...In this book, “A shorter of Summa”, the idea of happiness is well developed but at the theological and philosophical scale. In this book, the world has had as many theories of happiness as there are people that inhabit it with such varying opinions of what it takes to make humans the happiest. In this book the philosopher Saint Thomas Aquinas explained his view of theological perspective as compared to philosophical perspective. He compares wealth, honors, fame, power and pleasure that lead happiness. Talking about wealth, Saint Thomas says on (Kreeft 132-133): “It is impossible for man’s happiness to consist in wealth”, this assertion means that natural wealth should serve to replace the natural wants. According to “The Shorter Summa”, all things are below man and have been made for him. Another fact is about honor that is not a way to achieve happiness either according to Aquinas. Because by achieving honor for the sake of being honored is not noble, as I said in the discussion sheet in class. Aquinas said about this assertion that honor is external whereas happiness is internal and also states that honor can come from happiness but not the reverse. Another example that Aquinas uses to explain what happiness is not is the praise of being well-known. Because when someone want to praise his own personality the reason of doing so is happiness and want all other people be aware of his personality. This is probably the easiest to get a mental grasp of, especially in today’s society...
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...FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT-QUIZ ASSIGNMENT-2 1. Variable costs of production sector: a) Material cost: It is categorised under variable cost as the production may vary. And also it will not affect the assembly department. Production Supplies: The production might be varying depending upon the usage. Electricity charges: It comes under variable cost as the two departments are using the workshop floor together. And it might lead to affect the variable cost. Wages: It might be categorised as variable cost if the wages are done depending on the no of products produced. Machinery maintenance cost: In this we cannot predict it as depends on the usage of machines. It might not affect the variable cost of the assembly sector. b) If the no of working hours are increased in the assembly sector for a weekend then there will be increase in variable cost. It is because in the given question it was shown that the staffs in the cleaning department were the same for both the departments which would lead to increase in the variable cost. Regarding the electric bills it will affect the total variable cost as the lighting and ventilation systems are used together for the workshop. Costs like rent, insurance remains the same because it is fixed. c) Impact on variable cost: Depending upon the production of bikes, variable costs are estimated. This time 25 bikes in addition are produced which lead to increase in variable cost. Impact on fixed cost: ...
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...STUDENT PORTAL A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by MOHANA PRASANTH. B PRASANNA. S REJU JACOB SANTHOSH. G (100906105008) (100906105011) (090606105703) (090606105035) in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Dr. N.G.P. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025 APRIL 2013 ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report “ STUDENT PORTAL” is the bonafide work of “MOHANA PRASANTH. B, PRASANNA. S, REJU JACOB, SANTHOSH. G” who carried out the project work under my supervision. SIGNATURE Mrs. A. Praveena SUPERVISOR, Assistant Professor Department of Information Technology, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641048. SIGNATURE Mrs. V. Vani HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, Department of Information Technology, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641048. Submitted for the project Viva-Voice examination held on _________________ ---------------------------------Internal Examiner ---------------------------------External Examiner ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Nalla G. Palaniswami, Chairman, KMCH and Dr. N.G.P. Institutions for providing us the necessary facilities to do our project work. We express our heartfelt thanks to Dr. Thavamani D. Palaniswami, Secretary, KMCH and Dr. N.G.P. Institutions for her motivation and support. We extend our thanks to Dr. S. Dhandapani, Advisor...
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...Aquinas and Plato: Of Souls and Men Question 2 “…since the rational soul is the proper form of man, there is in every man a natural inclination to act according to reason, and this is to act according to virtue. Consequently, considered thus, all acts of virtue are prescribed by the natural law.” (Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, p. 223) a. Analyze the passage and explain the meaning of natural law according to Aquinas. b. Compare this passage to Plato’s theory of ideas. To understand the concepts proposed in the assigned quote, this paper will first break down the quote into its individual statements. This independent analysis will then be utilized to find a core message in the quote as a whole, and ultimately to assist in understanding Thomas Aquinas’ view of natural law as a governing precept of human thought and action and in comparison to Plato’s theory of ideas. “…The rational soul is the proper form of man…” The first statement in the quote establishes what Aquinas sees to be as the essence of humanity. He understood the rational soul to be that aspect of the soul that creates reason. He understood reason to be the defining characteristic that separates man from other animals. Therefore, the rational soul being the mover that differentiates man, it is man’s proper form. He is making a judgment that since reason is what makes man unique it is also what man is, properly. The idea of form is important as well. Aquinas understood man to consist...
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...However, positive law would not be possible without natural law to determine what people deem is right and wrong. Neither of these laws would exist if humans did not have the ability to act in accordance to the external law of free will. These three laws of men are bound together and without them the social welfare of society would crumble. The Summa Theologica is one of Thomas Aquinas’ most known writings and it contains all the main theological teachings of the Catholic Church. In this book Aquinas explains how the existence of god can be proven, the strongest argument for this is that natural beings could not be intellectual if it was not taught and given by God. Irrefutable evidence of this is shown through man’s relationship with dogs. Humanity taught dogs how to be loving and intelligent creatures. Dogs will do anything to make their masters happy and without them they would still be wild (i.e. Dingo’s). This is what Aquinas is trying to say about man and God. If God did not teach human’s how to be civil and care for one another and to worship a higher power, then who did? It would...
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...him to travel from city to city within his order. Late Life I n 1272 he was commanded to return to Naples as Professor. I n 1274 he was invited to the second council at Lyons, called to reunite the east and west churches. Unfortunately, on his way his health took a turn for the worse, and he passed away March 7, 1274. Philosophy R econciles theology with philosophy, revelation with reason, faith with science. S t. Thomas Aquinas showed that they are distinct sciences, yet complimentary. T o know all truth, one must rely on faith, teachings of the prophets, personal revelation, and the scriptures. Summa contra Gentiles C “ ommentary on Aristotle.” C ontains 4 Books: God, Creation, Providence, and Salvation. A rgues in favor of the Christian church. Summa Theologiae T “ I he Sum of Theology.” t is considered his greatest work. L ays out key aspects of Christian...
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...The Problem of Evil: Free Will vs. Faith Sheri Rinker Walden University 23-Mar-16 The Problem of Evil: Free Will vs. Faith "I don't understand why people believe in God when there is so much pain and suffering in the world." This is a statement often heard and often contemplated. We will look at the notion of the meaning of this statement and postulate from the Free Will View. This view states that evil and suffering are the results of the misuse of human free will. First, let us look at the statement that people believe in God whilst there is pain in suffering all around us. When Saint Thomas Aquinas wrote his great Summa Theologica, he could find only two objections to the existence of God. One of the two objections is the apparent ability of natural science to explain everything in our experience without God, and the other is the problem of evil. For Aquinas, God's goodness is beyond all definitions of the good, and we cannot hold God to account by our moral standards. Aquinas's understanding of morality makes us absolutely responsible for our planned activities, and it allows no excuse regarding an evil force manipulating our wills (Kreeft, 2016). Looking at the free will view, it states that evil and suffering are the results of the misuse of human free will. If according to St. Tomas Aquinas that it is us and not God because God gave us freedom of that will, then would that not mean that God is not omnipotent? It must be argued that it is better on the...
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...Thomas Aquinas and His Use of the Scholastic Method Hayden Robinson World Civilizations The Scholastic Method is a way of proving a theory proposed by another scholar in a series of comparison, argument, and compromise. One well known user of this method was the scholar Thomas Aquinas. In Thomas’ book Summa Theologica, he proves that the existence of God is self-evident using this. Thomas offered The primary question that will be made an example of will be Question 2: The Existence of God. Seeing the Scholastic Method in these three articles will be an easy feat. With reading what he writes about and paying close attention to how he writes it, one can see strong elements of Scholasticism in his method of proving that God exists. Article One states the objections of the existence of knowledge, that God is “known”, as well as the existence of truth. Thomas gives these objections as examples proving that God’s existence is self-evident. He also states possible counter-examples so he may effectively counter the counter-examples with his “I answer that”. This statement of counter-examples show Scholasticism by making an agreement between two sides of the argument. Which is why he uses counter-examples as the “other side” of the argument that God’s existence is self-evident. Another form of the Scholastic Method is other books and or philosophers. Like one quote, Aquinas uses the verse Hebrews 11:1 which says “faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things...
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...Lenzy Cornatzer Professor O’Neil Introduction to Philosophy Philosophy Engagement Paper December 15, 2014 For many Christians understanding the early church philosophers is not something that is done on a regular basis. Philosophy is a discipline that studies and researches different topics like justice, morality, religion and reality. There are three branches of philosophy that are accepted, natural philosophy, moral philosophy and metaphysical philosophy. Philosophy is a system of principles for guidance. So how do philosophy and the Christian life intersect? One of the ways to understand that is to look at the early church philosophers that have shaped our knowledge and understanding of the scriptures. In the following paragraphs we will examine the philosopher Thomas Aquinas. Thomas had a way of understanding God that you may or may not agree with but hopefully will learn about him in the paragraphs ahead. Thomas Aquinas was an Italian Dominican theologian and philosopher that is believed by many to be one of the most influential thinkers of Scholasticism and is also know as the father of the Thomistic school of theology. Thomas Aquinas was born in the year 1225 in Roccasecca, in the Kingdom of Sicily also know as present day Italy. He combined the theological principles with the principles of reason and he is ranked by many as one of the most influential thinkers of medieval Scholasticism. Thomas...
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...The world around us seems to be filled to the brim with self help books, podcasts, and workshops about helping someone get the life they desire. You name it, someone has created a ten or twelve step program that can change your life and bring you happiness after four payments of $49.99. One of the reasons why there’s so many similar works in the world of self help literature is because it sells. Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Contra Gentiles may not be looked at as a traditional self help guide to happiness by most, but Aquinas makes very compelling arguments on his study of the relationship between honor and happiness, and why honor won’t bring eternal happiness. To understand the relationship between honor and happiness, it’s important to first...
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...Explain how Natural Law theory can be used to decide the right moral action [25] Natural law is an absolutist theory which is most commonly associated with Thomas Aquinas. It mainly relies on Aquinas’ theory that humans try to do good things and try to avoid evil in order to find fulfilment and happiness in life. However, according to Aquinas there are two types of good. There is the real good and the apparent good. The ‘real good’ is something that genuinely leads us to fulfil our purpose and achieve perfection. And the ‘apparent good’ is something that only appears good to us but it isn’t genuinely good. For example, a real good would be to study and revise for exams, whereas an apparent good would be to enjoy ourselves by watching television. We might think the second option is the real good for us but it’s the apparent good as we are not really benefiting from it. Aquinas is arguing that for a person to be happy, they must do good actions which can be one of the two types of good. He is also arguing that if humans do evil, they will be lead to the path of unhappiness. This could be interpreted as our actions determine the extent of happiness in our lives. This is known as the Synderesis Rule. Natural law in itself is based on five primary precepts which were, according to Aquinas, revealed to us by God. In defining the Primary Precepts, Aquinas was stating 'self-evident principles' that are universal and absolute - they are part of our very nature as humans, this sounds...
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...An airline pilot goes for his regular medical checkup. The doctor discovers that he has developed a heart murmur. The pilot only has a month to go before he is eligible for retirement. The doctor knows this and wonders whether, under these unusual circumstances, she is justified in withholding the information about the pilot's condition. After reviewing the airline pilot’s story the first thing that came to mind being a health care professional is H.I.P.A.A. (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). That’s the main reason for the physician and patient confidentiality regarding his heart murmur. The pilot should be advised of his condition and his decision to continue working. However, if the airline company is requesting the physical then she does have an obligation to the employer, but if it’s just a routine yearly check up then there isn’t a reason disclosure of his diagnosis. Having a proper treatment plan for the patient is imperative for him to follow; however; question lies how long has he had this murmur without any symptoms? There is a co pilot and some airlines still have flight engineers so the plane and passengers would still safe to fly his particular airline. People work with chronic illnesses in different fields every day so rather than jeopardizing his retirement ought/should be vs. what is comes into play with this scenario. Augustine and Aquinas, in my opinion would have the same answer since their ethics are religious driven. Aquinas...
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...leadership in the future. In such a situation, Cisco Systems Inc. develops its corporate strategy, which basically targets at the acquisition of smaller companies which a great potential and have developments which could be very perspective in the future. One of such companies is Summa Four, which Cisco Systems Inc. wants to acquire. In this respect, it should be said that the acquisition of the new company will inevitably pose certain difficulties Cisco Systems Inc. will have to overcome. Even though the company has a huge experience of acquisitions, since the company has launched the strategy of acquisition since the early 1990s, the acquisition of Summa Four is different from the acquisition of any other company Cisco Systems has ever bided for before. To put it more precisely, as a rule Cisco Systems Inc. acquired companies which were small and did not possess significant manufacturing facilities. Basically, such acquisitions were rather investment in the human capital than in the production proper because it was mainly the ideas and intellectual and creative potential of the personnel of these companies and their technologies and innovative ideas that actually attracted Cisco Systems Inc. In contrast, Summa Four has not only quite perspective ideas and developments, such as the Project Alpha – the industry’s first standards-based open programmable...
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...to have. How do we, as human creatures, go about acquiring charity? Charity itself is “not given [to us] according to natural capacities but according to the will of the Spirit distributing his own gifts…it altogether transcends human nature, [and] does not depend on any natural virtue, but solely on the grace of the Holy Spirit who infuses it” (Summa Theologica, II-II. Q. 24, 3). Charity, in this sense, is a part of our being; it is “based on a communication of a supernatural kind” – our communication with God (Summa Theologica, II-II. Q. 24, 2). Charity itself is infused in us, and “resides in the will” (Summa Theologica, II-II. Q. 24, 1). Moreover, it is necessary, if we are to love God properly, that “charity be infused into our hearts,” “because our affections are naturally inclined to what we see” and correcting these natural inclinations requires the prior will of God (Summa Theologica, II-II. Q. 24, 2). This prior will is of the utmost importance because “man has a rational nature” and “it can happen that a man with better natural gifts makes less of an effort than another” at being charitable, etc. (Summa Theologica, II-II. Q. 24, 3); that is, a human creature who is disposed to give a purely rational account of their own good and bad qualities, an individual who accepts who they are based solely on their account of such qualities, might be...
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...INTRODUCTION Cisco Systems was started by a team of husband and wife, Leonaid Bosack and Sandy J. Lerner in 1984. They developed the first specialized microcomputer that enable two or more networks communicate with each other by deciphering, translating and funnelling data between them. This microcomputer also called as “multi-protocol” router has opened up and boosted the functionality of the Internet world. Over the years, Cisco managed to become the spearhead in the data networking equipment market which saw the company provided and manufactured large-scale router that powered the Internet. As Cisco Systems grow and expand over the years, so did the company’s product portfolio. With routers and switches being the core products of the company, other products and services such as hubs, access products (connection for remote access), web scaling products and technologies, security products, InterWorks for SNA, IOS software and network management has slowly become a part of Cisco Systems product portfolio. This expansion of portfolio was made possible through the several acquisitions and partnerships. By 1998, Cisco managed to hold either number one or number two position in 14 of the 15 markets in which it competed. This has made Cisco the top choice among large companies to buy company’s line of products and services. This situation may also reflect from the strong financial growth of Cisco. From 1994 until 1998 Cisco’s total assets sky-rocketed from $1.1 billion to $8.9 billion...
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