...Mannerism and Baroque Western Governors University Literature, Arts and the Humanities: Analysis and Interpretation IWT1 May 8, 2013 Mannerism and Baroque If you study art history at any length, you will become aware of the many different periods and their individual characteristics. There are prime times throughout art history that the general populations can easily identify such as Renaissance or Impressionism. They might even be able to name a few of the artists or their artwork. As you delve further into the rich history of art, you start to notice many deviations in the style of artists who are transitioning into a new artistic period. At first look, you might not see the subtle difference in the art from the norm from that period. An overlooked period in art history is the period between the Renaissance and the Baroque periods, the Mannerism period. This period was actually a rejection of the High Renaissance era. Mannerism is the artistic period from 1520- 1600. The word mannerism is derived from the Italian word maneria, which means style or stylishness. “Art began to lose its momentum at the end of the High Renaissance, beginning of the Mannerism period because it coincided with a period of upheaval that was torn by the Reformation, plague, and the devastating Sack of Rome.” ("The National Gallery of Art," 2013, para. 2). One of the greatest reasons for the shift in artistic style is that the Catholic Church was in chaos. The Catholic Church...
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...Intro. * The Baroque is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, * Interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance and music. * The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. * The Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, What is Baroque Art? * Baroque art above all reflected the religious tensions of the age to reassert itself in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. * Was designed essentially to appeal to the growing aspirations of the merchant and middle classes * Baroque art tended to be large-scale works of public art, such as monumental wall-paintings and huge frescoes for the ceilings and vaults of palaces and churches. Baroque Architecture * Was designed to create spectacle and illusion. * The straight lines of the Renaissance were replaced with flowing curves, while domes/roofs were enlarged, and interiors carefully constructed to produce spectacular effects of light and shade. * Characterized by an emphasis on unity among the arts. * It was an emotional style, which, wherever possible, exploited the theatrical potential of the urban landscape - as illustrated by St Peter's Square (1656-67) in Rome, designed by architect, Bernini, Baroque Painting * Painters and sculptors built and expanded on the naturalistic tradition * The illusionistic effects of deep space interested...
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...Fundamental Concepts, Methods and Modes In the Humanities Imagination, Values, and Emotions Renaissance versus Baroque February 2014 The Renaissance era has been considered a time of move into the modern day. The term Renaissance means rebirth, and came from the French. The Renaissance started in Italy and extended throughout Europe between the fourteenth and seventeenth century. It was throughout the Renaissance that Europe saw many large social, scholarly and economic changes. Old-fashioned values of the Church were lost which in turn permitted artists the freedom and liberty to discover the human mind and body. The Renaissance era allowed art to progress far past conventional and traditional religious focus to imitate human feeling and realism in art. Although faith continued to be the core guidance during the Renaissance, the beginning and acknowledgment of human form, expression and scientific study became very lively inspirations within the arts. Renaissance art saw the rebirth of nature and the human figure. Sculpting and painting practices advanced greatly throughout the Renaissance. Artists started using different methods like laws of portion, physical appearance, the linear perspective, balance, and physical appearance. Main characteristics of Renaissance art included admiration and tribute to the human body and nature, realistic linear perspective and importance on the association of light and shadow. Some of the world’s...
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...European countryside was broken up into large estates owned by the wealthy nobles. Most people were peasants, who worked the land for the noble owners. All parts of life centered around religion mainly the Catholic Church which was very powerful. Throughout the Renaissance, the large estates were taken over by royalties like kings and princes and built strong kingdoms and national governments. The people began to move from the farm to the cities. The Protestant reformation weakened the Catholic Church and divided Christians into many different groups. (Renaissance Art. 2013). I believe the greatest milestones that came out of the Renaissance are was that of Art and Education. This was a period of rebirth of the classic ideas of ancient Greece and Rome, and at this time, there was a great deal of energy placed on man rather than God. Art of this time used new forms and techniques to show the ideas of this new age. The Art was focused on glorifying man. Renaissance artist were sought-after and gained fame during this period. Unlike the unknown artists of the Middle Ages, Renaissance artists were admired by emperors and popes. Painting was more realistic and favored portraits, landscapes and everyday scenes. In religious paintings of this time, the artists made the holy beings look like real people. Sculpting showed a new knowledge of the human body and its anatomy. Statues of this period were focal...
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...The Baroque (US /bəˈroʊk/ or UK /bəˈrɒk/) is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, and music. The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe.[1] The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement.[2] The aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumph, power and control. Baroque palaces are built around an entrance of courts, grand staircases and reception rooms of sequentially increasing opulence. However, "baroque" has resonance and application that extend beyond a simple reduction to either style or period.[3] The word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word "barroco", Spanish "barroco", or French "baroque", all of which refer to a "rough or imperfect pearl", though whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or some other source is uncertain.[4] The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition thought the term was derived from the Spanish barrueco, a large, irregularly-shaped pearl, and that it had for a time been confined to the craft of the jeweller.[5]...
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...The Baroque Era: Baroque was a popular style of architecture, sculpture, music, and painting in Europe from the mid-17th to the mid-18th century, particularly in the countries of the Catholic Reformation, including Flanders, Bohemia, and the Catholic states of Germany. Characterized by elaborate detail and dynamic movement, the baroque is often associated with excess, exaggeration, naturalism, and sensuality. The style was also encouraged by the Catholic Church because it emphasized religious themes in an emotionally charged and easily accessible fashion. The painter Peter Paul Rubens in Flanders and the sculptor Gianlorenzo Bernini in Rome were among the many baroque masters. Painting: A defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting is provided by the series of paintings executed by Peter Paul Rubens for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris (now at the Louvre), in which a Catholic painter satisfied a Catholic patron: Baroque-era conceptions of monarchy, iconography, handling of paint, and compositions as well as the depiction of space and movement. Baroque style featured "exaggerated lighting, intense emotions, release from restraint, and even a kind of artistic sensationalism". Baroque art did not really depict the life style of the people at that time; however, "closely tied to the Counter-Reformation, this style melodramatically reaffirmed the emotional depths of the Catholic faith and glorified both church and monarchy" of their power and...
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...The Baroque Period was the age of reason when minds and imaginations opened up new worlds of scientific knowledge as well as artistic creativity. (Fleming, 75) The Baroque era was a period of opulence and magnificence that gave off a powerful awe inspiring style that was full of flamboyant concepts and overall dramatic quality. From Venice, as well as from Rome and the centers where international mannerism flourished, the roads to Baroque art fanned out in all directions. The style of Baroque art was so diverse that it’s difficult to determine what classifies it as being art of the Baroque era. Although Baroque art has many diverse artistic manifestations there are certain general characteristics that appear in all three types of Baroque art. The Counter Reformation Baroque style focuses on astonishing and overpowering its audience. Art of this time was also enlisted in serving the purposes of the church militant. The Aristocratic Baroque style focuses on glorifying the position and asserting national power and prestige. The last style of the Baroque age, Bourgeois Baroque, was marked by the concentration on down-to-earth common people of the middle class. The individuality of each style of the Baroque period is visibly distinctive, yet similar in their own exclusive approaches. The Counter Reformation art, which focused on the command of the church, was created by the Jesuits in 154. It was also dynamic and religious due to the influence of the church. In Artemisia Gentileschi’s...
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...The Difference between Baroque Art and Renaissance Art By John Gramlick Trident University International The Baroque is a period and a particular style that was used to express motion with a clear interaction to detail that identified drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music. Baroque started on or about the 1600s in Rome, Italy and spread rapidly throughout Europe. Baroque’s style was a success with the Roman Catholic Church because it would be an art that would show life. There was a Roman Counsel in Trent that decided that this art would be displayed in every Roman Catholic Church. In addition the Protestant Reformation took Baroque art and decided that they would use this style in communicating religious themes that identified emotions. Baroque art also expressed triumphant power and control. Many of Baroques palaces were built around courts, grand staircases and reception rooms. Renaissance art was paintings and sculptures of a certain period in European history. This distinct style was started around the 1400’s which identified philosophy, literature, music and even science. This art was a rebirth of ancient traditions. The Europeans developed art with a scientific outlook. As the Renaissance art spread throughout Europe it impacted artist and patrons with the development of new techniques and artistic sensibilities. It also set the mark in change from the medieval times to the early modern times...
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...Baroque art and architecture is one of the major historical developments in Western art. Like other great styles, the baroque first found expression in architecture and spread from there to painting and sculpture and eventually even to music. It flourished from the latter half of the 16th century to the beginning of the 18th century, with its high-water mark probably being the decade from 1630 to 1640. In the past, some interpreters, especially in England and France, were inclined to consider the baroque as a mere perversion of the Renaissance style. This view, however, is now outdated, and in recent years there has been a widespread revival of interest in the baroque. The richness and variety of baroque forms make it difficult to characterize the style. All artistic styles contain certain contradictions, but the baroque is particularly full of them. The word baroque, of uncertain origin, was first used in the 17th century as a term of abuse to describe art that did not meet the "classical" rational standards. Some scholars believe the term "baroque" is derived from the Portuguese barroco (an irregularly shaped pearl), and indeed the essence of the baroque style is best described in a single word: irregular. The baroque, aptly called the art of the impossible, is characterized by movement. To some critics its main features are its ebullience, its ornateness, its somber pomp; to others, its dynamic character, its predilection for curves, its avoidance of clear outline and distinct...
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...ART 101 ART HISTORY Module 1- CASE The ideology and culture of the Renaissance and Baroque Eras are reflected in artwork from the eras. Renaissance art seems to the moment before an event took place and the Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich deep color, and intense light and dark shadows. Baroque artists chose the most dramatic point, the moment when the action was occurring. For example Michelangelo designed his David composed and still before he fights against Goliath. In Bernini's David in the Baroque era is caught in the motion of hurling the stone at Goliath. “Baroque art was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.” During the Renaissance Era, painters began to enhance the realism of their work by using new techniques in perspective. Their artwork represented three dimensions more realistically. Michelangelo's David was noted to be one of the greatest pieces of art to come from the Renaissance era. The 17 foot statue took Michelangelo almost five years to complete and now stands in the Galeria dell'Academia in Firenze, Italy. Michelangelo's five year of labor and hard work is now considered to be the "poster-child" of the Renaissance Art movement that started in the 14th century and lasted for a couple hundred years. The word Renaissance when used to describe the development of Western Civilization is defined as “rebirth or revival”. The era of Renaissance is considered to be...
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...Written Assignment Unit 4 University of the People Introduction Beginning of 15th century to the end of 18th century major improvement had been observed in world art history. This period is categorized in major 3 categories: renaissance period (1400 to 1600 AD), the baroque (1600 to 1700 AD), rococo (starting from 18th century to the end of 18th century). Advancement in science and technology was a great achievement during this period. This also influenced arts and architecture. New innovation changed art styles including art materials, form, shape and composition. This allowed eliminating of conventional method and context. At the same time new area and objects were discovered and incorporated. Scientific Knowledge and Renaissance Period. Renaissance started at the beginning of 15th century. Instead of old classical style, renaissance introduced realism. Old pagan style arts were dismissed and new styles were developed based upon popularity and quality. Artists applied their scientific knowledge and experience in their artworks. Many artists had multiple skills. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci was a painter, scientist, architect, sculptor and military engineer. In addition, Leonardo Da Vinci was identified as a “Renaissance Man “who played major role behind renaissance. Leonardo designed tank, parachutes, flying machine which were retrieved from his notebook, obviously outcome of his military knowledge. Similarly, Filippo Brunelleschi who was an architect...
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...Baroque Period In the years around 1600, music underwent rapid changes at the sophisticated courts and churches of northern Italy. The Baroque Period is a period of dramatic expression, of a vigorous, highly ornamented art. With new exciting resources, composers began to write motets, madrigals, and other pieces with new simplicity. This new style took over Italy and it spread out to most of Europe. The term Baroque means imperfect pearl which is used to describe its eccentric redundancy and noisy abundance of details, which sharply contrasted the rationality of the Renaissance. Back in the nineteenth century, the term was interpreted as overly ornamented or exaggerated. This emotional, and exaggerated fashion lead to a break down in the fluid of High Renaissance style. Many of the Baroque personalities from the first part of the period hail from Italy, including Monteverdi, Scarlatti, Corelli, and Vivaldi. Cantata, concerto, sonata, oratorio, and opera, were all forms identified with Baroque music originated from Italy. Although this period initialized in Italy, creating a national style, differences between nations are audible. There was a particular contrast of composition and performance between Italy and France. One of the major philosophical currents in baroque music comes from the Renaissance interest in ideas from ancient Greece and Rome. Both believed that music was a powerful tool of communication that could arouse emotion to its listeners. Their philosophy made...
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...The Renaissance and Baroque Periods Renaissance is a word of French origin and means new birth and is the name given to the period in which humans were inspired to throw away the constraints of the Middle Ages and experienced an awakening of the mind and a thirst for new knowledge. The Renaissance began in the early 15th century and is considered to be the beginning of modern history. The emergence of the Renaissance style coincided with new developments in philosophy, literature, music, and science (Renaissance, 2014). Humanist philosophy, an approach that emphasized the individual and the secular over religion, became extremely popular (MindEdge, 2014). The art of the Classical period was the foundation of Renaissance art. That tradition was transformed by the influence of recent developments and the application of newly discovered scientific knowledge. The integration of science into art was an important development. The social transformation that occurred during the Renaissance greatly influenced the arts. The change in the overall atmosphere contributed to artistic experimentation and innovation. Urbanization led to the accumulation of wealth in cities and allowed for patronage of the arts by other than the Church. The public became much more diverse with wider tastes and interests which created a new demand for a variety of artistic forms and content. Prior to the Renaissance, painting and sculpture were focused mainly on religious themes and were...
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...The Renaissance & Baroque Arts The Renaissance, also known as the period of “rebirth”, directly followed the Middle Ages. Some considered the Renaissance period as a bridge from the “Dark Ages” to the modern era or the “light”. This period in history lasted about four centuries—late 13th century to the early 17th century— featuring “a revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and learning” and introduced some of “the finest artists and intellectual achievements in the history of the Western humanities” such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo Buonarroti (MindEdge, 2013). Renaissance art is traced back to Italy where artists and scholars looked to the ancient Greco-Roman culture for inspiration by reviving the language, values, and traditions that were lost after “the fall of the Roman Empire in the sixth century” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Furthermore, Renaissance artists added individuality to their works through portraying “beauty and mystery of the natural world” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Most of the art produced during this time showcased religious imagery, completed mostly as Catholic Mass altarpieces. Artists around these times were sponsored by patrons of the arts such as The Catholic Church and affluent families such as the Medici family in Florence. Political permanence, growing wealth, and technological advancements are some of the social conditions that may have contributed to the arts of the Renaissance...
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...The Timken Museum in Balboa Park exhibits European and American art in open, spacious galleries. The rooms are airy and bare except for the paintings or tapestries featured on each wall, and one sculpture in the center room. The lighting is mostly provided naturally through large windows and skylights, and the walls are rose-colored with a textured, triangular pattern embossed. The Dutch Room gallery features portraits and landscape paintings of, among others, the accomplished Flemish artist and diplomat Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), who is characterized by art historians as the most prominent figure of the seventeenth century Flemish Baroque period. Portrait of a Young Man in Armor, ca. 1620, by Peter Paul Rubens, is painted with oil on...
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