...an Introduction to Islamic Finance = = = jìÑíá=jìÜ~ãã~Ç=q~èá=rëã~åá `çåíÉåíë= Foreword Some Preliminary Points _ÉäáÉÑ=áå=aáîáåÉ=dìáÇ~åÅÉ= qÜÉ=_~ëáÅ=aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=`~éáí~äáëí=~åÇ=fëä~ãáÅ= bÅçåçãó= ^ëëÉíJÄ~ÅâÉÇ=cáå~åÅáåÖ= `~éáí~ä=~åÇ=båíêÉéêÉåÉìê= mêÉëÉåí=mê~ÅíáÅÉë=çÑ=fëä~ãáÅ=_~åâë= 6 9 V NM NO NQ NR Musharakah qÜÉ=`çåÅÉéí=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= qÜÉ=_~ëáÅ=oìäÉë=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= Distribution of Profit Ratio of Profit Sharing of Loss 17 NV OP 23 24 24 qÜÉ=k~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=`~éáí~ä= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= qÉêãáå~íáçå=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= Termination of Musharakah without Closing the Business OR OU OU 29 Mudarabah _ìëáåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=jìÇ~ê~Ä~Ü= aáëíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=mêçÑáí= qÉêãáå~íáçå=çÑ=jìÇ~ê~Ä~Ü= `çãÄáå~íáçå=çÑ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü=~åÇ=jìÇ~ê~Ä~Ü= 31 PO PP PQ PR ÅçåíÉåíë= Musharakah & Mudarabah as Modes of Financing mêçàÉÅí=cáå~åÅáåÖ= Securitization of Musharakah Financing of a Single Transaction Financing of the Working Capital 37 PU 39 42 43 pçãÉ=lÄàÉÅíáçåë=çå=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü=cáå~åÅáåÖ= Risk of Loss Dishonesty Secrecy of the Business Clients’ Unwillingness to Share Profits House Financing on the Basis of Diminishing Musharakah Diminishing Musharakah for Carrying Business of Services Diminishing Musharakah in Trade RO aáãáåáëÜáåÖ=jìëÜ~ê~â~Ü= 52 54 55 56 RT 59 63 63 Murabahah fåíêçÇìÅíáçå= Some Basic Rules of Sale Bai’ Mu’ajjal (Sale on Deferred Payment Basis) 65 SR 66 70 jìê~Ä~Ü~Ü= pçãÉ=fëëìÉë=fåîçäîÉÇ=áå=jìê~Ä~Ü~Ü= Murabahah...
Words: 61209 - Pages: 245
...| | |CONTENTS | | | | | |Paragraph | | | | |INTRODUCTION |1 - 3 | | | | |BACKGROUND | | | | | |Objective of CSSA |4 - 5 | |Clientele profile/composition |6 - 8 | |The problem ...
Words: 14534 - Pages: 59
...PINOY INTERNET: PHILIPPINES CASE STUDY March 2002 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION GENEVA, SWITZERLAND This report has been written by Michael Minges, Esperanza Magpantay, Lucy Firth and Tim Kelly of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The report is based on field research carried out between 1 5 October 2001 as well as articles and publications sourced in the document. The National Telecommunications Commission provided incalculable support; without their assistance, this report would not have been possible. Equally, the report would not have been possible without the cooperation of the many from the Filipino public and private ICT sector who offered their time to the reports authors. The kind hospitality of Philippine Electronics and Telecommunications Federation (PETEF) is also acknowledged. We would also like to thank N. Santiago of Globe and A. Bengzon, Undersecretary for Communications, for their insightful comments. The report is one of a series of case studies examining the Internet in South East Asia carried out in 2001. Additional information is available on the ITUs Internet Case Study web page at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/cs/. The report may not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU, its members or the government of the Republic of the Philippines. The title refers to the Filipino (Tagalog) word Pinoy meaning Filipinos by Heart. The SMS message appearing on the mobile phone screen (Kmusta txt k nman) is also in Tagalog and means...
Words: 28120 - Pages: 113
...together O P E N & C O M M I T T E D Annual Report 2010-11 The captain and his crew wish you an enjoyable business trip to New York, Tokyo, Delhi… and more than 850 other cities, letting you take advantage of one of the world’s leading networks with our SkyTeam partners. II _ Air France-KLM 2010-11 Annual Report airfrance.com making the sky the best place on earth Editorial We can face the challenges with confidence Jean-Cyril Spinetta, Chairman of the Air France-KLM Board of Directors On the North Atlantic, the leading long-haul market globally, Air France-KLM has established a significant lead over the other alliances, and particularly Star Alliance, through the joint-venture that the Group has created with Delta and Alitalia. Our goal is to extend this model to all our SkyTeam partners, and particularly our Chinese partners. Furthermore, we are actively engaged in membership negotiations with other airlines in Brazil, India and elsewhere in Asia. On this basis, SkyTeam stands to benefit from global coverage. After a challenging time in 2009-10, our Group has succeeded in stemming the haemorrhage and returning to profit while also reducing debt. Our recovery has been remarkable. This success is thanks to the outstanding work of the Air France-KLM teams and the resolute commitment of all our employees within a difficult environment. I would like to thank everyone for their efforts. To confirm this recovery, the Air France-KLM group was able to implement...
Words: 16208 - Pages: 65
...realization of this Master Thesis. A warm thank to our supervisor, Håkan Bohman from USBE (Umeå School of Business), for his guidance, his precious help and his advises during the last months. To Mr. Lundvall, from LFV (Luftfartsverket), Mr. Valinger from Scandinavian Airline and Mr. Wilsberg from SAS Braathens, Jessica Eriksson and Thomas Pettersson from USBE, thank you for your availability, willingness in answering our questions and for their so precious collaboration with interviews, comments and suggestions. Thank you also Sweden for the wonderful moments we have spent here. We will never forget your nature (your elks), your cold winter (-30°C), your long nights in winter and your short nights in late spring!! It has been a great experience and adventure up there in Northern Sweden!! We will miss you… Finally we would like to thank particularly the Studentexpedition for its kindness, without forgetting our family and friends (from Sweden, France, Portugal and Greece) for their everlasting daily support, especially during hard moments. Many thanks to all of you! Umeå, 24 June 2007 Gilles HELTERLIN Nuno BERBERAN Abstract The dynamics of business contexts influence the way firms act in their industry. These changes can have effects in several areas within a company. Entrepreneurship and Innovation are two areas that are affected when a change in firm’s environment occurs, like...
Words: 79741 - Pages: 319
...AS/A Level GCE GCE Physical Education OCR Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Physical Education H154 OCR Advanced GCE in Physical Education H554 version 2 – February 2008 Vertical black lines indicate a significant change to the previous printed version. © OCR 2008 QAN 500/2591/0 QAN 500/2587/9 Contents 1 About these Qualifications 4 1.1 6 The Four-Unit Advanced GCE 6 1.3 Qualification Titles and Levels 6 1.4 Aims 7 1.5 2 The Two-Unit AS 1.2 Prior Learning/Attainment 8 9 2.1 AS Units 9 2.2 3 Summary of Content A2 Units 10 12 3.1 AS Unit G451: An introduction to Physical Education 12 3.2 AS Unit G452: Acquiring, developing and evaluating practical skills in Physical Education 24 3.3 A2 Unit G453: Principles and concepts across different areas of Physical Education 31 3.4 4 Unit Content A2 Unit G454: The improvement of effective performance and the critical evaluation of practical activities in Physical Education 55 62 4.1 AS GCE Scheme of Assessment 62 4.2 Advanced GCE Scheme of Assessment 63 4.3 Unit Order 64 4.4 Unit Options (at AS/A2) 64 4.5 Synoptic Assessment (A Level GCE) 64 4.6 Assessment Availability 64 4.7 Assessment Objectives 65 4.8 5 Schemes of Assessment Quality of Written Communication 66 Technical Information 67 5.1 Making Unit Entries ...
Words: 22885 - Pages: 92
...Workshop or Service Centre to the World? The British Hotel and Catering Industry The Business of Hotels (with H. Ingram) Europeans on Holiday Higher Education and Research in Tourism in Western Europe Historical Development of Tourism (with A.J. Burkart) Holiday Surveys Examined The Management of Tourism (with A.J. Burkart eds) Managing Tourism (ed.) A Manual of Hotel Reception (with J.R.S. Beavis) Paying Guests Profile of the Hotel and Catering Industry (with D.W. Airey) Tourism and Hospitality in the 21st Century (with A. Lockwood eds) Tourism and Productivity Tourism Council of the South Pacific Corporate Plan Tourism Employment in Wales Tourism: Past, Present and Future (with A.J. Burkart) Trends in Tourism: World Experience and England’s Prospects Trends in World Tourism Understanding Tourism Your Manpower (with J. Denton) Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality S. Medlik Third edition OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA 01803 First published 1993 Reprinted (with amendments) 1994 Second edition 1996 Third edition 2003 Copyright © 1993, 1996, 2003, S. Medlik. All rights reserved The right of S. Medlik to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this...
Words: 133754 - Pages: 536
...SECTION - I 1 INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING PART I Unit Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Meaning & Definitions of marketing 1.3 Importance of marketing 1.4 Scope of marketing 1.5 Concepts of marketing 1.6 Role of marketing manager in changing environment 1.7 Summary 1.8 Exercise 1.0 OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter students will be able to: Understand the meaning and definition of marketing. Explain the nature of marketing Discuss the importance of marketing Know the scope of marketing Explain the concepts of marketing 1.1 INTRODUCTION The emergence of ‗marketing‘ as a business discipline is of relatively recent origin. Though it has been practiced from the time of barter through money economy to today‘s modern complex marketing system, exchanges have been taking place. The ideas associated with marketing have undergone a great deal of change over centuries. Even after marketing became a full–fledged business discipline. Marketing, more than any other business function, deals with customer. It revolves around the customer. Building relationship based on customer value and satisfaction is at the very heart of modern marketing. The pricing strategies adopted the promotional tools selected; the design, shape and size of the product and the place of sales etc. are all decided after finding out the lifestyle, culture, buying habits and media consumption habits etc of all customers Marketing links producers and consumers together for mutual...
Words: 73651 - Pages: 295
...The Power of Logic The Power of Logic FOU RTH E DITION Frances Howard-Snyder Daniel Howard-Snyder Ryan Wasserman WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2002, 1999, by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 ISBN: 978-0-07-340737-1 MHID: 0-07-340737-2 Editor in Chief: Michael Ryan Editorial Director: Beth Mejia Sponsoring Editor: Mark Georgiev Marketing Manager: Pamela Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Briana Porco Production Editors: Melissa Williams/Melanie Field, Strawberry Field Publishing Cover Designer: Ashley Bedell Cover Photo: © Dan Trist/Corbis Media Project Manager: Thomas Brierly Production Supervisor: Louis Swaim Composition: This text was set in 10.5/12.5 Goudy by Aptara, Inc. Printing: Printed on 45# New Era Matte by R.R. Donnelley & Sons, Inc. Credits: The credits section for this book is on page 647, following the Answer Key in the back of the book, and is considered an extension of the copyright page. ...
Words: 173379 - Pages: 694
...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
Words: 146891 - Pages: 588
...Sector Report No. 8 / 2006 ICT and e-Business in the Tourism Industry ICT adoption and e-business activity in 2006 European Commission Tourism About e-Business W@tch and this report The European Commission, Enterprise & Industry Directorate General, launched the e-Business W@tch to monitor the growing maturity of electronic business across different sectors of the economy in the enlarged European Union, EEA and Accession countries. Since January 2002, the e-Business W@tch has analysed e-business developments and impacts in manufacturing, construction, financial and service sectors. All results are available on the internet and can be accessed or ordered via the Europa server or directly at the e-Business W@tch website (http://ec.europa.eu/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index.htm, www.ebusiness-watch.org). This document is a sector study by e-Business W@tch, focusing on the tourism industry. Its objective is to describe how companies in this industry use ICT for conducting business, to assess the impact of this development for firms and for the industry as a whole, and to indicate possible implications for policy. Analysis is based on literature, interviews, case studies and a survey among decision-makers in European enterprises from the tourism industry about the ICT use of their company. Disclaimer Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information...
Words: 80447 - Pages: 322
...Cost Control Conte nts Pref ace to the New Edition The Cost Manager’s Toolkit – PDA-size Summary 1 GOOD COST MANAGEMENT The Unsung Hero Cheaper and Better Managing and Cutting Costs – Intelligently 2 COST LEADERSHIP A Challenging Base Case Indiv idual Accountability Persistence A Continuous Improv ement Culture Short Timef rames Feedback Loops Strategic Skepticism Top Team: Finance Top Team: Human Resources Role Models Toolkit – Cost Leadership 3 TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS Understanding Cost Dy namics Management Accounts and Metrics Bang f or Buck Slice and Dice Understanding Natural Cost Trends Cash Cost Not P&L Cost Best Practice (and Lev el Play ing Fields) Competitiv e Analy sis Toolkit – Techniques and Tactics 4 PEOPLE Why Is People Cost So Problematic? Hiring Pay ing Technology and Productiv ity Firing Managing the Av erage Perf ormer Minimizing the Core Organization Toolkit – People 5 SUPPLIERS Who Manages Supplier Costs? Understand the Balance of Power Consolidate to Fewer Better Suppliers Negotiate Intelligently Don’t Get Locked In Manage Total Cost of Ownership Get Tough on the Costs of Serv ices Toolkit – Suppliers 6 COST CUTTING CASE STUDY Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 7 WIRED AND GLOBAL The Internet Globalization Toolkit – Wired and Global 8 LATERAL THINKING Indirect Cost Generators Let the Customers Do the Work Cost into Rev enue Toolkit – Lateral Thinking ...
Words: 63341 - Pages: 254
...“WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIVERSIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE, PARTICULARLY IN EMERGING ECONOMIES? WHAT ARE THE FACTORS WHICH ARE RELEVANT FOR SETTING THE CONTENTS OF THAT RELATIONSHIP?” By João de Almeida Frazão Caro de Sousa Master Thesis Submitted to ESADE Business School in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in International Management ESADE Business School May 2012 Master of Science in International Management – ESADE Business School i Master of Science in International Management – ESADE Business School Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Theoretical Background 1. Diversification ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 General Observations ........................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Different types of diversification strategies....................................................................... 7 1.3 The costs and benefits of diversification ........................................................................... 8 1.4 Diversification Trends ....................................................................................................... 9 A. The Lack of Significant Relationship ................................
Words: 67131 - Pages: 269
...THE GREAT RECESSION Since publication of Robert L. Hetzel’s he Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve (Cambridge University Press, 2008), the intellectual consensus that had characterized macroeconomics has disappeared. hat consensus emphasized eicient markets, rational expectations, and the eicacy of the price system in assuring macroeconomic stability. he 2008–2009 recession not only destroyed the professional consensus about the kinds of models required to understand cyclical luctuations but also revived the credit-cycle or asset-bubble explanations of recession that dominated thinking in the nineteenth century and irst half of the twentieth century. hese “market-disorder” views emphasize excessive risk taking in inancial markets and the need for government regulation. he present book argues for the alternative “monetary-disorder” view of recessions. A review of cyclical instability over the last two centuries places the 2008–2009 recession in the monetary-disorder tradition, which focuses on the monetary instability created by central banks rather than on a boom-bust cycle in inancial markets. Robert L. Hetzel is Senior Economist and Research Advisor in the Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, where he participates in debates over monetary policy and prepares the bank’s president for meetings of the Federal Open Market Committee. Dr. Hetzel’s research on monetary policy and the history of central banking has appeared in publications...
Words: 177093 - Pages: 709
