...RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC: Rising inflation in Pakistan: Causes and Remedies SUBMITTED BY: NAILA ERUM NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD Rising inflation in Pakistan: Causes and Remedies Introduction Pakistan is currently facing unprecedented high Inflation. High inflation is contributing to increase in vulnerability and fall in real income of lower, middle and fixed income segments of the society. It is increasing uncertainty about future scenario of the business environment and instability of the financial system, erosion of business and investors’ confidence, slowing down of real economic activities, investment, economic growth and employment. Inflation is known as a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, there is a decline in the real value of money and purchasing power. Inflation is an indicator of a country’s macro economic stability and provides important insight on the state of the economy and the sound macroeconomic policies that govern it. A stable inflation not only gives a nurturing environment for economic growth, but also uplifts the poor and fixed income citizens who are the most vulnerable in society. A numerous supply side and demand side factors could be responsible for this surge in inflation. Inflation can be a result of shocks to the supply of certain food items and to world...
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...Urban Housing Markets in China Yongzhou Hou Stockholm 2009 Report 88 Building and Real Estate Economics Department of Real Estate and Construction Management Royal Institute of Technology Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan © Yongzhou Hou 2009 Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Building & Real Estate Economics Department of Real Estate and Construction Management SE – 100 44 Stockholm Printed by Tryck & Media, Universitetsservice US-AB, Stockholm ISSN 1104-4101 ISRN KTH/BFE/M-09/88-SE ISBN 978-91-977302-5-9 Abstract This thesis focuses on problems of prices and risks in the housing markets of urban China. What drives the dynamics of housing prices across regions is not only of great interest for academic researchers but also of first importance for policy makers. It is also interesting to pay attention to the issue of housing bubbles at a city level and risk allocations from an institutional view. To address the issues, the thesis applies both qualitative and econometric approaches in analyzing the urban housing markets of China. The first paper reviews articles mainly published in Chinese core journals. The existing studies are mainly concerned with such six topics as institutions, policy, land, finance, price and market. The first three topics involve the public housing allocation system reform, such fiscal and monetary tools as tax and interest rate, and the land reserve system. The housing finance treats such subjects of mortgages, bubbles and financial systems...
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...Research in Sustainable Energy Economics Shuddhasattwa Rafiq Greenpeace Video on Sustainable Energy.mp4 Presentation Plan • Motivation • Research areas • Papers and proposals in different research areas Motivations To undertake meaningful academic and professional research in the field of energy economics which would ultimately lead to delivering key sustainability principles in regional, national and international levels. Pure data driven analytical studies based on recent quantitative research underpinnings strengthen sustainable energy planning to ensure community involvement, inter-generational equity, biological diversity, ecological integrity, and precautionary social and environmental investment. Research Areas • • • • Energy Conservation Renewable Energy Sustainable Mining Community Oil Price Volatility Energy Conservation (a) Rafiq, S. and Salim, Ruhul A. 2010, ‘The Linkage between energy consumption and income: A multivariate cointegration analysis in developing economies,’ International Journal of Emerging Markets, forthcoming. (b) Rafiq, S. and Salim, Ruhul A. 2009. ‘Temporal causality between energy consumption and income in six Asian emerging countries,’ Applied Economics Quarterly, Vol. 55, no. 4, 335-350. Objective: • Identifying energy conservation possibilities in emerging economies by implementing a multivariate demand side time series econometric analysis. (c) Rafiq, S., Salim, Ruhul A. and Bloch, H. 2010, ‘Relationship between oil consumption...
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...Econ 545 Micro Analysis Project 1 Business Economics 545 Fewer Physicians Project 1 INTRODUCTION Based in recent surveys, reports show a trending decline on the rate at which physicians move. Statistically, this may suggest the economy is preventing or affecting physicians from frequent job changes, or retirement. According to survey results, the move rate was reported as follows: 18.2% in 2008, 15% in 2009, 12.4% in 2010, and 11.3% in 2011. In as much as this reflects an obvious trend of lower move rate over the years, and may be attributed to a number of factors, it is however not enough scientific measure to ascertain the market supply and demand for physicians. PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current position of physicians, and to establish an informed/detailed study of the trends. The research will also establish a theoretical framework of these trends, and their relatedness to the law of Demand and Supply with a focus on physicians. This review will among other things, institute recommendations. DEMAND DETERMINANTS The Law of Demand: As an initial approach, the analysis in this research paper will not be far-reaching if the concept of Demand is not critically examined. Demand has been defined in Economics as the goods and services people are willing and able to buy during a certain period of time at various prices, holding all other relevant factors constant. A simple way to explain this would be to use an everyday example of say - a café. If for instance...
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...International Journal of Production Research Vol. 48, No. 17, 1 September 2010, 5137–5155 Supply chain performance measurement: a literature review Goknur Arzu Akyuz* and Turan Erman Erkan Department of Industrial Engineering, Atilim University, Kizilcasar Mahallesi, 06836 Incek Go¨lbasi, Ankara, Turkey (Received 19 February 2009; final version received 2 June 2009) This paper is intended to provide a critical literature review on supply chain performance measurement. The study aims at revealing the basic research methodologies/approaches followed, problem areas and requirements for the performance management of the new supply chain era. The review study covers articles coming from major journals related with the topic, including a taxonomy study and detailed investigation as to the methodologies, approaches and findings of these works. The methodology followed during the conduct of this research includes starting with a broad base of articles lying at the intersection of supply chain, information technology (IT), performance measurement and business process management topics and then screening the list to have a focus on supply chain performance measurement. Findings reveal that performance measurement in the new supply era is still an open area of research. Further need of research is identified regarding framework development, empirical cross-industry research and adoption of performance measurement systems for the requirements of the new era, to include...
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...Economic and Monetary Policy Auditing and Business Concepts Submitted by: Edmore H. Delaney Perspective of the Economic and Monetary Policy Framework of the Republic of Liberia This paper is intended to capture the framework of the economy and monetary policy of the Republic of Liberia and the effectiveness it pursues in the implementation its institutional framework. The economy continues to be plagued by a multiplicity of social, financial and economic challenges which has seen production level of the sector far below prewar levels (Findlay & O’Rourke, 2007). Consequently, the government’s approach has been directed towards vigorous pursuing money and credit supply to stabilize the economy. In order for Liberia to implement a sound economic and monetary policy, the government needs to ensure that a monetary aggregate is achievable. The Central Bank of Liberia in 2005, initiated a program to ensure stability of money demand functions where interest rate and income will significantly have impact on the money demand function (Matthew, 2009). The real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2014, which was initially projected at 5.8%, is estimated to decline to 2.5% or less by the end of the year. According to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning due to the absence of EVD, growth projections in 2014 reflected a weaker economic outturn as compared to the previous year (2013). This growth was driven largely by the expansion...
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...Introduction As we know Bangladesh is a country of middle income. Nearly 65% of total population income is less than $1. Bangladesh is primarily an agrarian economy. 66% of in Bangladesh people are work in agriculture sector. Nowadays price hike is one of the main concerns of Bangladeshi people. Though their income is not increase as much as need but their expenses are increases day by day. As a result people consume more than their income. And poor people are getting poorer day by day. Government has taken some short-term policies but those are not paying off. In this report we try to understand that why price hike in Bangladesh, what is the reason behind it an, what consequent are arises among Bangladesh people for these unsustainable price hike in consumption goods and what are the initiative measures government can take to at least make the price level sustainable. What is Inflation? Inflation is the rise in general level of prices of goods and services. It can be said in other ways that inflation is the decrease in value of money. It means that • Each dollar can purchase fewer amounts of goods and service then previous. • It reduces the purchasing power of the currency. Inflation does not mean that all prices are increasing, even during period of rapid inflation; some prices may be relatively constant while others are falling. The troublesome aspect of inflation is that prices rise unevenly, some raises sharply, some slowly and some don’t rise at all. The main...
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...Student Name: Instructors Name: Date: Supply vs Demand Abstract Supply and demand are two important concepts in a marketplace. These concepts are dynamic and vary from market to market. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast the supply and demand concepts based on available scholar material. The comparison involves reviewing the literature material under the definitions of demand and supply; the relationship between supply and demand; the effect of supply and demand on the market; and the factors affecting demand and supply in the United States of America. The review uses book materials in economics including the classical economics. Definition of demand and supply The demand in economics is defined as the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price during a given period of time, (Richard Ely, 1919). In economics, demand is greater than a desire to purchase. Richard argues that a beggar, for instance, may desire a good house, but due to lack of money to pay for the house, the demand becomes ineffective. Such a demand has no purchasing power. Thus, demand in a market is dependent on desire, affordability and willingness to purchase. Supply is defined as the number of goods and services that the seller is willing to sell at a given price, (Richard Ely, 1919). Richard clearly states that supply is seller-centered. Like the demand concept, supply depends on the availability of goods, the price of the goods...
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...Evanston, IL 60208 Telephone: (847) 491-2662, Fax: (847) 467-1202 E-mail: c-chapman@kellogg.northwestern.edu SSRN Research Page: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=417740 Education HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL, BOSTON, MA Doctor of Business Administration degree, Accounting and Management, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Professors Paul M. Healy, V.G. Narayanan & Thomas J. Steenburgh. HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL, BOSTON, MA Master of Business Administration degree, 2003. Graduated with High Distinction as a George F. Baker Scholar. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD – MAGDALEN COLLEGE, ENGLAND Master of Arts degree in Mathematics, 1995 Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics, 1989. Graduated with Honors. Publications “Buy-Side vs. Sell-Side Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts” with Boris Groysberg and Paul M. Healy. The paper examines relative accuracy and bias of different analysts and proposes a number of possible explanations for the findings that the analysts at the Buy-side firm studied appear significantly less accurate and more optimistic than those working for sell-side firms. Financial Analysts Journal, July/August 2008, Vol. 64, No. 4: 25-39. “An Investigation of Earnings Management through Marketing Actions” with Thomas J. Steenburgh. Combining new, hand-collected data regarding firm performance with an existing and widely studied dataset, the paper examines how firms use marketing actions to manage earnings. We identify predictable changes in the frequency of...
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...Research on the Topic Sin Taxes Name Institution Introduction It is undeniable fact that the issue of sin taxes existed long before the last financial crisis that hit the globe in the year 2008. The current global situation faced with challenges of health and financial crises, sin taxes are designed to maximize government expenditures with less loss and to reduce or regulate undesirable behaviors considered harmful to the society. The proposed sin taxes by various governments globally aim products such alcohol beverages, bullets, sugary soft drinks, fatty snacks, and gasoline among other products (Black & Mohamed, 2006). Therefore, this research will analyze in detail the importance of sin taxing to various commodities with the core aims of promoting healthy lifestyles, improving society health outcomes, reducing government expenditure, and enhancing environmental sustainability. The success of this research is highly dependable on the use of varied research articles, journals, and textbooks. Cumulatively, the research will illuminate light on the different benefits associated with the sin taxes. Sin taxes discourages people from adopting unhealthy behaviors (Reiter, 1995). The taxes are designed with the core aim of raising prices of the sinful goods to make people opt for healthier goods. However, this do not happen in accordance with the expectations since increasing the taxes on the sinful good leads to people substituting it with...
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...com/ECON-102-Complete-Course-American-Public-University-1111118.htm?categoryId=-1 If You Face Any Problem E- Mail Us At JohnMate1122@gmail.com 8 – Week Course Outline Please see theStudent Handbook to reference the University’sgrading scale. Table of Contents Week Topic(s) Learning Objective(s) Reading(s) Assignment(s) 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics • LO 1: Describe the characteristics of demand and supply, and apply the demand and supply model. • LO 2: Define real gross domestic product and identify the phases of a business cycle. • LO 3: Define inflation and deflation, and explain how each affects the price and economic growth of an economy. • LO 4: Articulate why the price-level changes and how it can affect economic stability. • LO 5: Explain how unemployment is calculated and measured in the United States. • LO 6: Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the government in the economy. • LO 7: Identify the components of the macroeconomy and relate them to the circular flow diagram. Describe the characteristics of demand and supply, and apply the demand and supply model. Unit 1 http://www.saylor.org/courses/econ102/ DQ1: Self Introduction and Understanding Plagiarism. DQ2: The three primary concerns in macroeconomic analysis. Please submit your responses to DQ1 and DQ2 to the Forum Section. 2 Measuring Aggregate Output • LO 8: Describe the measurement of GDP using the expenditure approach and the income approach. • LO 9: Explain the other measures...
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...com/ECON-102-Complete-Course-American-Public-University-1111118.htm?categoryId=-1 If You Face Any Problem E- Mail Us At JohnMate1122@gmail.com 8 – Week Course Outline Please see theStudent Handbook to reference the University’sgrading scale. Table of Contents Week Topic(s) Learning Objective(s) Reading(s) Assignment(s) 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics • LO 1: Describe the characteristics of demand and supply, and apply the demand and supply model. • LO 2: Define real gross domestic product and identify the phases of a business cycle. • LO 3: Define inflation and deflation, and explain how each affects the price and economic growth of an economy. • LO 4: Articulate why the price-level changes and how it can affect economic stability. • LO 5: Explain how unemployment is calculated and measured in the United States. • LO 6: Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the government in the economy. • LO 7: Identify the components of the macroeconomy and relate them to the circular flow diagram. Describe the characteristics of demand and supply, and apply the demand and supply model. Unit 1 http://www.saylor.org/courses/econ102/ DQ1: Self Introduction and Understanding Plagiarism. DQ2: The three primary concerns in macroeconomic analysis. Please submit your responses to DQ1 and DQ2 to the Forum Section. 2 Measuring Aggregate Output • LO 8: Describe the measurement of GDP using the expenditure approach and the income approach. • LO 9: Explain the other measures...
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...1. Introduction Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines internationally. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. Being a bookkeeper, Frank Robinson also had excellent penmanship. It was he who first scripted "Coca cola" into the flowing letters which has become the famous logo of today. The soft drink was first sold to the public at the soda fountain in Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta on May 8, 1886. About nine servings of the soft drink were sold each day. Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The funny thing was that it cost John Pemberton over $70 in expanses, so the first year of sales were a loss. Until 1905, the soft drink, marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine as well as the caffeine-rich kola nut. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce...
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...fuel and non-fuel commodity prices. The BDTUS$ exchange rate has been depreciating steadily for some time, reaching a record high of BDT 72.70 per USD in January 2011, which has direct impact on food inflation that Bangladesh is currently experiencing. An International Monetary Fund (IMF) study shows food prices on headline inflation has been a staggering 55.9 percent in Asia in 2007, whereas the figure was 34.1 percent in the 2000-06 period. The researchers highlight that a further depreciation of the BDT could lead to additional cost push inflation for Bangladesh. This article attempts to investigate causes and consequences of inflation on the economy of Bangladesh. This paper also reviews the past record of the inflation and makes a forecast on the possible movement of inflation. At the end on the paper the researchers forward some strategic points that might be useful to reduce inflation. Keywords: Food inflation, oil price hike, general inflation, world food price Bangladesh. 1. Introduction Rising rate of inflation has become a serious concern in Bangladesh in recent years. The prices of essential commodities have gone up, and so is the cost of living. The country‟s vast multitude of poor and unemployed people is having a difficult time surviving. According to the estimates by the BBS, the inflation rate, on a point-to-point...
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...Assignment 1: Principles of Economics Due Week 4 and worth 200 points Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1.Suggest how an economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse. Provide two (2) possible solutions to this problem. Include the four (4) elements of the economic way of thinking in your analysis. 2.Analyze how prescription drugs affect the demand and supply of other products and services in this country. 3.Formulate a reason why the elasticity of demand is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in supply and why the elasticity of supply is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in demand. Include at least one (1) example in each scenario. 4.Provide two (2) examples of increasing-cost industries in your state and propose why they would have a positively sloped supply curve. 5.Suggest how, under certain conditions, a perfectly competitive market is economically efficient. 6.Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: •Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. •Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page...
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