...Barbara Jeanne Fields Slavery, Race and Ideology in the United States of America Two years ago, a sports announcer in the United States lost his job because he enlarged indiscreetly—that is, before a television audience—upon his views about ‘racial’ differences. Asked why there are so few black coaches in basketball, Jimmy ‘the Greek’ Snyder remarked that black athletes already hold an advantage as basketball players because they have longer thighs than white athletes, their ancestors having been deliberately bred that way during slavery. ‘This goes all the way to the Civil War,’ Jimmy the Greek explained, ‘when during the slave trading . . . the owner, the slave owner would breed his big black to his big woman so he could have a big black kid, you see.’ Astonishing though it may seem, Snyder intended his remark as a compliment to black athletes. If black men became coaches, he said, there would be nothing left for white men to do in basketball at all. Embarrassed by such rank and open expression of racism in the most ignorant form, the network fired Jimmy the Greek from his job. Any fool, the network must have decided, should know that such things may be spoken in the privacy of the 95 locker-room in an all-white club, but not into a microphone and before a camera. Of course, Jimmy the Greek lays no claim to being educated or well informed. Before he was hired to keep audiences entertained during the slack moments of televised sports events, he was...
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...Reference……………………………………………………………………………. 12 Introduction “For the only great men among the unfree and the oppressed are those who struggle to destroy the oppressor” (The Grounding With My Brothers, pg. 131). Walter A. Rodney otherwise known as 'Brother Wally' was a charismatic Caribbean intellectual. Rodney’s humanity poured out of his personality with a profound sense of the personal. He was articulate and well-spoken, well-educated and informed, a personable listener and one who was in tune with the 'grassroots'. He was able to fuse his knowledge of history, especially African history, with liberation politics. Many of his talks can be found in his book "The Groundings with My Brothers," however a brief portrait does no justice to the heritage he left. Walter A. Rodney was a revolutionary and scholar that combined his scholarship with activism and became a voice for the under-represented and disenfranchised and this of course distinguished him from his academic colleagues. Rodney’s duality as an intellectual and an activist, caused him to challenge the prevailing assumptions about African history and put forth his own ideas and models for analyzing the history of oppressed peoples. Influenced by the Black Power Movement...
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...A Baptist policy on immigration and asylum seekers The world currently faces a global refugee crisis with up to 40 million displaced people (the majority of whom are women and children). Australia currently accepts around 13,750 refugees each year as part of total planned annual immigration of around 182,000 people. This paper identifies social and political problems relating to asylum seekers and refugees. It examines the biblical teaching on a responsible Christian approach to asylum seekers and refugees, and discusses some of the ways in which Australian Baptists have responded to the challenges of immigration and asylum seekers. It concludes with a new policy proposal for the consideration of Australian Baptist Ministries, the various State and Territory Baptist Unions, and local churches. There is also a guide to further information. The situation facing Australia today Immigration policy is one of the two most bitterly contested issues in Australian politics, and has been for more than ten years. People who seek asylum by boat, and various policy instruments designed to deter both asylum seekers and people smugglers, have been at the heart of an increasingly contentious public and political discussion in Australia for more than a decade. The debate has polarised large sections of the Australian community and prevented many politicians from engaging in a constructive policy dialogue. With little to differentiate their product, especially on economic and employment...
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...regional, or state, governments. 1. Population; the people who live within the boundaries of the state 2. Territory; land with known and recognized boundaries 3. Sovereignty; the supreme and absolute power within a state’s territory to decide its own foreign and domestic policies 4. Government; the institution through which society makes and enforces public policies 5. Force theory; the state was born of force, when one person or a small group gained control over people in an area and forced them to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. 6. Evolutionary theory; the state evolved from early families that united to form clans. Later, clans united to form tribes. As tribes settled into agricultural groups over time, they formed states. 7. Divine right theory; God created the state and gave a chosen few the right to rule. 8. Social contract theory; people voluntarily agreed to create a state and give to the government just enough power to promote the safety and well-being of all. Government exists to serve the will of the people, and the people are the sole source of political power. Chapter Outline 2 I. Section 1: Government and the State A. Definition of Government and the State 1. legislative, executive, judicial 2. state B. Political Ideas and the Purpose of Government 1. force 2. evolutionary 3. divine right 4. social contract 5. Preamble II. Section 2: Forms of Government A. Who Can Participate? 1. representative democracy 2. direct ...
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...“Puritan dicta” outlined by Baldwin represents the American ideology before the Second World War. As the first settlers of this nation, the Puritans set the mold for many common American ideologies. In the Puritan view white represented good and black represented evil, including Africans and their culture. After the war, Baldwin states that the former puritanical views of whites will be challenged. Musicians such as Elvis Presley were the first to issue this challenge to white society. Early rockers like Elvis would pave the way for social commentary in music that would add much fire to the Civil Rights Movement. To fully understand the explosion of popularity of Black music in the years following World War II, one must understand the social conditions in which Blacks and Whites lived in the South. An article entitled “Not Just the Same Old Show on my Radio” delves into the very issues behind racism. The article names three aspects necessary for social segregation to exist a stigmatism of the oppressed group; signs of “labeled interaction” between groups, and a hierarchy of discrimination. (Kloosterman, Quispel...
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...Competence in Research Describe ways to enhance the engagement of diverse populations and communities in research Identify cultural competence challenges faced by researchers when working with culturally diverse populations Cultural Competence in Research Culture is fundamental to everyone's perceived identity. It is a mix of one's values, beliefs, standards, norms, behaviors, language, communication styles, and thinking patterns.[1] Cultural competence refers to understanding the importance of social and cultural influence on the beliefs and behaviors of the patient, student, colleague or client.[2] Cultural competence in health care describes the ability of systems and health care professionals to provide high quality care to patients with diverse backgrounds, values, beliefs, and behaviors, including communicating effectively and tailoring delivery to meet patients' social, cultural and linguistic needs and perspectives.[3] By definition, diversity can include differences in race, ethnicity, age, gender, size, religion, sexual orientation, and physical and mental ability.[4] Many terms are used to describe cultural competence: awareness[5], responsiveness, safety[6] and sensitivity. But, unlike cultural responsiveness, sensitivity[7], or appropriateness, cultural competency...
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...Assignment notes Christianity vs. Judaism: The major differencesHere, in great brevity, is a summary of some of the major differences between Judaism and Christianity. | Principle | | Christianity | | Judaism | Nature of God | | Trinity | | Unity | Nature of Messiah | | Divine, Sin Sacrifice | | Only human, Righteous King | Atonement | | Blood Required | | Prayer and Repentance | Sin | | Everyone stained by Adam and Eve ("original sin") | | All begin with clean slate | Righteousness | | No one | | Within our power to choose | Satan | | Fallen angel | | Agent of God | Torah | | Written only | | Written and Oral | Commandments | | Not eternal or valuable | | Eternal and of ultimate value | Exclusivity | | Only Christians go to heaven | | All righteous have a place in the world to come. | Land of Israel | | Irrelevant | | Crucial | Jews | | Replaced by the church; or irrelevant | | God’s chosen people | Judaism is one of the world’s oldest religions, dating back up to 2000 years BC from the time when God first called Abraham to leave his home and follow Him. At that time, God made a covenant (or agreement) with Abraham in which He promised to make Abraham the father of a great nation and that one day his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan if Abraham followed him. God’s plan was gradually revealed through the Old Testament and built on with further promises to Moses, David and the prophets...
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...Global Business Cultural Analysis: Brazil Liberty University BUSI 604 Abstract This research paper analyzes the effect of Globalization on the country of Brazil, and how its economy compares to other South American countries and the world. This review will provide factual evidence of the integration of the Brazilian products internationally, and how its economy has evolved to compete in the international markets. A Comparative summary of evidence will be provided in this analysis between the business culture of Brazil, North American, Central America, the Caribbean, and other South American countries economic framework. The framework of the origins of Brazil, and to the progression of the nation into one of the top economies; will be discussed in this assignment. A small glimpse of the picturesque country will be provided in the form of pictures, to give the reader a greater ability to visualize this country and its inhabitance. The major elements and dimension of culture is reviewed, and these dimensions are; what the major elements and dimensions of culture are in this region; how these elements and dimensions are integrated by the locals conducting business in this region; how these cultures and dimensions compare with U.S. cultures and business; and what the implications are for U.S. businesses that wish to conduct business in that region. This paper will review some of the desires of Brazil’s government to be one of the world’s leading...
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...the Criminal Justice System ETHICAL BACKGROUND It is generally agreed that discrimination based on ethnic origin is morally wrong and a violation of the principle of equality. The equality principle requires that those who are equal be treated equally based on similarities, and that race is not a relevant consideration in that assessment (May and Sharratt 1994: 317). In other words, it is only possible to justify treating people differently if there exists some factual difference between them that justifies such difference in treatment (Rachels 1999: 94). Equality is a nonspecific term that means nothing until applied to a particular context. Thus, in a political context, equality means equal access to public office and equal treatment under the law, and equal treatment extends to equality in terms of job hiring, promotion, and pay. Race refers to groups of persons who are relatively alike in their biological inheritance and are distinct from other groups (American Anthropological Association 1997: 2). Ethnicity is a cultural phenomenon referring to a person’s identification with a particular cultural group (Hinman 1998: 403). Race is socially constructed, and the notion that persons “belong” to a particular race was developed in the last century based on the belief that there was a biological basis for categorizing groups of people. Biologically, however, the term race has no meaning, yet society continues to give the notion meaning by using it as a social category. The...
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...A note to readers. It is suggested that you increase magnification to 125% or 150% to read the guide on screen. Click on the magnifying glass icon at bottom left of the screen and select your magnification. 8 Source-based questions Key points in Chapter 8 • Source-based questions require the incremental development of defined skills. • They include an appreciation of context, comprehension, source evaluation and ability to come to a reasoned conclusion. • Good background knowledge is needed. • Class practice will develop and refine the defined skills. Overview by Neil Hart I N PREPARING FOR SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS students should first be aware of the collections of material available for their subject. On the whole, at A Level, source-based questions are connected with relatively short chronological periods - with Special Subjects or Depth Studies. Nevertheless, the array of relevant documents available can appear daunting, even though what is readily to hand in published form represents only a small proportion of extant material. Source material can never be separated from secondary work; indeed, the line between primary and secondary sources is often very fine. Professional historians use a much wider selection of documents than is available to students, and access to this greater range can therefore be gained at second hand. The work of historians is frequently indispensable in pointing out the limitations of the sources or in reinterpreting the evidence the...
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...problems and issues in American Government by applying Historical perspectives: -History Repeats Itself +A new Communication medium paves the way to Electoral Victory- Meaning the internet and social media have revolutionized American politics. Campaign advertising is the use of an advertising campaign through the media to influence political debate and ultimately voters. Political advertising has changed drastically over the last several decades. Harry S. Truman was proud of his accomplishment of shaking approximately 500,000 hands but his accomplishment was soon pale compared to the next presidential election with the advent of television, war hero and presidential candidate D.W Eisenhower created commercials to get votes and so on and it different with different elections and different decades. +The Power of Incumbency- It is usually used in reference to elections where races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbents. Incumbents have easier access to campaign finance and government resources that can be indirectly used to boost a campaign. Incumbency is any elected official who is already in office and seeking re-election. 2. Explain the Philosophical underpinnings of American Political System through the Exploration of important theories such as the “Social Contract” theory and the concept of the “Natural Law”: -Forms and Functions of Government +Authority- The ability of public institutions and the officials within them to make laws, independent...
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...ISLAM AND ITS PERSPECTIVE ON KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIAL ORDER Dr Zafar Iqbal An Overview of Islam Islam means tranquillity and peace. This word (22:78; 5:03)[1] comes from the inquiry that lies at the core of the whole edifice of Islam: what kind of life ought one to live to attain bliss (falah) in the here and the hereafter (1:1-6; 7:96)? The answer lies in reflecting on the purpose of life i.e., why are we here? What does it mean to be a human being? Are we the product of a random evolution of atoms and molecules clinging together or part of a bigger plan? How are we measuring up to our evolution or creation? Revelation responds to these questions by taking the position that everything in the universe is part of a meticulous plan being executed by the First Cause - God - who is the Creator of all, each with sustenance and purpose (11:6). He has created humankind[2] not in vain but to serve as His agents / trustees / viceroys on the earth (6:165; 35:39; 57:7). In this capacity, they are required to manage the resources of the earth such that all benefit equitably[3] and the original balance in creation is maintained (55:7-9). To this end, they are bound by a covenant with God (7:172; 20:115) and every action that they undertake with the intention of fulfilling that covenant constitutes an act of worship (51:56-7). Thus the temporal and spiritual are inextricably linked from an Islamic perspective. There are several other unique features of this God-human relationship...
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...Race Discrimination Chapter Outline * Opening Scenarios * Statutory Basis * Surprised? * Background * General Considerations * Recognizing Race Discrimination * Racial Harassment * A Word about Color * The Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts * 42 U.S.C. Section 1981 * 42 U.S.C. Section 1983 * 42 U.S.C. Section 1985 * Management Tips * Summary * Chapter-End Questions Opening Scenarios SCENARIO 1 An employer has a “no-beard” policy, which applies across the board to all employees. A black employee tells the employer he cannot shave without getting severe facial bumps from ingrown hairs. The employer replies that the policy is without exception and the employee must comply. The employee refuses and is later terminated. The employee brings suit under Title VII on the basis of race discrimination. Does he win? Why? Why not? SCENARIO 2 Two truck driver employees are found to have stolen goods from the cargo they were carrying. The black employee is retained and reprimanded. The white employee is terminated. The white employee sues the employer for race discrimination under Title VII. Who wins and why? SCENARIO 3 A black female employee is terminated during a downsizing at her place of employment. The decision was made to terminate the two worst employees, and she was one of them. The employer had not told the employee of her poor performance nor given her any negative feedback during evaluations...
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...that existed. At the age of eighteen, he started as a teacher and ever since had been a student as well as a teacher. After graduating from college in 1960, on a scholarship he pursued graduate studies in France. Dr. Shariati, an honor student, received his doctorate in sociology in 1964. When he returned to Iran he was arrested at the border and imprisoned on the pretext that he had participated in political activities while studying in France. Released in 1965, he began teaching again at Mashad University. As a Muslim sociologist, he sought to explain the problems of Muslim societies in the light of Islamic principles - explaining them and discussing them with his students. Very soon, he gained popularity with the students and different social classes in Iran. For this reason, the regime felt obliged to discontinue his courses at the university. Then he was transferred to Teheran. There, Dr. Shariati continued his very active and brilliant career. His lectures at Houssein-e-Ershad Religious Institute attracted not only six thousand students who registered in his summer classes, but also many thousands of people from different backgrounds who were fascinated by his teachings. The first edition of his book ran over sixty thousand copies...
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...SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT A Comparative Study Of The Different Political, Social And Economic Theories Of Development by ALLAN D. TOCA Master in Economics ATTY. DANILO S. AZANA Professor 1st Semester, 2011-2012 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Political, Social And Economic Theories Of Development I. Political Theorists A. John Locke: The Labor Theory Of Value B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract C. Jeremy Bentham: The Greatest Good II. Economic Theorists A. Aristotle B. Plato C. Xenophon D. Thomas Aquinas E. Nicolo Machiavelli F. Jean Bodin G. Antonio Serra H. Thomas Mun I. Physiocrats J. Merchantilists K. Adam Smith L. W.W. Rostow M. Thomas Malthus N. David Ricardo O. Karl Marx P. Jean Sismondi Q. Friedrich List R. Henry Charles Carey S. Henry George T. John Maynard Keynes U. Joseph Schumpeter V. Friedrich Hayek W. John Kenneth Galbraith Chapter 3 Summary, Conclusion and Sources Although the idea of a natural or just price or wage is very noble, prices in reality are subjective. As a human I agree. I mean in the ideal world it would be nice if a fair days work for a fair days pay. Further a fair price based on, I do not know what, something fair and just. But the reality is different. Prices and wages in the real world not the Platonic world are determined subjectively, by supply and demand. That is something in the...
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