In chapter four of Ronald Takaki's A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America, the text primarily focuses on the relocation and removal of Native Americans. Initially, Andrew Jackson was instructed to encourage Native Americans to settle down as farmers, only to later take away their land anyway. As president, Jackson twiddled his thumbs as states such as Mississippi and Georgia succeeded Natives with whites. In their book, Voices of a People's History of the United States, Howard Zinn and Anthony Arnove referred to this period of time as "an early example of...ethnic cleansing" (Zinn 133). By 1838, the federal government forced the Cherokee people west of the Mississippi, killing one-fourth of their population in the process