...Rectal prolapse occurs when part of the large intestine’s lowest section (the rectum) slips outside the muscular opening at the end of the digestive tract (MayoClinic, 2017). Causes of Rectal Prolapse: -Chronic constipation or chronic diarrhea (Huether & McCance, 2017) -Long-term straining during bowel movements (Huether & McCance, 2017) -Old age (Weakened rectal/anal and pelvic wall muscles) (MayoClinic, 2017) -Injury to the anal and/or pelvic area (MayoClinic, 2017) -Damage to the nerves that control the anus and rectum to contract (Causes of nerve damage are: pregnancy, difficult vaginal childbirth, anal sphincter paralysis, spinal injury, back injury/back surgery, and/or other surgeries of the pelvic area) (MayoClinic, 2017) -Chronic...
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...Generic Name:BisacodylBrandName:DulcolaxDosage:10mgRoute:SuppositoryFrequency:Stat | Classification:LaxativeMechanism of Action:Stimulates the muscles in the wall of the small intestine and colon to generate a bowel movement. | Indications:• Relief of acute constipationContraindications:Drug is not contraindicated in the patient but here are some:• Acute surgical abdomen• nausea• intestinal obstruction• fecal impaction• use of rectal suppository in presence of anal or rectal fissures• ulcerated hemorrhoids• proctitis | Adverse Effects:The patient doesn’t experience any adverse effect of the drug but here are some:• mild cramping• nausea• diarrhea• fluid and electrolyte disturbances | Nursing Responsibilities:ICU staff nurse is the one who administered drug but here are some nursing responsibilities:• Check vital signs before giving the drug for baseline date• Check the site to determine possible contraindications• Explain the procedure to the client for orientation• Observe the client after administering the drug to note any possible side effects• Assess client’s feeling to determine if the client is to generate a bowel movement• Check for the stool and document data for reference | Generic Name:FurosemideBrandName:LasixDosage:20mgRoute:IVFrequency:PRN | Classification:Loop DiureticsMechanism of Action:Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal and distal tubules as well as the ascending in the loop of Henle | Indications:• Edema• HypertensionContraindications:Drug...
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...Chapter 6: Cancer Care *The following is a sample care plan meant for adaptation. Always revise to meet your facility’s protocols and the latest research and nursing diagnoses. |PLAN OF NURSING CARE | |The Patient With Cancer | |nursing diagnosis: Risk for infection related to inadequate defenses related to myelosuppression secondary to radiation or antineoplastic | |agents | |goal: Prevention of infection | |Nursing Interventions |Rationale |Expected Outcomes | |1. Assess patient for evidence of infection: |1. Signs and symptoms of infection may be |● Demonstrates normal temperature and vital | |a. Check vital signs every 4 hours. |diminished in the immunocompromised host. |signs. | |b. Monitor white blood cell (WBC) count and |Prompt recognition of infection and subsequent |● Exhibits absence of signs of inflammation: | |differential...
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...problem is with erections, do you have more trouble getting an erection, maintaining an erection, or both? Do you have a steady sexual partner? Yes No Other (explain) When did your current sexual problems begin? Was the onset sudden or gradual? Sudden Why do you think you are having sexual problems? Psychological? Physical? When was the last time you had successful intercourse? Are (or were) your erections straight or curved? Are (or were) your erections painful? Yes How does your sexual partner view your problem? Do you talk about it? Yes Gradual Other (explain) No Other (explain) No Yes No Are there problems developing due to the sexual problem? What treatment plans have you heard about? (Please circle) Psychological counseling Penile implants Hormone injections Vacuum pumps Urethral suppositories Yohimbine How old were you when you became sexually active with partners? Have you ever been sexually abused? Yes Add any information that you believe to be helpful. No Central Maryland Urology Associates, PA Urology Patient Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire Page 2 of 4 Patient’s Name: Date: Circle the following with Yes, No or N/A (not applicable). Do you get firm erections under any of the following conditions: Ø Early morning/awakening from sleep Yes No Ø With the need to urinate Yes No Ø Manual stimulation – self Yes No Ø Manual stimulation – partner Yes No Ø Oral stimulation Yes No Ø Anal sex Yes No Ø Female partner other than spouse Yes No Ø Male partner...
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...Unit 4222-616 Administer medication to individuals and monitor the effects. Outcome 1: 1.1: Legislations: - The Medicines Act (1968): This governs the use of medicines for human use and for veterinary use. - Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations (COSHH): This is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health. - The Health and Safety at Work Act: This is the primary legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain. The Health and Safety Executive are responsible for the enforcement of this act. - The Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 2001: This controls the import, export, supply and possession of dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs. - Health and Social Care Act: This Act, the regulations and guidance are part of a wider regulatory framework that includes regulation of professionals such as Doctors, Nurses and Social Workers. - The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971: This act creates three classes of controlled substances, A, B and C. It lays out the range of penalties for the illegal or unlicensed possession and possession with to supply, for each class. - Date Protection Act: This covers any data that can be used to identify a living individual. - Hazardous Waste Regulations: These replaced the Special Waste Regulations 1996 in England. They removed the requirement to pre-notify the Environment Agency before the movement of any hazardous waste and include a simpler method for...
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...History The practice of medicine in both Europe and North America during the early 19th century is sometimes referred to as heroic medicine because of the extreme measures (such as bloodletting) sometimes employed in an effort to treat diseases.[6] The term allopath was used by Hahnemann and other early homeopaths to highlight the difference they perceived between homeopathy and the medicine of that time. With the term allopathy (meaning "other than the disease"), Hahnemann intended to point out how physicians with conventional training employed therapeutic approaches that, in his view, merely treated symptoms and failed to address the disharmony produced by the underlying disease.[clarification needed] Homeopaths saw such symptomatic treatments as "opposites treating opposites" and believed...
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...Power of Attorney; either medical or financial while she is still in a reasonable decision making state. The Enduring Power of Attorney is a legal document appointing a person to make decisions in behalf of the patient, when the patient is no longer able to do so. Do Not Resuscitate Directive (DNR), is a document that forbids or at least questions the benefits of a cardio pulmonary resuscitation and can only be written by Christine’s doctor. All of the above-mentioned documents, the nurse may suggest it as part of her role, to advocate and protect Christine from further pressure and stresses that may arise within or from family members. If the patient loses capacity to make decisions they can write a legal document, that stipulates their treatment preferences and the nurse must ensure is provided as requested. The legislation of these documents is variable from state to state; therefore the nurse must have an understanding of the state legislature, to be able to practice within her scope. As already mentioned, Do Not Resuscitate Directive is an order that states the wish of the patient, not to be given Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation, because it won’t be beneficial to the patient and is written by a doctor only. However, the nurse should be aware that there might be further legal implications. In such event the nurse must communicate and suggests cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with the patient, as meantime they might have changed their mind and want to be resuscitated, or the...
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...Benziodiazepine Drugs: Comparison of Diazepam, Clonazepam, & Lorazepam Table of Content Page 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction Page 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: History & Mechanism of Action Page 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: Pharmacokinetics Page 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: Comparison of Pharmacokinetics Page 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: Comparison of Pharmacokinetics Page 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: Comparison of Pharmacokinetics Page 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: Adverse Effect Page 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: Overdose Page 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diazepam: Contradiction Page 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clonazepam: Information & Mechanism of Action Page 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clonazepam: Pharmacokinetics Page 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clonazepam: Comparison of Pharmacokinetics Page 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clonazepam: Comparison of Pharmacokinetics Page 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...years ago. It has been a pioneer for group practice creation, community service, quality improvement initiatives, health informatics, and health care technology. Group Practice Creation Impacts Mayo Clinic's Growth Dr. William J. Mayo justified the concept of a group practice in a speech he delivered in 1910. He took the view that it would be foolish for a single practitioner to assume he or she had sufficient knowledge of medicine. He maintained that it is in the best interest of the patient to have practitioners join forces and coordinate care (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [MFMER], n.d.-a.) Patients realized the benefits of a team of medical experts, so patients travelled long distances for diagnosis and treatment. The Mayo Clinic website states that the "group practice concept that the Mayo family originated has influenced the structure and function of medical practice throughout the world" (MFMER, n.d.-b). According to the website, the Mayo Clinic has grown from three physicians (father and two sons) to over 55,000 staff at locations in the Midwest, Arizona, and Florida. The Mayo Clinic is most famous for its implementation of an "integrated, multi-specialty, group practice" (MFMER, n.d.-c). Mayo Clinic Community Service Reflects Mission and Values According to the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (n.d.), Mayo Clinic's mission is to "provide the best care to every patient through integrated clinical practice, education and...
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...[pic] SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES FAR 142/3 BASIC PHARMACOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 4: ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION COORDINATOR: PROF. MADYA DR. AMIN MALIK SHAH NAMES : FATIN NASUHA BINTI MAHYUDDIN MATRIC NO : 123877 DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 10 APRIL 2015 AIMS To compare the influence of the routes of administration on the onset and duration of action in response to a hypnotic drug, sodium pentobarbitone (60mg/kg), in mice. INTRODUCTION Drugs need to reach the sites of action in order to produce an effect. A suitable route of administration is important to ensure the drug entering the blood circulation to finally reach their site of action. The selection of the best route of administration of the drug depends on its physical and chemical properties. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. They may be taken by mouth (orally); given by injection into a vein (intravenously), into a muscle (intramuscularly), into the space around the spinal cord (intrathecally), or beneath the skin (subcutaneously); placed under the tongue (sublingually); inserted in the rectum (rectally) or vagina (vaginally); instilled in the eye (by the ocular route); sprayed into the nose and absorbed through the nasal membranes (nasally); breathed into the lungs, usually through the mouth (by inhalation); applied to the skin (cutaneously) for a local (topical) or bodywide (systemic) effect; or delivered through...
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...refers to a tumor of the bone marrow, and “multiple” refers to more than one area of the bone marrow being affected (Mangan, 2006, p. 64hn1). Because the disease is incurable, and because only 30 percent of patients survive longer than five years after diagnosis, living with multiple myeloma can be difficult for patients and their families (Mangan, 2006, p. 64hn1). As health care providers on the front lines of patient care, nurses must be aware of the multi-system manifestations of multiple myeloma, be able to make the assessments needed to identify and prevent complications related to the disease and its treatment regimen, and be ready to provide patients and their families with knowledge and support. In this paper, the author will first provide a full description of multiple myeloma, including etiology and risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and treatment. This accomplished, the author will apply the stages of the nursing process to nursing care...
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...1. Short History of Sopharma Established as a small manufacturing laboratory with the Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Cooperative Society in 1942, the company grew into Galenus Factory, the first modern pharmaceutical enterprise on the Balkan Peninsula. After its nationalization in 1953, Galenus Factory was renamed to Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant. After the successful privatization in September 2000, Sopharma has become a private pharmaceutical company with priorities aimed at the establishment of the world standards for quality and efficiency. In 2000, 67% of Sopharma was privatized by Elpharma - a consortium between Unipharma and Electroimpex. Bulgarian pharmaceutical company Unipharma was just privatized by the present CEO of Sopharma Ognian Donev while Electroimpex was owned by Bulgarian businessman and entrepreneur Borislav Dionisev. After Privatization Sopharma modernized and increased its production capabilities. At present Sopharma is the main unit in the structure of the group “Sopharma Industries”. As of September 2009 Sopharma owns 16 subsidiaries - 8 in Bulgaria and 8 abroad. Most of them operate in the field of medicine and produce different types of products for medicine and cosmetics or support the main activity. Some Bulgarian subsidiaries are publicly traded and are listed on the Bulgarian Stock exchange. 2. Environment a. GDP, inflation, exchange rate, current account deficit b. Products and Markets Sopharma is currently active in three areas: •...
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...oil added to bath water. Emollient lotion applied after bath. States itching is less after bath. (Complete or Partial Bed Bath) Perineal care given. Patient unable to assist but cooperative with positioning. No redness, drainage, or open areas noted. Patient complained of mild itching before perineal care. Patient reports reduced itching after perineal care. (Perineal care for Female Pt) Perineal care given. Patient unable to assist but cooperative with positioning. External genitalia show no signs of redness, swelling, or drainage. Indwelling catheter is intact and draining clear amber urine. Patient denies pain but states that he feels “very weak.” (Perineal care for a male Pt) Last BM 5 days ago. C/O abdominal fullness and rectal pressure. Abdomen distended, firm. 1,000-ml soap suds enema given with “mild” abdominal cramping during administration. Solution returned with large amount of dark-brown, soft-formed stool. (Cleansing Edema) States, “I feel better now.” Abdomen soft, nondistended. Resting in bed with side...
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...use of ADTMC (paragraph 8). . Revises guidance relevant to the assignment of screeners (paragraph 9). . Simplifies training requirements (paragraph 10). . Refines supervisory requirements (paragraph 11). . Significantly revises the screeners’ performance evaluation requirements (paragraph 13). . Allows the use of other approved algorithmic systems besides the ADTMC (paragraph 18). . Deletes the use of MEDCOM Form 425-R (Internal/External Audit Form for ADTMC). . Provides changes to the narratives that accompany the following algorithms: SORE THROAT, A-1 EAR PAIN/DISCOMFORT/DRAINAGE, A-2 SINUS PROBLEMS/PAIN, A-4 RINGING IN THE EARS (TINNITUS), A-8 EXTREMITY PAIN NOT ASSOCIATED WITH A JOINT, B-3 NAUSEA/VOMITING/DIARRHEA, C-1 RECTAL PAIN/ITCHING/BLEEDING, C-3 CONSTIPATION, C-4 CHEST PAIN, D-2 DIZZINESS/FAINTNESS/BLACKOUT, F- 1 NUMBNESS/TINGLING, F-3 PARALYSIS/WEAKNESS, F-4 FATIGUE, G-1 MEDCOM Pam 40-7-21 FEVER/CHILLS, G-2 ACNE, J-2 SHAVING PROBLEM--PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS BARBAE (PFB) (INGROWN HAIRS), J-3 DANDRUFF (SCALING OF THE SCALP), J-4 HAIR LOSS, J-5 ATHLETE’S FOOT (TINEA PEDIS), J-6 JOCK ITCH (TINEA CRURIS), J-7 SCALING, DEPIGMENTED SPOTS ON THE CHEST, BACK, AND UPPER ARMS (TINEA VERSICOLOR), J-8 FEVER BLISTERS (COLD SORES), J-10 DRUG RASH, J-14 SUNBURN, K-8 . Contains changes in appendix B, List of Medications. . Adds constipation to list of terms defined in the glossary. 2 MEDCOM Pam 40-7-21 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY HEADQUARTERS,...
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...paragraph on the use of ADTMC (paragraph 8). . Revises guidance relevant to the assignment of screeners (paragraph 9). . Simplifies training requirements (paragraph 10). . Refines supervisory requirements (paragraph 11). . Significantly revises the screeners’ performance evaluation requirements (paragraph 13). . Allows the use of other approved algorithmic systems besides the ADTMC (paragraph 18). . Deletes the use of MEDCOM Form 425-R (Internal/External Audit Form for ADTMC). . Provides changes to the narratives that accompany the following algorithms: SORE THROAT, A-1 EAR PAIN/DISCOMFORT/DRAINAGE, A-2 SINUS PROBLEMS/PAIN, A-4 RINGING IN THE EARS (TINNITUS), A-8 EXTREMITY PAIN NOT ASSOCIATED WITH A JOINT, B-3 NAUSEA/VOMITING/DIARRHEA, C-1 RECTAL PAIN/ITCHING/BLEEDING, C-3 CONSTIPATION, C-4 CHEST PAIN, D-2 DIZZINESS/FAINTNESS/BLACKOUT, F- 1 NUMBNESS/TINGLING, F-3 PARALYSIS/WEAKNESS, F-4 FATIGUE, G-1 MEDCOM Pam 40-7-21 FEVER/CHILLS, G-2 ACNE, J-2 SHAVING PROBLEM--PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS BARBAE (PFB) (INGROWN HAIRS), J-3 DANDRUFF (SCALING OF THE SCALP), J-4 HAIR LOSS, J-5 ATHLETE’S FOOT (TINEA PEDIS), J-6 JOCK ITCH (TINEA CRURIS), J-7 SCALING, DEPIGMENTED SPOTS ON THE CHEST, BACK, AND UPPER ARMS (TINEA VERSICOLOR), J-8 FEVER BLISTERS (COLD SORES), J-10 DRUG RASH, J-14 SUNBURN, K-8 . Contains changes in appendix B, List of Medications. . Adds constipation to list of terms defined in the glossary. 2 MEDCOM Pam 40-7-21 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY HEADQUARTERS, UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL...
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