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Supporting Successful Aging

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Due to the rapid rise in life expectancy and the declining fertility rate during the past century, the growth in the elderly fraction of the population has accelerated (Kaplan et al., 2008). In 2013, the older population – persons 65 years or older – numbered 44.7 million, representing 14.1% of the U.S. population, about one in every seven Americans (Administration on Aging, 2015). “Between 2003 and 2013, the number of Americans aged 45-64 (who will reach age 65 over the next two decades) increased by 20.7%” (Administration on Aging, 2015, p. 2). For Americans age 60 and over, this percentage increased by 30.7%, from 48.1 million to 62.8 million (Administration on Aging, 2015). Additionally, the world’s population of older adults (60 years …show more content…
However, the advancement of supporting ‘successful aging’ has been stymied by the controversy in its definition. The most commonly used definition is one coined by Rowe and Kaplan (1998) and includes the main elements of: (1) the absence or avoidance of disease and risk factors for disease; (2) maintenance of physical and cognitive functioning; and (3) active engagement with life (including maintenance of autonomy and social support). Other theorists have conceptualized the main constituents of ‘successful aging’ to include: life expectancy; life satisfaction and wellbeing (includes happiness and contentment; mental and psychological health; cognitive function; personal growth; learning new things; physical health and functioning, independent functioning; psychological characteristics and resources, including perceived autonomy, control, independence, adaptability, coping, self-esteem, positive outlook, goals, sense of self; social, community, leisure activities, integration and participation; and social networks, support, activity (Bowling & Dieppe, 2005). The definition of ‘successful aging’ is further complicated by the dearth of studies that have examined older people’s views of what is successful aging (Phelan, Anderson, Lacroix, & Larson, …show more content…
Support for the study of contemporary factors and trajectories of ‘successful aging’ will provide empirically-based findings, which will contribute to updating current programs that do not reflect reality and/or to developing new policies and programs that reflect the contemporary determinants of ‘successful aging’ and provide appropriate extrinsic

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