©i iwOb †`vjbvq †`vj †L‡Z †L‡Z Zzwg GKw`b me Rvb‡Z cvi‡e; Avwg †Zvgv‡`i K_v †f‡e wj‡L †i‡L hvw”Q †mB †kÖô we‡K‡ji Mí| †mw`b GB D`¨v‡bi i~c wQj wfbœZi| bv cvK© bv dz‡ji evMvb,ÑGm‡ei wKQzB wQj bv, ïay GKLÊ ALÊ AvKvk †hiKg, †miKg w`Mš— c−vweZ

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G‡`‡ki Av‡Q KweZvi mg„× GK HwZn¨| wPi KweZvi †`k ej‡Z Kwe evsjv‡`k‡K eywS‡q‡Qb; evOvwj Abvh© RvwZ Ñ Avh©MY fvi‡Z Avmvi eû c~e© †_‡KB A‡bK RvwZi †jvK G‡`‡k emevm Ki‡Zb| Zviv Abvh© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| Avh©MY Abvh©‡`i N„Yvi †Pv‡L †`L‡Zb, AZ¨vPvi-AwePvi Ki‡Zb| Kwe evOvwj‡`iI Abvh© wn‡m‡e AvL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ evOvwjiv †h fxZz bq, `ye©j ev Kvcyi“l bq, eis ex‡ii RvwZ Kwe Zv‡`i GB HwZnvwmK I mvnmx cwiP‡qi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb; A Av K L eY©gvjv c‡_ c‡_Ñ evOvwji exiZ¡ Avi †kŠ‡h©i my`xN© BwZnvm Av‡Q| †mB BwZnv‡mi Zvrch©cY© Aa¨vq 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb| fvlvi Rb¨ evOvwji AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi mygnvb †cÖiYvi ~ c_ a‡i evOvwj RvwZ GwM‡q G‡m‡Q gyw³i c‡_, ¯^vaxbZvi c‡_| KweZvi GB As‡k Kwe Avgv‡`i fvlv †cÖ‡gi DÏxcbvgq wPÎKí wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb; N„Yvi KvZy©R Ñ KvZ©yR kãwU G‡m‡Q Kvi&&wUR kã †_‡K| Gi A_© n‡jv e›`y‡Ki †UvUv| N„Yvi KvZ©R ej‡Z Kwe evOvwj RvwZi we‡ùviY Db¥yL N„Yvi mw¤§jb‡K eywS‡q‡Qb; bxjKg‡jiv Rv‡M Ñ y bxjKgj A_© bxj i‡Oi cÙ| wKš‘ Kwe GLv‡b iƒcK_vi ivRKzgvi‡`i K_v e‡j‡Qb| Avi GB ivRKzgviMY n‡jb 71-Gi exi gyw³hy×v hviv †`kgvZ…Kvi gyw³i Rb¨ `xN©w`b ivZ †R‡M KvwU‡q‡Qb; KweZvi nv‡Z ivB‡djÑ K_vwU iƒcK A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡j evOvwj Kweiv KweZv‡KI hy‡×i A¯¿ wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb| A_©vr KweZvi gva¨‡gI cÖwZ‡iva I gyw³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q; Gevi ev‡Ni _vevÑ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i kw³kvjx AvµgY †evSv‡Z cÖZxKwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q; ivZRvMv wbe©vmb †k‡lÑ 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯—vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi Avµg‡Yi d‡j G‡`‡ki wecyj msL¨K gvbyl wf‡UgvwU Qvov nb| Zviv `xN© bq gvm wbR †`‡kB wKsev cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fvi‡Z wbe©vwmZ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| wKš‘ Zviv G Ae¯’v‡ZB M‡o †Zv‡jb cÖej cÖwZ‡iva| wbNy©g ivwÎ‡K Zviv DrmM© K‡ib wcÖq gvZ…f~wgi gyw³i j‡¶¨| GK mgq kÎ“‡K civwRZ K‡i Zviv wd‡i Av‡mb ex‡ii †e‡k| Av‡jvP¨ As‡k Kwe Zuv‡`i Mwe©Z cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb| cvV cwiwPwZ : Kwe Kvgvj †PŠayixi Ôa~wj I mvMi `„k¨Õ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i Aš—M©Z Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvwU Zuvi ÔKweZvmsMÖnÕ MÖš’ †_‡K msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b ejv n‡q‡QÑ fxZz I †f‡Zv e‡j hv‡`i AwfwnZ Kiv n‡qwQj, †m wg_¨vPvi e¨_© K‡i w`‡q evOvwj RvwZ Zv‡`i †kŠ‡h©i gwngvq Rq K‡i †bq ¯^vaxbZv| gyw³i cZvKv Zv‡`i nv‡Z| kÎ“i AvmywiK AvPiY, weKU Dj−vm Avi b„ksmZv ¯^í mg‡q civf~Z Kiv m¤¢e nq G †`‡ki gvby‡li g‡b Kve¨gq wmœ»Zvi m‡½ mvn‡mi B¯úvZ`„pZv Av‡Q e‡j| Abvw` AZx‡Zi msMÖvg, fvlvi Rb¨ i³`v‡bi BwZnvm gyw³hy×Kv‡j wQj evOvwji †cÖiYvi evwZNi| G‡`‡ki RbRxe‡bi wewfbœ euv‡K Av‡Q cÖwZ‡iva I msMÖv‡gi HwZn¨| MÖvgevsjvi gvbyl mgwš^Z msnwZ‡Z civf~Z K‡i Aïf kw³‡K| Avm‡j GmeB evsjvRbbxi cÖv‡Yi DËß ¯ú›`bRvZ, Zuvi gvwU †_‡K D‡V Avmv mvn‡mi †dvqvivøvZ| mg¯— evavweNœ AwZµg K‡i GB exi RvwZ weR‡qi cZvKv Dwo‡q wd‡i G‡m‡Q †`kgvZ…Kvi †µv‡o|

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1| ÔGK mvaviY hye‡Ki gyw³‡hv×v nIqv Ges hy×‡k‡l ¯^vaxb †`‡k wd‡i AvmvÕÑ GiKg cUf~wgi GKwU KweZv ev Kvwnbx †jL|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| evOvwji nv‡Z Kx D‡V‡Q? K. M. Kv‡¯— Rvj L. N. †MÖ‡bW jvwV

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

253

2| ÔbxjKg‡jivÕ Kviv ? K. M. cÖnixiv ü`qevb e¨w³MY L. N. mvnmxiv gyw³‡hv×vMY

DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : we‡`wk †mbvi Kvgv‡bÑey‡j‡U we× bvix wkï Avi hyeK-†Rvqvb e„× kÎ“ †mbviv nZ¨vi Awfhv‡b Ñ gyw³evwnbx cÖwZ‡iva DÌv‡b| 3| DÏxc‡K ÔRbbx mvnmx evsjvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q ? i. gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ‡iva ii. mvaviY gvby‡li AmnvqZ¡ iii. `xN©k¦vm wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. M. K. L. M. N. i iii L. N. ii ii I iii

4| DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi †Kvb cO&w³i m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© ? †Zv‡`i i³v³ nvZ gyP‡o w`‡qwQ bq gv‡m eywoM½v cÙv b`xZxi/WvKvZ c‡o‡Q MÖv‡g †fvR n‡e AvR cÖwZ‡kv‡a/hvi m‡½ †h iKg, †m iKg †Lj‡e evOvwj mvnmx Rbbx evsjv, ey‡K Pvcv g„‡Zi Av¸b|

m„Rbkxj hLb nvbv`viea msMx‡Z N„Yvi cÖej g‡š¿ RvMÖZ ¯^‡`‡ki ZiyY nv‡Z wbZ¨ †e‡R‡Q Aweivg †gwkbMvb, gU©vi †MÖ‡bW| K. L. M. N. ga¨iv‡Z Kviv G‡mwQj ? eY©gvjv c‡_ c‡_ †Zcvš—‡i Ny‡iwQj †Kb ? DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi Abyf‡ei m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©Ñe¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxc‡Ki fvebv Ômvnmx Rbbx evsjvÕ KweZvi mvgwMÖK cwiPq bqÑ g~j¨vqb Ki|

254

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

LwZqvb

iy`ª gyn¤§` kwn`yj−vn

[Kwe cwiwPwZ : i“`ª gyn¤§` kwn`yj−vn 16B A‡±vei 1956 mv‡j ewikv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 1974 mv‡j wZwb I‡q÷ GÛ nvB¯‹zj †_‡K GmGmwm Ges 1976 mv‡j XvKv K‡jR †_‡K GBPGmwm cvm K‡ib| AZtci 1980 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefvM †_‡K m¤§vbmn mœvZK I 1983 mv‡j mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| wZwb Ômw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK †RvUÕ I ÔRvZxq KweZv cwil`Õ MV‡b D‡j−L‡hvM¨ f~wgKv iv‡Lb| g~jZ ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv KweZvq D”PK‡É cÖwZev`x Kwe wn‡m‡e Zuvi Avwef©ve| GQvov evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×, †`kvZ¡‡eva, MYAv‡›`vjb I Amv¤úª`vwqK Rxeb‡ev‡ai AmvaviY GK Kwe i“`ª gyn¤§` kwn`yjvn| Zuvi − D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ : Dc`ªyZ DcK~j, wd‡i PvB ¯^Y©MÖvg, gvby‡li gvbwPÎ, †Qvej BZ¨vw`| MxwZKvi wn‡m‡eI wZwb RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡ib| 21‡k Ryb 1991 mv‡j iy`ª gyn¤§` kwn`yj−vni AKvj cÖqvY N‡U|]

ÔnvZ evov‡jB gy‡Vv f‡i hvq F‡Y A_P Avgvi k‡m¨i gvV fiv| †ivÏyi Lyu‡R cvB bv KL‡bv w`‡b, Av‡jv‡Z fvmvq iv‡Zi emyÜiv| †UvKv w`‡j S‡i cPv AvOy‡ji Nvg, a¯— ZLb gM‡Ri gv¯—yj bvwe‡Kiv †fv‡j wb‡R‡`i WvK-bvg †PvLRy‡o †dv‡U i³Revi dyj| †W‡K I‡Vv hw` ¯§…wZ‡fRv ¤−vb ¯^‡i, DovI bxi‡e wbf…Z iygvjLvbv cvwLiv wdi‡e c_ wP‡b wP‡b N‡i Avgvwi †Kej _vK‡e bv c_ Rvbv †UvKv w`‡j S‡i co‡e cyi‡bv ay‡jv †Pv‡Li †KvYvq Rgv GK‡duvUv Rj| Kvc©vm †d‡U evZv‡m fvm‡e Zy‡jv _vK‡e bv ïay wb‡ew`Z Zi“Zj RvM‡e bv ebf~wgi wm_v‡b Pvu` evwji kix‡i m‡d` †dbvi †Qvuqv co‡e bv g‡b AgxgvswmZ duv` AweKj i‡e i‡q‡Q †hgb †kvqv nvZ evov‡jB gy‡Vv f‡i hvq †c«‡g A_P Avgvi e¨vcK weinf~wg Qy‡U †h‡Z PvB c_ hvq cv‡q †_‡g †X‡K `vI †PvL AvOy‡ji b‡L Zywg| kãv_© I UxKv : emyÜiv Ñ c„w_ex; a¯— Ñ webvk, ¶qcªvß nIqv; gM‡Ri gv¯—yj Ñ gv¯—yj n‡”Q Rvnv‡Ri ev †bŠKvi cvj LvUv‡bvi LuywU| gM‡Ri gv¯—yj ej‡Z GLv‡b c‡_i wbkvbv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Kwe Zuvi c_ nviv‡bvi K_v eywS‡q‡Qb; †PvLRy‡o †dv‡U i³Revi dzj Ñ AwaK cwikÖg ev NygnxbZvi Kvi‡Y †PvLi i³eY© aviY Kiv| i³Rev dz‡ji is n‡jv UKU‡K jvj i‡³i g‡Zv| GLv‡b †PvL‡K i³Revi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q; wm_v‡b Ñ wkq‡i| gv_vi Dc‡i| ebf~wgi wm_v‡b Puv` ej‡Z Kwe e‡bi Dc‡i Puv`‡K eywS‡q‡Qb; m‡d` †dbv Ñ mv`v i‡Oi †dbv|

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

255

cvV cwiwPwZ : i“`ª gyn¤§` kwn`yj−vnÕi Ô†gŠwjK gy‡LvkÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K KweZvwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖYq Avi Abyiv‡Mi Av‡e`b wPiš—b| †mLv‡b gvbyl me©`vB wbf©iZv Luy‡R cvq, cvq †eu‡P _vKvi Avb›`| wb‡Ri cwic~Y©Zvi g‡a¨I cÖv_©wqZvi mvwbœa¨ gvbyl‡K Av‡iv FYx K‡i †Zv‡j| Ggb FYx n‡Z †m fv‡jvIev‡m| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv FY gvbyl‡K †eu‡P _vKvi †cÖiYv †`q Av‡iv| Pvwiw`‡K hLb Ae¶q, `y‡h©vM, nZvkv, cÖvK…wZK weiƒcZv ZLb †mB AbyivM ev cÖYq gvbyl‡K euvPvi ¯^cœ †`Lvq| gvbyl ZvB evi evi wd‡i Av‡m Zvi GKvš— g‡bi gvby‡li Kv‡Q| GB `~‡i hvIqv Ges wd‡i Avmvi we¯—…Z weeiY _v‡K gvby‡li RxebcvZvi cÖwZwU Q‡Î|

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1| ÔAvkª‡q wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ gvbyl K¬vš—-kªvš— c_ †cwi‡q P‡j Av‡mÕ GB †eva‡K DcRxe¨ K‡i GKwU iPbv wjL| †PvL Ry‡o Kx †dv‡U ? K. m‡l© dzj L. †Mvjvc dzj M. i³Rev dzj N. Muv`v dzj 2| Kwe Ôcyi‡bv ay‡jvÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb ? i. ¯§„wZ ii. kÖ“wZ iii. we¯§„wZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I iii DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ¯§„wZiv †cvnvq †ivÏyi, ¯§„wZiv †cvnvq †ivÏyi| Avgv‡`i c`‡iLv wcQ‡b †d‡j, Zviv †M‡Q AvR KZ`~i| wcQ‡b `yBcv †g‡j, ¯§„wZiv †cvnvq †ivÏyi| 3| DÏxc‡K ÔLwZqvbÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q ? K. ¯§„wZgqZv L. wein M. wb‡e`b N. k~b¨Zv 4| DÏxc‡Ki AbyfewU LwZqvb KweZvi †Kvb cO&w³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ? K. †ivÏyi Lyu‡R cvB bv KL‡bv w`‡b L. bvwe‡Kiv †fv‡j wb‡R‡`i WvK-bvg M. Avgvwi †Kej _vK‡e bv c_ Rvbv N. Qz‡U †h‡Z PvB c_ hvq cv‡q †_‡g 1|

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256

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨

m„Rbkxj bvB †Uwj‡dvb, bvB‡i wcqb, bvB‡i †UwjMÖvg| eÜzi Kv‡Q g‡bi Lei, †Kg‡b †cuŠQvBZvg| eÜz‡i †Zvi jvwM, ebevmx nBjvg| K. L. M. N. iv‡Zi emyÜiv Kx‡m fvmvq ? Ôwbf…Z i“gvjLvbvÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ñ eywS‡q †jL| DÏxcKwU LwZqvb KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K D‡b¥vwPZ K‡i‡Q Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| ÔA_P Avgvi e¨vcK weinf~wgÕ Kwei GB g‡bvfve KweZvq I DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÑ g~j¨vqb Ki|

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