...Purity of a substance report Create a report describing the factors that influence the purity of a substance. It is important that chemical substances are as pure as possible. This reduces the chances of unnecessary side-effects and helps ensure an accurate dose in each tablet/substance. The purity of a substance or compound can be established by using data from its melting point or boiling point and from thin layer chromatography. Impure compounds have a range of melting and boiling points, as different substances contain different things they will have different boiling and melting temperatures. Sometimes the different substances may interfere with each other’s melting and boiling points. However the pure compounds have definite boiling and melting points. The presence of an impurity usually lowers the melting point and raises the boiling point. The greater the amount of an impurity, the bigger the differences from the true melting point and boiling point. Thin layer chromatography is similar to paper chromatography, but instead of paper, a thin layer of power is coated onto the plastic plate or glass. Different types of powders and solvents are used; this depends on the type of substance being separated. The results of a pure substance should show that the substance produces just one spot on the plate and the distance travelled by the substance is identical to known sample of that substance on the same plate. Weighing, mixing, heating, cooling, filtration, washing and...
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...Substance Abuse By: Ashley Johnson Introduction People abuse different substance/drugs for many reasons. The toll for this abuse can be seen in our hospitals and emergency departments through direct damage to health by substance abuse and its link to physical trauma. Jails and prisons tally daily the strong connection between crime and drug dependence and abuse. Although use of some drugs such as cocaine has declined, use of other drugs such as heroin and "club drugs" has increased. A drug is any substance that crosses from the bloodstream into the brain and that somehow changes the way the brain is functioning. By this definition, some common substances such as alcohol, nicotine, and even caffeine are considered “drugs.” Drug abuse implies “willful, improper use due to an underlying disorder or quest for hedonistic or immoral please” (N. Miller, 1995). Substance abuse is “harmful use of one or more psychoactive substance” (Abadinsky, 2008). The term substance abuse describes abusive or harmful use of any substance; it also known as a chemical or drug abuse. Drugs can have the wrong effects on people especially when used improperly. Not only does drug abuse harm you but it also breaks up families. Statement of the Problem According to www.medicinenet.com, the term substance abuse describes abusive or harmful use in excess of any substances. A drug is any substance that crosses from the bloodstream into the brain and that somehow changes the way the brain...
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...Psychology and health issues with Substance Abuse Sherry Ramos Resurreccion HCA/250 03/02/2014 Tiffany Hanshaw Psychology and health issues with Substance Abuse A psychological education program that we have here in our community is a program at our local Hospital. Our local hospital Sutter Delta Hospital has a Substance Abuse program. They provide information about substance abuse and they work with the largest treatment center in Northern California called the Impulse Treatment Center. The Impulse Treatment Center provides resources such as where they can go for group therapy, extended care, long treatment care, and intensive out patient care. This program is not a free program however your insurance company may cover it. When deciding to use this program we should learn more about being a healthy and learning the signs of someone who is unhealthy and need treatment. When you are healthy, you are free from any sickness/illness, you feel good about yourself, and your body is physically fit. When you are healthy it also means that you feel positive mentally and physically. The relationship between health and Psychology go hand in hand because in order to have a healthy life you should be physically healthy but you should also feel mentally stable. If you are not mentally stable it will make an impact on your over all health. Some people who are psychologically not stable will become ill because they may decide that they do not want to eat, they seclude themselves from...
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...Substance Abuse Adiya Owens PSY/270 July 5, 2015 Mrs. Foley Each of the theoretical viewpoints known as sociocultural, biological, cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic can contribute to the causes of substance abuse. Therefore, with so many factors involved it definitely makes it difficult to pinpoint the one with most validity. As a result, there is no theoretical viewpoint that I agree with most. Firstly, the sociocultural view proposes that people are most likely to develop patterns of substance abuse or dependence when they live under stressful socioeconomic conditions. Secondly, the psychodynamic view suggests that people who abuse substances have powerful dependency needs that can be traced back to their earlier years. Third, the cognitive-behavioral views suggest that operant conditioning may play a key role in substance abuse. Whereas, behaviorist argue that the temporary reduction of tension or raising of spirits produced by a drug has a rewarding effect, which increases the likelihood that the user will seek this reaction again. Lastly, the biological view proposes that drug misuse may result from biological causes. Fortunately, many approaches to treat substance-related disorders exist. For example, psychodynamic therapy guides clients to uncover and work through underlying needs and conflicts that they believe have led to the disorder. While, behavioral treatment for substance-related disorders include aversion therapy, which is an approach based on the...
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...Daniel Lambus College Composition 1 Professor Raymond 06/27/2015 Substance Abuse, Assessment, and Addiction By Fischer, Allison G. Murati, Kristina A. Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2011 The article I choose to do is Substance Abuse. The reason I choose this article is because I can relate to to people that have addictions. I want to go into the field, and connect with adolescent and Adults and help them get on the road from addiction to the road of recovery. Drug dependence, or addiction, is a relapsing disorder characterized by the loss of control of drug intake, or compulsion to take the drug, associated with the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome after a discontinuation of its long-term use. Having an addiction from drugs is so complex that Doctors can’t give you a clear idea of why you have an addiction. The reason for that is because it can affect where you live. For instance someone who lives in a relatively low socio- economic have higher chances of becoming an addict. Versus someone who has a stable job, is financially stable from the author and my own personal opinion I can tell you the turning point to have the drug become an addiction is when you can’t stop taking it. As well as relapsing from the side effects of the drug, which is trying to get out of your system and that is where you feel that need to want the drug. Being addicted to drugs can neurologically mess someone up in the mind. People take these drugs for the pleasure of the feeling that they...
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...Substance Abuse Treatment Substance abuse is considered a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested in a twelve month period by at least one of four criteria: (1) recurrent substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school or home (e.g., poor performance at school or work, neglect of children or younger siblings); (2) recurrent substance use in hazardous situations (e.g., driving while intoxicated); (3) recurrent substance-related legal problems (e.g., DUIs); and (4) continued substance use despite having recurrent interpersonal problems related to substance abuse (e.g., arguments with family members about consequences of intoxication) (Sussman, Skara, Ames, 2008). The most commonly abused substances include alcohol, tobacco, and illegal and prescription drugs. Often times, a user will develop an addiction to one of these substances. When an individual abuses a substance or develops an addiction, and require the use of a rehabilitation service, he or she may either be voluntarily or involuntarily admitted, such as through the Department of Corrections or drug courts. Substance abuse treatment has proven to be a successful rehabilitation tool. Empirical evidence has shown that substance abuse treatment is a cost effective method for addressing substance abuse and that treatment is effective in limiting substance abuse, criminal activity, and improving quality of life outcomes...
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...Substance abuse The 5th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) combines substance abuse and substance dependence to mean the same thing (American Psychiatric association, 2013). Substance abuse refers to the habitual non-medical substance seeking, and the substance taking behavior which is suppression or resistance through its pharmacological consequences. Substance abuse may therefore include the use of alcohol, abuse of cigarettes, food, sniffing of solvents or even the abuse of nicotine and caffeine (Nordegren, 2002). Substance abuse has been taken to generally refer to the use of hard drugs such as cocaine and marijuana. Every year, United States spends billions of dollars on increased health care cost, low productivity and increase in crimes. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, substance abuse costs United States 524 billion dollars a year of which 181 billion dollars is as a result of illicit drugs. Given the huge expense, there is therefore a need to understand the physical, social and psychological effects that substance abuse presents, analyze the factors contributing to substance abuse, examine the range of interventions used, and examine how managing substance abuse is influenced by cultural, legal, as well as political issues. Though at times substance abuse is completely something that an individual may pick from nowhere, there are some risk factors which may play a significant role in an individual’s substance abuse...
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...of, and Treatments for Adolescent Substance Abuse Substance abuse is no stranger to today’s society. In fact, substance abuse has been an issue for many, many years now. A somewhat recent issue with substance abuse is that adolescents are becoming more involved. Teenagers, in particular, are more vulnerable to experiment with drugs and alcohol. With adolescents being introduced to such harmful substances it can lead to many problems. Not only does substance abuse pose issues with social problems, it also poses issues with educational issues, and it may even lead to death. While there are many problems with adolescent substance abuse, there are ways to solve this prevailing issue. Toddlers and young children are completely dependent on their parents while teenagers are going through different phases in which they are trying to transition into adulthood. Often detrimental stimuli are being introduced and adolescents are more prone to be susceptible to give in peer pressure because the judging process within the brain is not fully developed. (Kirst-Ashman, 2013). With this being said, the actions of teenagers are mainly based on the people that they hang out with. Therefore, if teenagers are around other teenagers that are smoking, drinking, or using other substances then they are more likely to try those substances as well. While a teenager’s peers have a lot to do with the actions they take other factors can lead to substance abuse too. Gangs have been a huge...
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...research, and conclusions on the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programs are numerous. However, there does not appear to be a single answer or even a manageable set of solutions for how to effectively and efficiently treat those suffering the ill effects of substance abuse. This paper aims to make the case that the most effective way to deal with this problem is to attack it at the source, by trying to eliminate, or at the very least disrupt, the supply of illicit drugs available for purchase and consumption. The attempt to make this case is done by pointing out the mixed results of previous substance abuse treatment programs and by using systems theory to explain why the complexity of treatment options makes it difficult to accurately evaluate such programs. The Economic Impact on Substance Abuse The effect of substance abuse on the United States economy is astronomical. Consider that in 2004, almost a tenth of the nation’s population ages 12 and older were classified with substance abuse or dependence disorders (Morgan & Crane, 2010). The issue is so complex, in fact, it is nearly impossible to put an accurate price tag on the impact. If one focuses solely on the economic impact of this epidemic, one would have to calculate numerous costs. People who abuse and are addicted to illicit drugs spend hundreds and thousands of dollars to feed their habit, which is money that could be spent in more productive ways. Substance abusers often steal to fund their habit, which...
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...A substance abuse counselor is a recovery system for individuals with drug and alcohol problems, mental disorders and other behavioral issues. They counsel individuals on how to change their behavior with the motivation of a full recovery. The most troubling thing is clients are susceptible to relapses, most substance abuse counselors work with clients for years. Some of the day to day responsibilities of a substance abuse counselor vary because of the threat of each client threat of relapse. One of the things I would truly want to know about Counseling is the negative aspect of Counseling. Some of the things I learned, was when you see a friend or family member enter the facility, it can become uncomfortable for the client as well as the counselor....
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...Adolescent Substance Abuse Isaiah.R 3/27/14 In society today, a common problem among teenagers is the use of drugs. Teen age years are probably the most challenging periods of life. It is a stage of finding yourself versus confusion of knowing oneself. Belonging and being accepted in a group seems to be very important, as well as being “cool”. Troubled, teens turn to things such as drugs to help Suppress or ease the emotional/mental pain of things such as the common rejection. During these years of maturing, teenagers encounter their share of positive and negative experiences. Peer pressure, curiosity, and the availability of drugs are some of the factors that youthful and vulnerable teenagers have to cope with in their young lives. One of the significant reasons for teenage drug use is peer pressure, particularly from the influences among friends, acquaintances, school, and the media. If a teenager’s main social group is using drugs, then there is a strong pressure due to the fact that drugs are present and can easily be offered. Also, the person might get convinced to think that there is nothing wrong with trying drugs because “everybody else is doing it.” In the effect that teenagers will try drugs just to fit in the social norms, they might do it to impress their buddies to be considered “cool” as part of being in the group and gain acceptance by friends. The issue of using drugs is everywhere in this country and around the world. It’s available and accessible...
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...Introduction The Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Center (S.A.P.T.C) is a confidential service geared towards providing clients with an avenue to seek professional assistance in resolving addiction problems. The North Central Regional Health Authority (N.C.R.H.A) is responsible for the most populated area of Trinidad and Tobago and is therefore charged with the awesome responsibility of safeguarding the welfare of approximately 500,000 individuals. Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Center is a mental health service which is under the umbrella of St. Ann’s Hospital. The government provides treatment of drug/ alcohol dependent patients, in-house and through clinics. Agency Background What is Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment...
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...Controlled Substance Prescription The inappropriate use of controlled substance (CS) particularly opioid analgesics is alarming and has been associated with illnesses and deaths across the globe. Although most are prescribed for genuine reasons and taken in responsible ways, there is considerable over-prescription, particularly of pain medications known as opioids. Coincidentally, the opioid is not the only drug being abused and overly prescribed. Antidepressants, stimulants, and tranquilizers fall into this category; just to mention a few. The increase in prescriptions of these medications has been linked to the frequency of abuse (Chen et al., 2014). According to the latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health provided by the Substance...
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...NEW RESEARCH Does ADHD Predict Substance-Use Disorders? A 10-Year Follow-up Study of Young Adults With ADHD Clancey Bateman, Timothy E. Wilens, B.A., M.D., MaryKate Martelon, M.P.H., Gagan Joshi, M.D., Ronna Fried, Ed.D., Carter Petty, M.A., Joseph Biederman, M.D. Objective: High rates of substance-use disorders (SUD) have been found in samples of adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Predictors of SUD in children with ADHD who are at risk for the development of SUDs remain understudied. The main aims of this study were to identify clinically meaningful characteristics of children that predicted the future development of SUDs and to see whether the role of these characteristics varied by sex. Method: Subjects were children and adolescents with (n 268; mean age standard deviation 10.9 3.2 years) and without (n 229; mean age 11.9 3.3 years) DSM-III-R ADHD followed prospectively and blindly over a 10-year follow-up period onto young adult years. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews for psychopathology and SUDs. Results: Over the 10-year follow-up period, ADHD was found to be a significant predictor of any SUD (hazards ratio 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.02; p .01) and cigarette smoking (2.38; 1.61–3.53; p .01). Within ADHD, comorbid conduct disorder (2.74; 1.66 – 4.52; p .01) and oppositional defiant disorder (2.21; 1.40 –3.51; p .01) at baseline were also found to be significant predictors of SUDs...
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...1. Cover page 2. What is substance use 3.Drug Use Any taking of a psychoactive Can be experimental ,or recreational 4.Abuse Substance abuse disorders: a maladaptive use of chemical substances leading to clinically significant outcomes or distress . . Substance induced disorders: manifesting the same symptoms as depression and/or other mental health disorder, which symptoms, the direct result of using the substance, will cease shortly after discontinuing the substance. 5.Dependancy Substance dependency disorders loss of control over how much a substance is used once begun, manifested by seven symptoms: • tolerance, • withdrawal • using more than was intended • unsuccessful efforts to control use • a great deal of time spent obtaining and using the substance • important life activities given up or reduced in order to use the substance • continued use despite knowing that it causes problems 6. Drug Facts 7. Did you know? Drug types ; Alcohol Marijuana Cocaine Mushrooms Inhalants LSD Hashish Heroin Crystal meth 8. Little Johnny 9. Developmental Theory’s Attachment Theory-Bowlby Peers or Parents ? Drugs or Hugs ? Social Learning Theory- Bandura Monkey see , Monkey do! Humanistic Theory- Maslow Without the chicken, there is no egg! 10.Guest speaker (video) 11. Ecological model picture 12. Relationship changes with peers New and/ or Older friends Phone calls Abrupt ...
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