...Introduction Nowadays, we live in a world that is converging in a fast-paced as a result of globalization with its active forces—leading to the tremendous rise in global capitalist economy. The demand for energy continue to sky-rocket in this modern world whilst major players in the world today; such as the United States, countries in the European Union and Japan are at alert in the sense that, China, one of the world fastest growing economy has been considered as a new competitor in the competition of securing a long term energy supplies around the globe. As China’s economy is rapidly growing and in other to acquire the needed resources to support its rapid growth, the government have taken a great step in focusing in other part of the world to secure oil which they deemed necessary coupled with other raw materials across the world. The rising economy of China was stated to have grown in an extraordinarily large number of nine (9) per cent per annum in the last twenty five (25) years whereas its consumption of energy has been said to have doubled to the extent that it outstripped the production of domestic energy. (Africa-practice report, 2007, p.2) Significantly, to catch up with the demand of its market, the economic powerhouse has channelled its attention to Africa. A continent widely known for its social and political unrest, though Chinese active involvement in Africa is a necessary mission in other for them to secure new export market for their manufactured goods, there...
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...supply of financial services to low-income employees, which is closer to the retail finance model prevalent in mainstream banking. Community-based savings bank in Cambodia. There are a rich variety of financial institutions which serve micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses. For some, microfinance is a movement whose object is "a world in which as many poor and near-poor households as possible have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers."[1] Many of those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor people out of poverty, including participants in the Microcredit Summit Campaign. For others, microfinance is a way to promote economic development, employment and growth through the support of micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses. Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit services to poor clients. Microcredit is one of the aspects of microfinance and the two are often confused. Critics may...
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...Brics summit “The aim of brics is to convert their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout” BRICS is the title of an association of leading emerging economies, arising out of the inclusion of South Africa into the BRIC group in 2010. As of 2012, the group's five members are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. With the possible exception of Russia, the BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs. As of 2012, the five BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people, with a combined nominal GDP of US$13.7 trillion, and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves Presently, India holds the chair of the BRICS group. Due to steady growth in BRICS nations in the recent past their share in global output has grown from 11% in 2005 to 18% in 2010. President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao has described the BRICS countries as defenders and promoters of developing countries and a force for world peace. The BRIC grouping's first formal summit commenced in Yekaterinburg on June 16, 2009, with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending. In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of...
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...poor. Microfinance is the provision of financial services to low-income clients or solidarity lending groups including consumers and the self-employed, who traditionally lack access to banking and related services. More broadly, it is a movement whose object is "a world in which as many poor and near-poor households as possible have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers."[1] Those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor people out of poverty. Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit services to poor clients. Although microcredit is one of the aspects of microfinance, conflation of the two terms is endemic in public discourse. Critics often attack microcredit while referring to it indiscriminately as either 'microcredit' or 'microfinance'. Due to the broad range of microfinance services, it is difficult to assess impact, and very few studies have tried to assess its full impact.[2] Contents [hide] • 1 Challenges • 2 History • 3 Boundaries and principles • 4 Debates at the boundaries • 5 Financial needs of poor people • 6 Ways in which poor people manage their money • 7 Current scale of microfinance operations • 8 Domestic microfinance o 8.1 History of domestic microfinance in USA o 8.2 History of domestic...
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...According to a paper published in 2005, Mexico and South Korea were the only other countries comparable to the BRICs, but their economies were excluded initially because they were considered already more developed, as they were already members of the OECD.[5] The same creator of the term "BRICS" coined the term MIKT, that includes Mexico and (South) Korea. Several of the more developed of the N-11 countries, in particular Turkey, Mexico, Indonesia and Nigeria, are seen as the most likely contenders to the BRICs. Some other developing countries that have not yet reached the N-11 economic level, such as South Africa, aspire to BRIC status. Economists at the Reuters 2011 Investment Outlook Summit, held on 6–7 December 2010, dismissed the notion of South Africa joining BRIC.[6] Jim O'Neill told the summit that he was constantly being lobbied about BRIC status by various countries. He said that South Africa, at a population of under 50 million people, was just too small an economy to join the BRIC ranks.[7] However, after the BRIC countries formed a political organization among themselves, they later expanded to include South Africa, becoming the BRICS.[8] Goldman Sachs has argued that, since the four BRIC countries...
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...INTRODUCTION ―The Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law, principles which are common to the Member States.‖ - Article 6, Treaty on European Union The European Union is not a federation like the United States. Nor is it simply an organization for cooperation between governments, like the United Nations. Neither is it a State intended to replace existing states, but it is much more than any other international organization. The EU is, in fact, unique. Never before have countries voluntarily agreed to set up common institutions to which they delegate some of their sovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically at a higher, in this case European, level. All EU decisions and procedures are based on the treaties agreed to by all EU countries, under which sovereignty is shared in specified areas. The result is a union of 27 Member States covering 1.6 million square miles with roughly half a billion people producing almost a third of the world‘s gross national product and speaking more than 23 1 languages, bound together by a desire to promote peace, democracy, prosperity, stability, and the rule of law. The EU embraces the fundamental values shared by its Member States across a multitude of cultures, languages, and traditions. The Member States agree that democracy is the best form of government. They believe in societies that encourage...
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...1. Introduction/background: this section should include objectives and scope of your study as well as background information on global financial markets. You may highlight what happened in the global economy in recent past (say April- early August 2011) and that would set your platform for undertaking this study (business research report). Allow 1-1.5 pages for this section. Post GFC the global economy in my opinion is still reverberating with the ramifications of this tragic event. The tipping point of consumer and business credit has left the global economy “cooling down” by policies and recommendations of FDIC the federal deposit insurance corporation and TARP Troubled Asset Relief Program. The growth for the two largest economies is decelerating (R.Miller 2011) as finance ministers and central bankers arrive at the semi-annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. The increasing price of petrol has lowered consumer and business disposable income worldwide, and in the U.S budget cuts and a tighter monetary policy has limited the demand in China. The third largest economy Japan is recovering from the aftermath of the recent earthquake. While in Europe the possibility of a divided European Union becomes a probability for some members of the trading block as the debt crisis has claimed its third victim Portugal The objective of the study is to somehow interpret and create a better understanding of global and economic events and how these events affect...
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...and interpretations in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC). Copyright © 2009 Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) for the overall Working Paper Series. The copyright of the content of the paper remains with the author(s) and/or the institution(s) submitting the content. Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) 2508 Fowler Street Falls Church, VA 22046-2012, U.S.A. Tel. +1 703 532 4893 E-Mail: contact@bangladeshstudies.org http://www.bangladeshstudies.org Rights and Permissions All rights reserved. Text and graphics may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes, provided that credit is given to the source. Reproductions for commercial purposes are forbidden. The Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC) disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues in Bangladesh. Our main objective is to disseminate findings and ideas quickly, so we compromise to some degree on quality. The papers are signed by the author(s) and should be cited and referred accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s). They do not necessarily represent the view of the BDRC. Working Papers are available online at http://www.bangladeshstudies.org/wps/ ii An Analysis of SAFTA in the Context of Bangladesh ...
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...Islamabad Faculty of Contemporary Studies International Relations Department Research Paper SIGNIFICANCE OF PAK-RUSSIA RELATIONS: FOREIGN POLICY OPTIONS FOR PAKISTAN By: Arshad Mahmood, M.Phil (IR), NDU, Islamabad 20 November 2012 Submitted to: Dr Shaheen Akhtar Associate Professor Department of International Relations NDU, Islamabad SIGNIFICANCE OF PAK-RUSSIA RELATIONS: FOREIGN POLICY OPTIONS FOR PAKISTAN ABSTRACT Pak-Russia relations, viewing from a realist perspective, have not been built upon strong pillars of understanding each other’s interests and concerns which are most essential for establishing enduring bilateral ties. The history of their bilateral relations is simply a tale of misperception and misunderstandings. Both the nations despite having convergence of interests on various bilateral, regional and international issues and immense potentials in cooperation have never availed opportunities. In fact both, Pakistan and Russia had viewed each other through the prism of other states and with wrong perceptions. The changing international environment and internal and regional political dynamics of both the states have now provided another chance their elites to revisit their bilateral relations and lay down a foundation for a prosperous future. SECTION-1 INTRODUCTION Background 1. On 26 December 1991 the world witnessed the collapse of the first and the largest communist country - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)...
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...Between Sentiment and Self-Interest: Turkey's Policy toward Azerbaijan and the Central Asian States Author(s): Philip Robins Reviewed work(s): Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 593-610 Published by: Middle East Institute Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4328631 . Accessed: 14/11/2012 11:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Middle East Institute is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Middle East Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.72.230 on Wed, 14 Nov 2012 11:59:35 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BETWEEN SENTIMENTAND SELF-INTEREST:TURKEY'S POLICY TOWARDAZERBAIJANAND THE CENTRALASIAN STATES Philip Robins HEN the new republics of CentralAsia and Azerbaijanbegan declaring theirindependencefromMoscow nearthe end of 1991,there was greatexcitement in certain Western circles about Turkey'sfuturerole in their development. Their bond was frequently mentioned, and...
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...------------------------------------------------- ‘Funding the Greener Technology’: Economic and Strategic Measures Taken by India for Low Carbon Future ------------------------------------------------- An Analysis Economics – I Submitted TO Mr. K. Rajendra Kumar Lecturer, NALSAR University of Law Submitted By Shailesh Singh 2010 63 NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad ------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Table of Authorities 2 List of Books 2 List of Articles, Journals & Governments Reports 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Climate Change and Its Economic Aspect 4 1.2. The Two Way Approach – Mitigation vis-a vis Adaptation 4 Background and Objective 7 Methodology 7 2. Climate Change and India 8 2.1. The Rationale Behind 8 2.2. Measures Taken By India against Climate Change 9 2.2.1. Adaptative Measures – 9 2.2.2. The Adaptation Mission and Their Key Objectives 12 2.2.3. Mitigation Measures – 14 3. Budgetary Outlays for Climate Change Measures : An Analysis 19 4. Concluding Remark 20 Table of Authorities List of Books * Andrew E. Dessler and Edward A. Parson, Global Climate Change : A new type of Environmental Problem in The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change, 2 * Mike Hulme, A Change in the Weather?- Coming to terms with Climate Change in Global Environmental Issues 2 List of Articles, Journals & Governments Reports * A report on Interactive Session on National...
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...1 National Goods and Services Tax Bill, 2014 introduced in Lok Sabha It is also called Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill It seeks to introduce Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime Inserts article Articles 246A, 269A and 279A in the Constitution Provides for Union Finance Minister headed GST Council Sets in a uniform and integrated indirect tax regime in India 14th Finance Commission submitted its report to President It covers the period between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2020 The Commission headed by former RBI Governor Y V Reddy Provides for devolution of tax receipts from the Centre to the States Article 280 of Constitution provides for appointment of Finance Commission First and 13th Finance Commission was headed by K C Neogy & Dr Vijay Kelkar resp. Union government decriminalized Attempt to Suicide For this purpose Section 309 of Indian Penal Code removed 20th Law Commission headed by Justice A P Shah recommended in its 210 Report 210th Report on Humanization and Decriminalization of Attempt to Suicide France was the first country to decriminalize this offence Lok Sabha passed the Repealing and Amending (Second) Bill, 2014 Introduced as a periodic measure for updating the list of laws in force Seeks to repeal 90 laws and pass amendment to two laws Proposes to amend the two laws to rectify typographical errors The laws are Railways...
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...Asean 2015 SO soon! Indeed time flies at lightning speed and here staring at us is Asean 2015! And what’s in it for us in academe? But first, a very brief overview of Asean. We are one of ten countries wishing to band together as a single market. We expect that by end of December this year Asean will have measures mostly in place which are designed, like the European Union, to reduce trade barriers and consequently attract more investments. We expect to have free flow of goods, services, investment and skilled labor among “us” – us, meaning the ten member countries of Southeast Asia with the 617 million people (2011 estimate) inhabiting Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. In the future, two other countries could be incoming members of Asean: Papua New Guinea (on candidate status since 1976) and Timor-Leste (on observer status since 2002). These two countries have a combined population of 7,300,000 (2011 estimate). Unlike the EU, Asean will likely not have a common currency and neither the same nor a similar governing structure. About education, four priorities in this area have been laid down by the Asean Education Ministers. These are first, promoting Asean awareness among Asean citizens, particularly the youth; second, strengthening Asean identity through education; third, building Asean human resources in the educational field; and fourth, strengthening the Asean University Network. Committees on these...
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...Rabeya feels secured about her future Ms. Rabeya Boshri a beneficiary of the "Jonaki Samiti" of Coast Trust, Cox's Bazar is a successful borrower of microcredit loan operations. She lives with her husband, Mr. Abdus Salam, a daughter and two sons. At present all her children go to school and she is able to bear both the educational and family expenses. Along with that she is now able to make some personal savings additional to general savings of "Jonaki samiti". But things were not the same even few years earlier. Her husband was a day labourer and it was very hard to bear family expenses with his single income. Their life was becoming tougher day by day and Rabeya wanted to do a bit by herself to help her husband from this growing desolation. One day she came to know that a samiti named "Jonaki" operated by Coast Trust, provides loan wih nominal conditions for a number of Income Generating Activities (IGAs). Sooner she spoke to the Chairperson of the "Jonaki Samiti" and became a memeber of that samity. After accomplishing all the regulations together with general savings she got her first loan installment of Taka 7000. She invested the money in vegetable cultivation. Subsequently she was able to sell some amount of vegetable per week after meeting her own family demand which helped her husband with additional income. In the intervening time she was able to save Taka 3000 along with the ragular savings of samiti and gradually she repaid the loan. After the repayment of...
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...012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx Academic Year 2011-2012 International Business Environment Jean-Guillaume DITTER, PhD Groupe ESC Dijon Bourgogne – Burgundy School of Business SUPPORT DOCUMENT I - CASE STUDIES The texts making-up this document review and emphasize significant issues covered during the sessions. The questions asked at the beginning of each set of texts are meant to help students identify the issues that they should pay attention to. Students will work in teams on one single case study (see class outline for number of students per team). Each team will produce a presentation slideshow of its case study (7-10 slides per presentation, depending on the size of the case). Slideshows will be presented orally during sessions, according to the class outline (1520mn per presentation). Each team member will actively participate in his/her team presentation. Page 1 of 35 012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx CONTENTS Case Study 1. Text 1. Text 2. Text 3. Case Study 2. Text 4. Case Study 3. Text 5. Text 6. Text 7. Case Study 4. Text 8. Text 9. Text 10. Text 11. Text 12. Text 13. Case Study 5. Text 14. Text 15. Text 16. Text 17. Text 18. Text 19. Case Study 6. Text 20. Text 21. Case Study 7. Text 22. Text 23. Text 24. Text 25. Chinese Mercantilism .................................................................................................... 3 Chinese New Year ............................................................................................................
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