...Salvatore fdedi.tex V2 - 11/10/2012 9:37 A.M. Page iv International Economics Eleventh Edition Dominick Salvatore Fordham University VICE PRESIDENT & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR OPERATIONS MANAGER CONTENT EDITOR SENIOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT CONTENT MANAGER SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF MARKETING MARKETING MANAGER LEAD PRODUCT DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA SPECIALIST DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER COVER PHOTO CREDIT George Hoffman Joel Hollenbeck Yana Mermel Jennifer Manias Erica Horowitz Lucille Buonocore Sujin Hong Amy Scholz Jesse Cruz Allison Morris Elena Santa Maria Harry Nolan Madelyn Lesure ©lightkey/iStockphoto This book was set in 10/12 Times Roman by Laserwords and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley-JC. The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley-JC. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to...
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...-homicide is a crime that is socially, historically and culturally determined. * -homicide comprises a variety of offenders and victims in different social settings. * -Homicide in NSW is largely interpersonal in nature, rather than instrumental or ideological. * -Majority of interpersonal killings involved intimates. * -Homicide patterns reflect cultural norms. * -homicide is spontaneous rather than premeditated crime. * -Homicide offenders exhibit a wide range of moral culpability. 5.3 Murder S18 Crimes Act (1900) NSW S 18. (1) (a) Murder shall be taken to have been committed where the act of the accused, or thing by him omitted to be done, causing the death charged, was done or omitted with reckless indifference to human life, or with intent to kill or inflict grievous bodily harm upon some person, or done in an attempt to commit, or during or immediately after the commission, by the accused, or some accomplice with him, of a crime punishable by penal servitude for life or for 25 years. (b) Every other punishable homicide shall be taken to be manslaughter. S 18 (2)(a) No act or omission which was not malicious, or for which the accused had lawful cause or excuse, shall be within this section. (b) No punishment or forfeiture shall be incurred by any person who kills another by misfortune only. MR Intention to kill and intention to inflict GBH * Conscious purpose and decision; not desire. Put another way, one intends to do something...
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...ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CRIME Elements: Actus Reus – physical act or unlawful omission by the D Mens rea – state of mind or intent of D at the time of act Concurrence – actus reus and mens rea exist at same time Harmful result and causation – a harmful result caused both factually and proximately by D’s act Attendant circumstances – ACTUS REUS: Definition: physical/external, or objective, part of the crime Eser = Actus Reus is the comprehensive notion of the act, harm and its connecting link, causation, w/ actus [expressing the voluntary physical movement in conduct] and reus [this conduct results in a certain proscribed harm (e.g. causes injury to the legal interest protected in that crime)] Conduct crimes: punished for illegal act [e.g. driving while intoxicated] Result crimes: punished for result [e.g. murder] VOLUNTARY ACTS: Definition: The D’s act must be voluntary in the sense that it must be a conscious exercise of the will. Rationale: An involuntary act will not be deterred by punishment. Not voluntary // not liable: Conduct that is not the product of the actor’s determination. E.g. A shoves B into C w/ result that C falls to death. Reflexive or convulsive acts Acts performed while the D was either unconscious or asleep UNLESS the D knew that he might fall asleep or become unconscious and engaged in the dangerous behavior. MARTIN V. STATE: Police arrested drunk Martin at home and brought him to highway – convicted of being drunk on highway...
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...Crimes Offences against the person Offences against the person are defined as acts that intend to cause harm or injury to the victim Homicide Definition: is the unlawful killing of one person by another * Murder is the killing of one person by another “with malice aforethought”(mental component) * Manslaughter is the killing of someone in circumstances less culpable than murder. (generally given a lighter sentence than for murder) Degrees of awareness | Murder | Voluntary Manslaughter | Involuntary manslaughter | Non-criminal Killing | Intention to killReckless indifference of life Constructive murderDeath during intention to commit grievous bodily harm | Where the intention to kill or cause the act is mitigated by other factors, such as provocation or diminished responsibility | Non-reckless indifference to life or manslaughter by criminal negligenceReckless indifference to grievous bodily harmManslaughter by an unlawful and dangerous act | Death by non-criminal negligenceDeath by an unlawful act that is not dangerousAccidental deathSelf-defence | Stats: Murder: * In 2001 of the 340 homicides in Australia, 306 were murder * Maximum penalty is life imprisonment Manslaughter: * In 2001 of the 340 homicides in Australia, 34 were manslaughter * Maximum penalty is 25 years in gaol but offender may not go to gaol, may receive a lesser penalty or be acquitted Assault and Battery Assault Definition: Assault is the threatening...
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...Question 1 1. The principle or rule known as the maintenance of share capital is based on the need to protect shareholders and creditors. Share capital is the contribution made by shareholders by subscribing shares of the company. A company’s creditors can only look to the share capital for the payment in the event of a winding up. To protect creditors, a general rule known as the rule in Trevor v Whitworth was developed to prohibit a company from reducing its share capital because a reduction in capital would prejudice the rights of creditors. Moreover, the reduction would in effect diminish the pool of funds available to the company to pay its creditors. The rule in Trevor v Whitworth has been incorporated into Ch 2J of the Corporations Act 2001.Certain provisions of the Corporations Law 2001 seek to enforce the rule Trevor v Whitworth. There are a few Sections of the Corporations Act 2001 that enforce the maintenance of capital principle (or the rule of Trevor v Whitworth). Section 254T of the Corporations Act 2001 stated that a dividend may only be paid from profits. The Section 254T of the Corporations Act 2001 states that a company must not pay a dividend unless: the company’s assets exceed its liabilities before the dividend is declared and the excess is sufficient for the payment of the dividend, and; the payment of the dividend is fair and reasonable to the company’s shareholders as a whole and; the payment of the dividend does not materially prejudice the company’s...
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...improving public schools. Photo by: Susan Zox How To Use This Guide This guide can be used either with a DVD of the two-hour documentary, POISONED WATERS, or with the special DVD clip reel of program excerpts. The guide is broken into several sections. On pages 1 and 22, you’ll find a description of the main elements of the program. Pages 2-21 set out ten topics for discussion, selected to highlight important issues in protecting our waters. For example, stormwater runoff, agricultural pollution, new chemical contaminants, how grass-roots action can force a Superfund cleanup or control development. Each topic is covered by a two-page write-up and suggested questions. A matching video segment illustrates the issue. Select a topic and read the summary. Watch the matching segment on the DVD of excerpts. If you have a DVD of the full program or a special DVD that contains additional Puget segments, the DVD is chaptered to make it easy for you to locate each video segment. After reading the topic write-up and viewing the matching video clip, you can then read and discuss the related questions with your group. We hope the discussion and this program generate new ideas for...
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...This page intentionally left blank Managerial Economics Managerial economics, meaning the application of economic methods in the managerial decision-making process, is a fundamental part of any business or management course. This textbook covers all the main aspects of managerial economics: the theory of the firm; demand theory and estimation; production and cost theory and estimation; market structure and pricing; game theory; investment analysis and government policy. It includes numerous and extensive case studies, as well as review questions and problem-solving sections at the end of each chapter. Nick Wilkinson adopts a user-friendly problem-solving approach which takes the reader in gradual steps from simple problems through increasingly difficult material to complex case studies, providing an understanding of how the relevant principles can be applied to real-life situations involving managerial decision-making. This book will be invaluable to business and economics students at both undergraduate and graduate levels who have a basic training in calculus and quantitative methods. N I C K W I L K I N S O N is Associate Professor in Economics at Richmond, The American International University in London. He has taught business and economics in various international institutions in the UK and USA, as well as working in business management in both countries. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge...
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...Case 1: Specific Performance Remedy Denied on Equity Standard Campbell Soup Co. v. Wentz et. al. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS THIRD CIRCUIT 172 F.2d 80 (1949) OPINION BY: GOODRICH The transactions which raise the issues may be briefly summarized. On June 21, 1947, Campbell Soup Company (Campbell), a New Jersey corporation, entered into a written contract with George B. Wentz and Harry T. Wentz, who are Pennsylvania farmers, for delivery by the Wentzes to Campbell of all the Chantenay red cored carrots to be grown on fifteen acres of the Wentz farm during the 1947 season . . . The contract provides . . . for delivery of the carrots at the Campbell plant in Camden, New Jersey. The prices specified in the contract ranged from $23 to $30 per ton according to the time of delivery. The contract price for January 1948 was $30 a ton. The Wentzes harvested approximately 100 tons of carrots from the fifteen acres covered by the contract. Early in January 1948, they told a Campbell representative that they would not deliver their carrots at the contract price. The market price at that time was at least $90 per ton, and Chantenay red cored carrots were virtually unobtainable. The Wentzes then sold approximately 62 tons of their carrots to . . . Lojeski, a neighboring farmer. Lojeski resold about 58 tons on the open market, approximately half to Campbell and the balance to other purchasers. On January 9, 1948, Campbell, suspecting that Lojeski was selling it "contract carrots," refused to...
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...Journal of Applied Philosophy,Suicide Intervention and Non-Ideal Kantian Theory Vol. 19, No. 3, 2002 245 Suicide Intervention and Non-Ideal Kantian Theory MICHAEL J. CHOLBI Philosophical discussions of the morality of suicide have tended to focus on its justifiability from an agent’s point of view rather than on the justifiability of attempts by others to intervene so as to prevent it. This paper addresses questions of suicide intervention within a broadly Kantian perspective. In such a perspective, a chief task is to determine the motives underlying most suicidal behaviour. Kant wrongly characterizes this motive as one of self-love or the pursuit of happiness. Psychiatric and scientific evidence suggests that suicide is instead motivated by a nihilistic disenchantment with the possibility of happiness which, at its apex, results in the loss of the individual’s conception of her practical identity. Because of this, methods of intervention that appeal to agents’ happiness, while morally benign, will prove ineffective in forestalling suicide. At the same time, more aggressive methods violate the Kantian concern for autonomy. This apparent dilemma can be resolved by seeing suicide intervention as an action undertaken in non-ideal circumstances, where otherwise unjustified manipulation, coercion, or paternalism are morally permitted. 1. The chances are good that each of us will some day confront a person close to us contemplating suicide. Every year...
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...[Transcriber's Notes] Original "misspellings" such as "fulness" are unchanged. Unfamiliar (to me) words are defined on the right side of the page in square brackets. For example: abstemious diet [abstemious = Eating and drinking in moderation.] The blandness of contemporary (2006) speech would be relieved by the injection of some of these gems: "phraseological quagmire" "Windy speech which hits all around the mark like a drunken carpenter." [End Transcriber's Notes] BY GRENVILLE KLEISER HOW TO BUILD MENTAL POWER A book of thorough training for all the faculties of the mind. Octa cloth, $3.00, net; by mail, $3.16. HOW TO SPEAK IN PUBLIC A practical self-instructor for lawyers, clergymen, teachers, businessmen, and others. Cloth, 543 pages, $1.50. net; by mail, $1.615. HOW TO DEVELOP SELF-CONFIDENCE IN SPEECH AND MANNER A book of practical inspiration: trains men to rise above mediocrity and fearthought to their great possibilities. Commended to ambitious men. Cloth. 320 pages, $1.50. net; by mail, $1.65. HOW TO DEVELOP POWER AND PERSONALITY IN SPEAKING Practical suggestions in English, word-building, imagination, memory conversation, and extemporaneous speaking. Cloth, 422 pages, $1.50 net; by mail, $1.65. HOW TO READ AND DECLAIM A course of instruction in reading and declamation which will develop graceful carriage, correct standing, and accurate enunciation; and will furnish abundant exercise in the use of the best examples...
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...Fifteen Thousand Useful Phrases 1 Fifteen Thousand Useful Phrases Fifteen Thousand Useful Phrases Project Gutenberg's Fifteen Thousand Useful Phrases, by Greenville Kleiser This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Fifteen Thousand Useful Phrases A Practical Handbook Of Pertinent Expressions, Striking Similes, Literary, Commercial, Conversational, And Oratorical Terms, For The Embellishment Of Speech And Literature, And The Improvement Of The Vocabulary Of Those Persons Who Read, Write, And Speak English Author: Greenville Kleiser Release Date: May 10, 2006 [EBook #18362] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIFTEEN THOUSAND USEFUL PHRASES *** Produced by Don Kostuch [Transcriber's Notes] Original "misspellings" such as "fulness" are unchanged. Fifteen Thousand Useful Phrases Unfamiliar (to me) words are defined on the right side of the page in square brackets. For example: abstemious diet [abstemious = Eating and drinking in moderation.] The blandness of contemporary (2006) speech would be relieved by the injection of some of these gems: "phraseological quagmire" "Windy speech which hits all around the mark like a drunken carpenter." [End Transcriber's Notes] BY GRENVILLE KLEISER HOW TO BUILD MENTAL POWER...
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...Abstract The research is aimed at solving a problem in Media and how it reports. The Problem which this study wishes to study is how is the handling of the Media Landscape in the fields of Terrorism Crime and the Violence in Mindanao and how did it affect Muslim Communities attitudes and Behavior towards the institution of Media. The hypotheses is the there is a significant effect on the behavior of the community and their views on the institution of Media. To gather data and to analyze this problem the researchers used a descriptive status analysis which seeks to answer questions to real facts relating to existing conditions in group of cases that is chosen for study. The sample is determined using a simple random sampling which aimed at a minimum target of 300 respondents which is the 10% of the population of the area which is 3,000. The respondents where chosen out of the 19 Muslim Communities found in Metro Manila, the number of ethnic groups in the area is more diverse than most other Muslim Communities in the Metro Manila area. The subjects aged 15- 40 years regardless of educational background and social status. The study did not put too much stress on the quality of the respondents because it is important that a more honest response and to measure their knowledge of issues, this is done to observe their experiences outside of the Muslim Community. The researchers opted to use a survey method to gather the data needed for this research. The study employed a Likert...
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...MIcroeconomics: Markets, Methods & Models Douglas Curtis and Ian Irvine | Version 2014/2015 $ ADAPTED OPEN TEXT FORMATIVE ONLINE ASSESSMENT COURSE SUPPLEMENTS COURSE LOGISTICS & SUPPORT a d v a n c i n g l e a r n i n g www.lyryx.com Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en_GB Douglas Curtis and Ian Irvine Edition 1.11 This edition is differentiated from the first edition solely by minor editorial adjustments. Content has not been altered. Microeconomics: Markets, Methods and Models About the Authors Doug Curtis is a specialist in macroeconomics. He is the author of twenty research papers on fiscal policy, monetary policy, and economic growth and structural change. He has also prepared research reports for Canadian industry and government agencies and authored numerous working papers. He completed his PhD at McGill University, and has held visiting appointments at the University of Cambridge and the University of York in the United Kingdom. His current research interests are monetary and fiscal policy rules, and the relationship between economic growth and structural change. He is Professor Emeritus of Economics at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario, and Sessional Adjunct Professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario Ian Irvine is a specialist in microeconomics, public economics, economic inequality...
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...Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts Peter A. Facione The late George Carlin worked “critical thinking” into one of his comedic monologue rants on the perils of trusting our lives and fortunes to the decision-making of people who were gullible, uninformed, and unreflective. Had he lived to experience the economic collapse of 2008 and 2009, he would have surely added more to his caustic but accurate assessments regarding how failing to anticipate the consequences of one’s decisions often leads to disastrous results not only for the decision maker, but for many other people as well. After years of viewing higher education as more of a private good which benefits only the student, we are again beginning to appreciate higher education as being also a public good which benefits society. Is it not a wiser social policy to invest in the education of the future workforce, rather than to suffer the financial costs and endure the fiscal and social burdens associated with economic weakness, public health problems, crime, and avoidable poverty? Perhaps that realization, along with its obvious advantages for high level strategic decision making, is what lead the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to comment on critical thinking in his commencement address to a graduating class of military officers. Teach people to make good decisions and you equip them to improve © 2013, 2011, 2006, 2004, 1998, 1992, Peter A. Facione, Measured Reasons and The California Academic Press...
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...Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald 1 Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald Project Gutenberg's English Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: English Synonyms and Antonyms With Notes on the Correct Use of Prepositions Author: James Champlin Fernald Release Date: May 21, 2009 [EBook #28900] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENGLISH SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS *** Produced by Jan-Fabian Humann, Stephen Blundell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net English Synonyms and Antonyms A Practical and Invaluable Guide to Clear and Precise Diction for Writers, Speakers, Students, Business and Synonyms and Antonyms, by James Champlin Fernald Professional Men Connectives of English Speech "The work is likely to prove of great value to all writers."--Washington Evening Star. 2 "The book will receive high appreciation from thoughtful students who seek the most practical help."--Grand Rapids Herald. "It is written in a clear and pleasing style and so arranged that but a moment's time is needed to find any line of the hundreds of important though small words which this book discusses."--Chattanooga Times. "Its...
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