...the surface of parent rocks into small particles. Air and water enter the spaces between the particles and chemical changes take pace which resut in the production of chemical substances. Bacteria and plant life soon appear. When plant and animal organisms die, they decay and produce a substance called humus. This is very important to so fertility. Bacteria play a vital role into the decomposition of plants and animals remains. The end product of these mechanical, chemical, and biological processes is called soil which is one of the world’s most important natural resources. B. Composition of Soil All soil contain mineral matter, organic matter, air, water and living organisms, especially bacteria. If any one of these is seriously reduced in amount, or removed frm a soil, ten the soil deteriorates. Soil is an important component of the physical environment of many ecosystem. The main components of a typical soild can be divided into two: Organic components and Inorganic components. Organic Components - include include living organism such as baceteria and fungi which serve as the decomposers;a very important parts of the recycling and decay processes. It also include many invertebrates animal such as insects and worms. Finally, there are many plants or parts and worms. Finally, there are many plants or parts of palnts such as roots and seeds. Inorganic compoents – Inorganic components include mineral, water and air. Soil particles are form from rock by weathering...
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...Environmental Obligation: An examination of the performance of Pepsi Co Student Name: Chomansingh Mareachealee Student Number: 15570501 Semester: 1 2011 Campus: Charles Telfair Institute Tutor’s Name: Sarita Ramanan Tutorial Day and Time: Tuesday (11:30-13:30) GP 4 | | | | | | | Table of content | | | | | Content: | | | | | | Introduction | 2 | | | | | The case against Pepsi Co and its impact & implication: | | | | | | (A) Achieving positive water balance | 2&3 | | (B) Land & Packaging- Moving towards zero landfill | 4 | | (C ) Climate change- reducing the carbon Footprint of operations | 5 | | (D) Protecting Natural resources and health | 6 | | | | | | | | The case for Pepsi Co and its impact & implication: | | | | | | (A) Pesticide controversy in India and Carbon dioxide emission | 7 | | (B) Using Tap water for Bottling | 7&8 | | (C )Health issues and Recycling problem | 8&9 | | | | | | | | Conclusion: | 9 | | | | | References: | 10&11&12 | | | Re: Corporate Environmental Obligation: An examination of the performance of Pepsi company Introduction: Modern organizations have high considerations for societal contribution. Nowadays, customers are environmental conscious and concerned about ecological implications. Social performance has become an important pillar for effectiveness and survival...
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...What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. Originally, emphasis was placed on harmful micro organisms which cause disease or spoilage of beverages and food, but it is now recognized that many microbes have essential roles in our ecosystem or can be used to accomplish beneficial tasks. Human history is full of examples of major devastations caused by bacteria and viruses. Some of these historically important diseases still occur, such tuberculosis and yellow fever. Microorganisms are evolving to cause new infectious disease problems such as Lyme disease and AIDS, which capture public attention. Control and eradication of infectious diseases remain important goals of many microbiologists. The recognition that microorganisms were responsible for what was earlier thought to be "spontaneous generation" opened the door to industrial (pharmaceutical, chemical, energy) and food microbiology, technologies which contribute substantially to today's way of life. Microorganisms in soil and water are essential in the transformation of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and iron to products needed by plants and animals. In various ways, microbes participate in environmental cycling and degradation and global change. In the last few decades, microorganisms have been recognized as ideal model systems for the study of basic biological processes. More recently, microbiologists have brought an exciting dimension to the study of biology...
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...are based on the belief that the patriarchal societies we live in create destruction in their need to dominate humans and nature. Ecofeminism is a belief that all struggles are connected, and are the cause of patriarchy playing “...god by manipulating, controlling and attempting to transcend nature” (Mcguire 4). This is why Ecofeminists are committed to challenging all hierarchies, oppressions, and dualistic thinking that empowers patriarchy, and deems “Otherness” as inferior. It is through this feminist theory I would like to analyze the destructive power of Monsanto, the largest agricultural corporation in the United States, has in the Unites States particularly in the farm industry, the effect they created in the food supply, and their effect as a global corporation. In order to analyze the impact of Monsanto, a feminist lens of intersectionality is needed to see how the genetically modified seeds created by Monsanto lead to their domination of the nature and humans. According to Kimberle Crenshaw, “...any analysis that does not take intersectionality into account cannot sufficiently address the particular manner” (58). Crenshaw argues that an experience is greater than a sum of two factors, and instead that the experience is unique due to these factors. In the case of Monsanto, I will analyze the unique effects this corporation has created in their quest to maximize their profits. Capitalism drives our patriarchal society to do what those in charge deem necessary to gain...
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...Done by: D. Singh | Factors that Affect Soil Nutrients Nutrient availability can be influenced by several factors and these include: 1. Soil Ph: The relative concentration of the hydrogen irons and or hydroxyl irons may either increase or decrease nutrient availability. 2. The Presence of Other Nutrients: The essence of the various mineral salts will either increase or decrease the other mineral salts in the soil. 3. Leaching: This encourages the draining of mineral salts from the topsoil to subsoil thereby depriving plants of such nutrients. 4. Crop Removal: This may be in form of clean clearing, deforestation or cutting down of harvested crops which lead to loss of nutrients in the soil. 5. Oxidation and Reduction: This is a form of chemical reaction in which the electron(s) is or are either lost or gained thereby changing the state of the mineral salts. In such a changed state, the mineral salts may be washed away. 6. Burning: This kills soil organisms, destroys the texture and structure of the soil and finally reduces plant nutrients. 7. Erosion: This helps in washing away of soil nutrients from one place to another, and may occur under the influence of heavy rain or wind storm. Erosion Soil is a natural body consisting of layers of primarily mineral constituents, which differ from the parent materials in their texture, structure, consistence, color, chemical, biological and other physical characteristics. Plants and crops need soil to live and grow on;...
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...Research Suggests Farm Subsidies are the Reason Americans Pay Higher Food Prices, Higher Taxes, Ending Small-Scale Farming while Destroying our Ecosystem: Michael L Ashcraft Western Governors University Background: Over 70 years ago, The Roosevelt administration announced the onset of government farm subsidies as a temporary emergency measure to help farmers earn a certain level of income. Although there have been dramatic efficiency upgrades within the farming industry, little change has been changed made regarding how the government funds farm subsidies. The basic idea of how government subsidies function, the government spends hundreds of millions of dollars to raise farmers incomes by raising the price of certain farm commodities. This increase in price encourages farmers to produce these subsidized commodities in large amounts, while encouraging consumers to buy them in small amounts (Armey, R. K., 1990). The result of producing large amounts while purchased amounts are low creates a surplus. Once a surplus occurs the government spends hundreds of millions of dollars encouraging farmers to discontinue producing the certain commodities, essentially subsidizing farmers not to farm. This policy creates great inefficiency, under the farm law passed in 1985, the Department of Agriculture has paid dairy farmers to kill 1.6 million cows and take five-year vacations from farming. Regulations have been enforced that have led to the squandering...
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...Environmental Catering Table of Contents * Introduction * The process and its environmental factors * Impacts on the environment * Solutions(strategies, toolkits and patents) * Conclusion Introduction Our life become more and more hectic and time is a valuable factor of life. People cannot afford anymore to cook their own meals, it is important to have food fast and cheap at work, at school and at social events. This is why catering has become multibillion dollar industry, giving job for thousands of people. Catering is a business of providing foodservice at a certain site such as hotel, school, workplace or other locations. There are various types of catering: * Mobile catering: providing foodservice from a vehicle or cart provided for the purpose. It’s common at outdoor events such as festivals, and can also be found at downtown business districts. * Event catering: is the most common form of catering. Food is transferred from a kitchen or prepared on site and is served by waiting staff at dining tables or a self-service buffet. * School-workplace catering: in cantinas clients can choose from various ready meals which includes boxed lunch catering such as sandwiches, salads, foods and desserts. It includes the army and hospitals. * Boxed lunch catering: is prepared by the caterer and dropped of fon a location combined for the...
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...learnt various processes involved in making soft drink along with different treatment plant established here. We would like to express thanks to Mr. M.B.Bera,HOD Food Technology Dept.& Mr. P.Gupta (T&P dept.).for giving us this golden opportunity. And also thanks to our training incharge Mr. Vijay Kumar das & Mr. A.K. Singh who helped us in our training period . SHASHI KUMAR GFT-085254 CONTENTS SL.NO. | TOPICS | 1 | INTRODUCTION | 2 | ORIGIN AND HISTORY | 3 | Water Treatment | 4 | Soft Water Preparation | 5 | Treated water prepation | 6 | TESTS | 7 | UNIT DESCRIPTION | 8 | PROCESS CALCULATION | PREFACE Increase in human population along with the rapid technological advancement gamed by man has led to a number of problems. Deterioration of environment due to pollution and shortage of water are the two major ones. Industries are considered to be the main culprit of these catastrophic conditions which we are facing. Of late man has soon realized the importance of delicate environmental balance existing situation by using certain environmental protection measures as well as optimizing the use of water and also by recycling it. Although the numbers of such companies are very few, still their effort can stand as an example to others. During my training I learnt various processes involved in making soft drink along with different treatment plant established here. I praise the commitment and consciousness...
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...Carbon Prepared from Corn Cobs in Sugar Decolorization”, prepared by Dyle Angellowe B. Mapagu, Aurilyn A. Ramirez and Roxanne L. Soriano, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering, is hereby recommended for oral examination. Approved by the Tribunal on Oral Examination with a grade of _________. Engr. Ma. Haidee A. Mabborang Member Engr. Monico U. Tenedor Member Engr. Marianne DC. Calica Member Engr. Caesar P. Llapitan Chairman Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering. Engr. Ernesto D. Marallag Dean, College of Engineering ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We, the authors, convey our gratefulness and appreciation to the people who have given valuable assistance in the completion of this study. To Engr. Policarpio Mabborang, Jr. for providing a perceptive and logical evaluation of our research, for his corrections and suggestions in the improvement of the study, and for his patience towards us; To Engr. Caesar Llapitan, Engr. Marianne Calica, Engr. Monico Tenedor, and Engr. Ma. Haidee Mabborang, who served as our panelists in the defense, pointed out mistakes and gave good suggestions in revising our thesis; To Engr. Gina Consigna, head of the Feed Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Ma’am Editha Taguba, and Ma’am Lawrence Gaspar who permitted us to conduct our experiments in their laboratory; ...
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...Box 10268, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania *Corresponding Author (Tel: +255714254900 e-mail: mrema.gerald@gmail.com) Abstract This research is basically on assessment of impacts of climate variability in Kilosa District Morogoro Region in Tanzania were the field study was done within three wards that is Ulaya, Kilosa town and Rudewa represent three major zones of Kilosa District that is highlands, midlands and lowlands respectively. Methodologies that were used in field study include physical observation, consultation, interview through research question, literature review and GIS in map updating. Data from Tanzania meteorological agency (TMA), WAMI/RUVU basin and Morogoro agriculture department of rainfall and temperature, water level and water discharge also crop production respectively for 30years from 1980 to 2010 were analyzed statistically in order to show the link between climate variability with its associated impacts in both people and environment at large, results shows that climate variability in Kilosa District generally is of both dry and wet years in different years where the area also experience both MAM and OND seasons of rainfall per year. Also results have revealed that the total annual rainfall at Kilosa is observed to decreases at the rate of 8.04mm/year while in temperature there a slight increase at a rate of 0.1oC/year in temperature amount, also results of questionnaires show that a good number of people 78% are aware of the decrease in rainfall amount while 16%...
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...change, disrupting agriculture and causing wide spread poverty and famine. Scarier still is the estimated tipping point, the point of no return, our enhanced greenhouse effect will develop into a runaway greenhouse effect. The same effect which is seen on Venus, a scorching planet with a surface temperature of 462°C and clouds of sulfuric acid, it’s believed there was once vast oceans and there were even speculations of a long gone tropical paradise. Alas, it’s now a hostile environment incapable of sustaining any life or development, and to think this may have been brought about by the same process that threatens us now is terrifying. It’s hard to predict and explain, but it’s clear that our enhancing greenhouse effect is solely due to anthropogenic activity and advancements in technology over the past 3 centuries. The human ability to design and innovate technology is marvelous, the numerous ways in which fossil fuels have been utilized to our benefit, through fuels, plastics and surprisingly almost every item in our day to day lives. It is these life-changing technological discoveries that catalyze the developments of new human eras. Without basic agricultural tools and plows we never could have moved away from subsistence hunting and gathering and thus provided the time to develop civilization. Writing allowed us to pass on our ideas and eventually the printing press made those ideas widely available. The wheel made movement easier and the steam engine gave us efficiency...
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...urge scientific community to search and develop alternative renewable fuel to replace the current and existing petroleum-based fuels. Biofuels have been demonstrated by several researches to reduce GHG emissions as compared to gasoline (petrol) (Leen, 2012). Among the alternative biofuels, bioethanol has received considerable attention in transportation sector because of its utility as an octane booster, fuel additive, and even as neat fuel (Mudliar, et. al., 2009). Bioethanol can be derived from organic materials, such as energy crops like corn, wheat, sugar cane, sugar beet, and cassava, among others (Neves, et. al., 2007). However, due to their primary utility as food, these crops cannot provide the global demand for bioethanol production. Among other feedstock for bioethanol production, biomass has been reported ideal and well-suited because of its large-scale availability, low cost, and environmentally benign production (Brodeur, 2011). Feedstock biomass is an organic matter that can be converted into energy from crop residues and agricultural wastes like rice straw (Bracmont, 2012). Rice straw is consists predominantly of cell...
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... Research Adviser Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research II B ______________________ ______________________ Ms. Ma. Pilar P. Carmona Mr. Jaymar L. Galag Research Adviser Research Adviser ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research project would not be feasible without the help of the following people. The researchers would like to express their utmost appreciation to the following for their aid and support in conducting this research: To the parents: Mr. and Mrs. Bancolita, Mr. and Mrs. De Leon, Mr. and Mrs. Ilicito, Mr. and Mrs. Largoza, Mr. and Mrs. Rahayel, Mr. and Mrs. Rivera, and Mr. and Mrs. Sidro for their unwavering support and encouragements as we go about this study. To our school...
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...As I lay in bed trying to sleep, my heart began pounding with such fury that I actually saw my chest heave with each amplified beat”(26). This marks the beginning of one of the many horror stories that came about as a result of sucralose consumption. The most commonly reported sucralose side effects, according to Dr. Axe, would include: migraines, dizziness, intestinal cramping, rashes, acne, headaches, bloating, heart palpitations, tinnitus, and gum bleeding. There was even research published in Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism in 2013 which found that sugar substitutes are linked to type 2 diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. In Rebecca Brown’s article, Artificial Sweeteners: A systematic review of metabolic effects in youth, she states that there is a very prominent correlation between weight gain and the use of artificial sweeteners. She states that,” Currently there is no strong clinical evidence for the causality regarding artificial sweetener use and metabolic health effects, but it is important to examine possible contributions of these common food additives to the global rise in pediatric obesity and...
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...equation for glycolysis written in reverse. E) 6 CH2O + 5 O2 + sunlight → CO2 + 2 H2O. Answer: A Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and carbon dioxide is false? A) Plants require carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make glucose. B) Burning fossil fuels release carbon dioxide that was removed from the atmosphere millions of years ago. C) Because of their short growth period and self-regeneration, willows are more viable as a source of potential power than the trees in most natural forests. D) Most of the food humans eat can be traced back to photosynthetic plants. E) Burning wood contributes more to acid rain than burning fossil fuels. Answer: E Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 3) What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and the food for the biosphere? A) chemotrophs B) heterotrophs C) manufacturers D) synthesizers E) producers Answer: E Topic: 7.1 Skill: Factual Recall 4) Photoautotrophs A) make sugar by using organic raw materials. B) produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules. C) eat other organisms that use light energy to make food molecules. D) include only the green plants. E) are only found on land. Answer: B Topic: 7.1 Skill: Factual...
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