...MARKING GUIDE TOPIC: NURS 3005/NURS3005A Child and Family Health Stream ASSESSMENT 2: Essay – Exploring a Child and Family health Issue: Topic 1 2 3 Performance standard Assessment criteria Good Satisfactory Evidence of core work, at a high level through: Evidence of core work of the assignment through: - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement - the significance of lifespan development.. - the significance of lifespan development. - the significance of lifespan development. - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement Limited rationale -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. -addressing support services or health promotion information. 65% Excellent Evidence of core work, at an advanced level through: Written content Weighting -addressing support services or health promotion information. -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. - the significance of lifespan development. Not addressed -addressing support services or health promotion information. -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. Not addressed ...
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...Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is defined as “an unspecified medical entity: the sudden and unexpected death of a reasonably healthy child, whose passing away remains uncertain following the performance of an adequate assessment of medical history, autopsy, and death scene examination”(Valdes-Dapena,1979). SIDS is one of the predominately-unsolved problems of infancy. The number of infants who die each year of SIDS is greater than the number of children who die of pneumonia, child abuse, AIDS, cancer, heart disease, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy combined (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2007). Even though SIDS is not predictable or 100% preventable, there are prevention tips, guidance, and support for those that have been affected by this tragedy. The tragic loss of a child to SIDS weighs heavily on the minds of all parents. One thought that offers a little comfort to parents who have suffered such a loss is that there appears to be no suffering. In most SIDS cases, death occurs rapidly and during sleep. According to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), “SIDS is the prevalent cause of death during the first year of life with a rate of roughly two per every thousand births.” SIDS could possibly have more than one cause, though the final process appears to be associated in the majority of cases. Though it is unknown what causes SIDS, it is known...
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...Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for SIDS Maternal and perinatal risk factors for Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) speaks about a study that identified the Newborn screening card of 120 confirmed SIDS cases and 240 matched healthy infants’ controls. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant under the age of one in most cases the cause of the death remains unexplained with an autopsy. SIDS is the leading cause of death in the United States of post neonatal. Age two and three months are the peak ages of SIDS. SIDS does not have any known symptoms or warning signs. Babies who die of SIDS are relatively healthy before being put into their beds. Infants shows no signs of struggle and are often found in the same position as when they were placed in the bed. This journal shows the reader difference between maternal and perinatal risk factors for SIDS. The journal focus more on the maternal and perinatal risk that could possibly be the cause of SIDS. The background of this article gives information on maternal risk factors how the mothers who lack education, used drugs while pregnant, lack of breast feeding, cigarette smoking, mothers not married and mothers age less than 20 years of age for their first pregnancy is at a higher risk factors for SIDS. The article also goes into details about the perinatal risk factor for SIDS. Just a few risk factor was listed in the journal such as, Anemia, Low weight gain during pregnancy, urinary tract infection...
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...Sudden infant death syndrome Crib death; SIDS Last reviewed: August 2, 2011. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected, sudden death of a child under age 1 in which an autopsy does not show an explainable cause of death. Causes, incidence, and risk factors The cause of SIDS is unknown. Many doctors and researchers now believe that SIDS is caused by several different factors, including: Problems with the baby's ability to wake up (sleep arousal) Inability for the baby's body to detect a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood SIDS rates have dropped dramatically since 1992, when parents were first told to put babies to sleep on their backs or sides to reduce the likelihood of SIDS. Unfortunately, SIDS remains a significant cause of death in infants under one year old. Thousands of babies die of SIDS in the United States each year. SIDS is most likely to occur between 2 and 4 months of age. SIDS affects boys more often than girls. Most SIDS deaths occur in the winter. The following have been linked to a baby's increased risk of SIDS: Sleeping on the stomach Being around cigarette smoke while in the womb or after being born Sleeping in the same bed as their parents (co-sleeping) Soft bedding in the crib Multiple birth babies (being a twin, triplet, etc.) Premature birth Having a brother or sister who had SIDS Mothers who smoke or use illegal drugs Being born to a teen mother Short time period between pregnancies ...
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...There are many dangers to an unborn child that can follow them the rest of their lives from maternal smoking. Many studies and significant research shows smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of a long list of problems. Still birth is the most common complication, but placental dysfunctional, premature labor and low birth weight are also problems that can harm the fetus. Over 40% of children studied also had some form of heart defect. Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy has also been linked to SIDS. Birth defects such as cleft palate and cleft lip can be caused from smoking while pregnant as well as your child being diagnosed with asthma. Speech defects as well as behavioral problems such as ADD/ADHD also play a role in maternal smoking. No one would give an infant a cigarette, so why would we while carrying our child smoke? Smoking during pregnancy can harm both the baby and the mother. Most would do anything to protect their child. Yet many women, who feel this way, continue to smoke while pregnant, insisting that the dangers are non-existent. In reality, there are many dangers to an unborn child that can follow them for the rest of their lives, if they survive gestation, and birth. Miscarriages, low birth weight, premature labor, and organ defects are just a few things that can plague the child of a smoking mother. There are many studies, and significant research that shows smoking while pregnant increases the risk of a long list of problems, that may...
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...Thesis: While bed sharing may not work for every family it is important for child experts to recognize the value which co sleeping may offer. 1. Introduction A. Numerous studies presented by experts of excellent reputation suggest that not only is sleeping with your baby safe, but it is actually much safer than having your baby sleep in a crib. Research shows that infants who sleep in a crib are twice as likely to suffer a sleep related fatality including SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) than infants who sleep in bed with their parents. (Gruber,Sobralske, pg.54) B. Almost everyone can relate to co-sleeping, whether you are a parent now or will become one the immediate future. 1. Sleeping with your newborn is beneficial for both parents and their baby. 2. We all could have at one time or another slept beside our parents as infants and have no recollection. C. I have shared the family bed with all three of my daughters’ believing that it was the best choice in my situation. 1. I know from experience how beneficial sleeping beside your newborn can be. D. Despite numerous negative views some people have on this controversial topic, co-sleeping can have many positive attributes that are often ignored. 1. A few examples would be; breast feeding is more convenient resulting in getting more sleep, mother and baby have a better bonding experience, and it could help reduce the risk S.I.D.S. Transition: To begin, let us get into more detail why these...
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...all? In most cases many people state that training starts in the home and what, but a good way to start with none other than our children. So why not consider breast milk? Breast milk is the nutrition of choice for human infants (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005) Breastfeeding can start as soon as the child is born. With the protection of breast milk the overall focus on disease, illness and sickness would be half the battle. Breast milk provides many benefits and the dietary influence it has on disease is too great to be compared to. Being a new mother for the first time can be very stressful in the beginning. There are many things to do before the baby is before. A new mother has to make many choices that will affect the newborn. Many of those choices will be more challenging than others. Some of the decisions the mother and father have to make before the baby is born can include, which hospital will they deliver, who will be the babies physician, what kind of diapers, will the baby sleep with the parents or her own crib. So many decisions to make but one important thing that will have a huge effect on a newborn is feeding. What will the parent’s decide? Formula or Breast milk? I believe that the best choice for feeding a newborn is definitely breast milk because there are many benefits for the baby when it comes to breast-feeding. More new mothers choose to breastfeed because of the benefits it has for the newborn. Hormones in breast milk aid the infants gastrointestinal...
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...Physical Development: Age 0–2 Infants (birth to age 1) and toddlers (ages 1 to 2) grow quickly; bodily changes are rapid and profound. Physical development refers to biological changes that children undergo as they age. Important aspects that determine the progress of physical development in infancy and toddlerhood include physical and brain changes; development of reflexes, motor skills, sensations, perceptions, and learning skills; and health issues. The first 4 weeks of life are termed the neonatal period. Most babies weigh between 5 1/2 and 10 pounds, and are between 18 and 22 inches long. Male babies are generally slightly heavier and longer than female babies. Neonates born weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds are of low birthweight. Infants who arrive before their due date are preterm or premature, and these babies may or may not have a low birthweight. Babies who arrive on or shortly after their due date are full‐term. Infants who arrive 2 or more weeks after their due date are postmature. Both premature and postmature babies are at higher risk of complications such as sickness, brain damage, or death, than are full‐term babies. Physical growth is especially rapid during the first 2 years. An infant's birthweight generally doubles by 6 months and triples by the infant's first birthday. Similarly, a baby grows between 10 and 12 inches in length (or height), and the baby's proportions change during the first 2 years. The size of an infant's head decreases in proportion...
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...Canada's Untouchables! Perri Klass is a young doctor who is just out of medical school in the United States. In her story India (2005), she talks about coming face to face with the grim realities of poverty and poor health in the third world; she compares them to her experiences in the first world. Klass implies that the health issues in India do not exist in North America. She states that in her world, where she got her medical training, "all children are supposed to grow up" with only a few exceptions to the rule (p.104). My intent is to confirm that Canada has a similar group of people living in poverty and poor health, and that the problems of India exist in our first world country too. I will do this by identifying the poorest people of each country and show how each group suffers from social and economic exclusion. I will also clarify how the health of each group suffers, and demonstrate how these groups are marginalized. Social exclusion can be defined as, 'the process through which individuals or groups are wholly or partially excluded from full participation in the society within which they live' (Thorat, 2007, n.p.). Dalits (formerly known as the 'Untouchables'), of India and most of the Natives (ironically, they are also known as North American Indians) of Canada live under adverse conditions and poverty. In India the Dalits are the poorest of the poor. They have been kept from getting an education and from possessing land. They are left to do the heavy manual...
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...covers a history longer than expected from human race which is understood as killing of unwanted children of different age groups by fathers and mothers, earlier than it was ever reported in front of legal authorities. It is advocated by the historians that killing of children known as infanticide was practiced more often before modernization and early social life. These periods were the one in parts of the world where social conditions of the world included women to be employed as servants, shame attached to the unwed mothers, no control over fertility and high infant mortality. After the 50s of the 16th century, the criminal activities performed by the poor, the sexual activities of women and the burden of financial support for illegal children all combined moved to prosecution for bastard acts, adultery and crimes of such charge to royal courts from churches. Several studies were conducted regarding the causes of deaths convicted by the mother till 1922, when it was medically observed as to how the psychology affects the mind of the mother to perform such crime. The first medically proved model was adopted in the Infanticide Act 1922 which states that the mother which gave birth to the child is not recovered fully from the psychological conditions of the mother was found to be disturbed due because of the pains of delivering the child. In such condition, the mother is said to be charged of infanticide which is other than murder. Soon, it was observed that this act of restricting...
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...Abstract The specific aim of this paper is to identify the effect of swaddled infants in the management of symptoms during painful procedures. A broad research for five scholarly articles began with an on-line search of State College of Florida’s library, where links to Cochrane, Ebsco, Google Scholar and PubMed were accessed. A Boolean search began with infants, swaddling and pain, with filters that included full-text, in English, free articles, and articles less than five years. Key words included swaddling, infant pain, heel sticks, painful procedures, neonates, facilitated tucking and infant care during painful procedures. Many of the articles required a fee to access the article. Continual searches on Google Scholar finally obtained five scholarly articles. The ancestral search proved the most fruitful in obtaining five strong sources of research, each rated at an evidence level of one. Overall, the studies used in this paper supported the theory and PICO question that swaddling infants during painful procedures manages symptoms and even decreases infants’ pain. Even more favorable is that swaddling (for infants less than three months of age) is recommended for clinical practice as a cost-effective, non-pharmacological, non-invasive, evidence-based method that is easy to teach and implement and offers comfort to tiny infants! Introduction Swaddling, also known as infant-wrapping, binding, bundling or facilitated tucking, is a customary newborn technique that is utilized...
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...Research Critique, Part 1 Problem Statement Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. The clinical problem being examined in the research study are the three main factors that influenced mother’s decision to formula feed their babies in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada. Breastfeeding has numerous health benefits However, in practice, many women choose not to breastfeed instead replace their breast milk with infant formula milk. In 2010, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada breastfeeding had dropped to 64.0%( Canada Statistics). While health risks raises in babies with formula feeding, a significant percentage of mothers are reluctant to change their infant feeding behaviors and decided to continue with formula-feed. In some regions of the province, the rate of breastfeeding is very low due to mother resistance and commitment to infant feeding method. Despite increased breastfeeding promotion and support initiatives, mothers still prefer formula feeding over breastfeeding. There is not sufficient proof that mothers’ decisions to formula-feed due to personal factors. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? The study indicates that women decision to formula-feed their infants due to a lack of support from their mothers, and partners. In addition, decision to formula-feed also influenced by convenience and...
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... I began co-sleeping with each of them at birth. It made life much easier during the infant phase of their lives. But that phase has been long gone. I believe that I was able to bond even more with my children through co sleeping. But now I find myself too often tired and unable to concentrate on tasks. While parents who co sleep feel closer to their children, co sleeping is a common issue for parents. Co sleeping has become one of the most common hot topics amongst parents. Ninety percent of the world’s population practice co sleeping (Netherwood, 2006). ‘‘Some parents will tell you that co sleeping can be a cozy, manageable comfort for a family’’ (Redbook, Oct2010). Whether it is a newborn or toddler, more parents are sharing beds with their children. ‘‘Research shows that eighty percent of babies share their parents’ bed at some time in the first 6 months of life’’ (Australian Parents, Dec2006/Jan2007). Co sleeping with school aged children is more common also. It is estimated that about fifteen percent of families have children ages 5 and up that share their bed for part or all of the night (Redbook, Oct2010). One of the most important reasons co sleeping is a common issue for parents are safety concerns. As I mentioned earlier, I have had a few busted lips and bruised body parts. But more importantly, the connection between co sleeping and SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) continue to be a major argument for those against co sleeping (Australian Parents, 2006)...
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...leading cause of death in infants 1-12 months of age. * 2,226 infants died from SIDS in the US in 2009. * An UNSAFE sleep environment contributed to 87% of SIDS deaths. * Tummy sleeping in a soft bed increases incidence of SIDS 21% Sudden Infant Death Syndrome More than just Back to Sleep Education & Resources * Arizona Dept Health Services Bureau of Women and Children 150 N. 18th Avenue Suite 320 Phoenix, AZ 85007 602-542-1875 * Phoenix Children’s Hospital 2401 E. Thomas Road Phoenix Arizona 85014 602-933-1000 * National Institute of Health HICHD/BTS – SIDS Kit 31 Center Drive Rm. 2A32 Bethesda MD 20892-2425 1-800-505-CRIB * On the Web: SIDS Resources www.sidsresources.org * * Laurie Bell CJ Foundation for SIDS (2012). Risk Factors. Retrieved from: http://www.cjsids.org/resource-center/risk-reduction-strategy.html Hunt, C. & Hauck, F. (2006) .CMJA, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475900/ National Institute of Health (2012) Retrieved from: www.nichd.nih.gov/.../sudden_infant_death_syndrome.cfm Phys.Org (2008). Using a Fan During Sleep Lowers SIDS Risk by 72 Percent. Retrieved from: http://phys.org/news142527893.html How will YOU protect your newborn from SIDS? Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS, is the sudden, unexpected death of a healthy infant, less than twelve...
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...nurse and lactation counselor in the facility where I work. I have seen how evidence-based research plays a vital role in my practice and I am a strong advocate for breast feeding and there are many studies to support the benefits of breast-feeding “in the development of a baby’s immune system and the presence of maternal antibodies protect infants against infection. Artificial feeding is also associated with increased risk of common disorders of early childhood such as ear infections, asthma, skin disorders, digestive problems, and respiratory tract infections” (ABM, 2009). The initiation of successful breast feeding depends on early teaching and preparing the mother not only physically but also psychologically before delivery takes place. I have seen how babies who are breast-fed exclusively are healthier more developed and has fewer medical problems. “Studies have also linked artificial feeding to increased risk for obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes, childhood leukemia, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and necrotizing entercolitis. Mothers benefit as well, and a history of breastfeeding has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and of breast and ovarian cancer”(ABM, 2009). The patient outcome while breast-feeding is beneficial to both the mother and baby, studies show that “breastfeeding is a natural method of getting a baby to understand portion control and appetite. It also helps strengthen the immune system and bring the weight of the mother back in line...
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