Survey to Update Population and Distribution Estimates of the Javan Gibbon
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the
Gibbon’s
Voice
The newsletter of the
Gibbon Conservation Center
Volume 10, Issue 1
Santa Clarita, California, USA
www.gibboncenter.org
September 2008
The Gibbons Are Calling You to Breakfast!
Come join us for our Fall fundraiser, “Breakfast With the Gibbons”, on Sunday,
October 19, 2008, 8:30AM to 12Noon, at the Gibbon Conservation Center. Bring your friends and family for a lively morning that includes gibbon serenading, a special vegan breakfast, and two educational tours of the Center with director Alan Mootnick.
Learn about these endangered primates, and see how they thrive at GCC. You’ll meet five different species of gibbon—including several infants born at the Center.
photo by Gabriella Skollar /Gibbon Conservation Center
You’ll also get a jump on your holiday shopping with our new expanded retail section.
In addition to our plush primate dolls and GCC shirts and hats, we’re now featuring jewelry and other items from the gibbons’ countries of origin. These purchases help the local economies and discourage economic practices destructive to the gibbons’ natural habitats.
“Breakfast With the Gibbons” will also feature a children’s area with gibbon-related crafts, raffle, and other exciting surprises. It’s a great way to spend the morning and help the conservation of these most endangered primates.
Tickets are $35 for adults; $30 for seniors; $15 for children 13-17; $10 for children
3-12; and free for children under 3. Go to www.gibboncenter.org to purchase your tickets now, or send a check to GCC, PO Box 800249, Santa Clarita, CA 91380.
If you can’t attend, please consider sending a donation anyway.
We added this fall fundraiser, as it is imperative that GCC relocate. Increasing industrial and residential development in Santa Clarita is encroaching on the gibbons’ home.
Just 500 feet away, cranes, power lines, helicopters, and dust create a disturbance to their tranquil lives at GCC.
Director Mootnick has located a 100-acre parcel in Moorpark, CA, to achieve the long-range, phased goals of GCC. Phase I includes ample land for large enclosures, gibbon care center, and income-producing orchards, in addition to moving costs. GCC needs to raise
$3.5 million to take the first step. This is a huge undertaking for a small organization, and every bit helps. Large and small monetary donations—as well as in-kind services and supplies—will help us reach our goals. For more details on the Gibbon Conservation Center
Master Plan, please contact us at 661.296.2737 or gibboncenter@earthlink.net.
Northern-white cheeked gibbon Mother Astriks with baby
Rossi (born at GCC 1 March 2008) Fewer than 500 are left in the wild.
We are calling you for help. The gibbons are calling you!
The Gibbon Conservation Center would like to dedicate this newsletter to Linda Countryman, who passed away in August 2008. Her GCC membership card was #1, which meant as much to her as it did to us. Linda was a mentor and good friend to Alan Mootnick, and her loss is very meaningful to him.
We wish Linda the very best in her journey.
GCC BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Alan Mootnick, President; Geri-Ann Galanti, PhD, Vice-President; Jami Kennedy, Secretary/Treasurer; Barbara Adolph; Lauren Anderson, PhD;
Bob Arnold; Mike Ayars; Bill Benbassat, DpH; Patti Dahle; E. A. Hankins III, MD; Howard Martin, DVM
VOLUNTEER STAFF: Alan Mootnick, Director; Bjorn Merker, PhD, Dir. of Research; Elaine Baker, PhD, Assist. Dir. of Research; Lori Sheeran, PhD, Curator of Education and
Conservation; Howard Martin, DVM, Veterinarian; Patricia Dahle, Director’s Assistant; Dorothy Agins, Volunteer Coordinator; Gabriella Skollár, Research and Care Assistant
ADVISORY BOARD: Marvin Reingold, MD, FACS; Peter vanTuinen, PhD; Diana Alexander, DVM; Ardith Eudey, PhD; Roland Wirth; David Chivers, PhD; Rich Tenaza, PhD;
Joe Marshall, PhD; Gene Albrecht, PhD; Jatna Supriatna, PhD; Dan Miller; Ron Nadler, PhD; Ken Gold, PhD; Subramaniam Vellayan, DVM; G. Agoramoorthy, PhD; Craig Stanford, PhD; Juanita Kempe; Helena Fitch-Snyder, Dia Collins; Ann Shea; Chris Roderick; Marlon Schulman, Esq.; Julie D. Taylor
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Gibbon’s Voice
2
www.gibboncenter.org
Preliminary Report: Survey to Update Population and Distribution Estimates of the Javan Gibbon
Contributors: Dr. Sri Suci Utami Atmoko1, Made Wedana AP2, Heri Oktavinalis2,
Ery Bukhorie2
Illustrator: Ajat “Ayut” Sutarja 2
Photographs: Copy right Asosiasi Pemerhati dan Ahli Primata Indonesia (APAPI) &
Konservasi Alam Nusantara (KONUS) 2008
Report by:
Indonesian Primatological Association (IPA)
Jl. Burangrang No. 18 Bogor 16151 - Indonesia
Phone: +62 251 342135
Fax: +62 251 3573 47
Email: apapi@wcsip.org
Website: http://www.apai.org
1 Department of Biology, Nasional University of Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara (KONUS Foundation), Bandung
Reprinted by permission of the authors
Abstract
The Javan or silvery gibbon (Hylobates moloch), grizzled leaf monkey
(Presbytis comata) and Javan ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus) are endemic to Western and Central Java, and in Indonesia are categorized as endangered primates. Recently, the habitat condition and conservation status of these primates, particularly the Javan gibbon population, became critical due to forest conversion to farms and the pet trade. Conservation efforts, including managing their populations and habitats in both conservation and non-conservation areas, could help sustain these primates into the future.
The goal of this survey was to estimate the numbers of Javan gibbons, grizzled leaf monkeys, and Javan ebony langurs remaining on the island. During the survey, we explored the current population, distribution, and condition of and threats to these species’ remaining habitat in several areas in the Priangan region, West Java Province and in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten Province. We focus here on a preliminary report on the status of the Javan gibbon. These results were also presented during the Indonesian Gibbon Conservation and
Protection Workshop 20-23 February 2008 held in Lido Lake Hotel,
Sukabumi, West Java.
Introduction
Gibbons are members of the family Hylobatidae. The
Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is congeneric with agile gibbons (H. agilis) of Sumatra and Malaysia, whitebearded gibbons (H. albibarbis) of Borneo, Kloss’ gibbons (H. klossii) of the Mentawai Islands, the lar gibbons
(H. lar spp.) of Sumatra, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar,
Mueller’s gibbons (H. muelleri spp.) of Borneo, and pileated gibbons (H. pileatus) of Thailand, Cambodia and Laos. Based on the Javan gibbon’s current distribution, remaining numbers, and the rate at which its numbers in the wild appear to be declining, this species stands a 50% or more chance of going extinct within the next 10 years or three gibbon generations, whichever is longer. The threats to the Javan gibbon’s survival include continuing habitat degradation and fragmentation, as well as the trapping of young animals to be sold as pets.
Both habitat loss and capture have effectively depleted Western Java’s remaining lowland forests of wild gibbon populations; those that survive are found at altitudes of 1,000- 1,500 m, which appears to be close to the natural limit of their range.
The first population survey of the Javan gibbon was carried out in 1978 by Kappeler (1984). He identified 25 populations in forest patches in
West and Central Java. Asquith et al. (1995) resurveyed the populations located by Kappeler and identified additional populations in Western
Java close to Gunung Simpang. The 1994 Javan Gibbon and Javan
Langur (PHVA) Workshop Report indicated no more than 400 Javan gibbons in 30 protected areas, with a further 386 to 1,957 living in 23 forest patches elsewhere (Supriatna et al. 1994). Asquith et al. (1995) estimated a total wild population of 3,000 or fewer individuals in Central and Western Java. A subsequent survey from 1994-1997 revealed a number of new sites and populations in Ujung Kulon and Gunung
Halimun National Parks, now two of the species’ major strongholds
(Supriatna et al. 1998). Supriatna et al. (2001) estimated a population of 400-2,000. Additional populations were discovered by Nijman and his colleagues: one in a small forest patch in West Java, and others in three large and significant forest patches in Central Java, on the southern slopes of Gunung Segara (Pembarisan Mountains), Gunung Cupu-Simembuat, and Gunung Jaran (Nijman and
Sözor 1995; Nijman and van Balen 1998; Nijman 2004).
Nijman (2004) estimated the total number of wild Javan gibbons to be 4,000 to 4,500, and following a year-long survey, Djanubudiman et al. (2004) estimated a population of 2,600 to 5,300. Although estimates of Javan gibbon numbers vary, there is no doubt about the significant threats that all populations are facing, principally from continuing habitat degradation and fragmentation. Today, most of the remaining Javan gibbon habitats are found in submontane and montane forests (Gunung means mountain). With these current estimates the Javan gibbon is the rarest ape in Indonesia. continued on page 3
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The newsletter of the Gibbon Conservation Center in Santa Clarita, California, USA
3
Information Systems (GIS). In addition, we conducted vegetation analyses using the fruit trail method (van Schaik 1992 unpublished report) in combination with the line transect method. We calculated the number of fallen fruits on the trail as the number of patches per km of trail, per site, for different types of fruit. We also measured the altitudinal extent of gibbon habitat and identified threats and disturbances that have an impact on habitat quality.
Only three National Parks in West Java -- Gunung Gede Pangrango,
Gunung Halimun and Ujung Kulon -- have the potential to maintain populations of more than 100 Javan gibbons, but some protected areas
(Gunung Simpang, Gunung Tilu dan Telaga Warna) and protected watershed forests (Gunung Kendeng, Gunung Papandayan) also have significant numbers of these gibbons. The most recent survey (supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) documented the disappearance of a number of forest patches over the past decade, notably Bojong Picung and Pasir Susuru, and the imminent loss of Javan gibbon habitat in Leuweung Sancang, Gunung Jayanti, Gunung Tangkuban Perahu, and Telaga Warna, where only sections of the remaining forests are in legally protected areas (Djanubudiman et al. 2004).
It is important to know the exact numbers of remaining gibbons whenever possible. The protection of the forests from further destruction and the reduction of poaching are essential; otherwise these forests and their inhabitants are doomed. Translocating or moving the remaining gibbons into a successful, well managed captive breeding program for later reintroduction is a possibility. Taking them out of the wild is a drastic alternative that would require the existence of suitable habitat for release and the development of methods to safely capture gibbons.
The goal of our project was to gather information on the current status of the Javan gibbon in its remaining habitat and present updated data on its distribution, population densities and numbers.
Methods
Survey Locations
This survey was conducted in gibbons’ known habitat in West Java:
Burangrang Nature Reserve, Tangkuban Parahu Nature Reserve,
Bukit Tunggul Protected Forest, Mt. Sanggabuana Protected Forest,
Mt. Limbung Protected Forest, Papandayan Protected Forest and the surrounding area, Mt. Ceremai National Park and Ujung Kulon
National Park in Banten Province.
Results
During a two-month survey by the KONUS team (joined by the
APAPI team for Ujung Kulon National Park), we visited 63 locations, although we concentrated more on particular sites such as Burangrang,
Sanggabuana and Ujung Kulon National Park. We made special efforts to visit forest patches that had not been previously checked by researchers. Surveys in ten forested localities showed gibbon distribution with many new point surveys. We qualitatively assessed sources of threats described in the Yayasan Bina Sains dan Hayati Indonesia (YABSHI) database (Djanubudiman et al. 2004).
Gibbons can be difficult to observe in the dense rainforest, and dur- Our survey results are presented in Tables 1-5 below. In most areas, we ing surveys their presence is normally established by listening for were able to observe disturbances to habitat directly in the field. Additheir territorial calls and sounds of their movement. For our gibbon tional records were obtained by interviews with local stakeholders. We survey, we used fixed-point counts, i.e., listening for their territorial found animal traps to capture gibbons and gibbons being kept illegally songs from vantage points above the forest, and by transect walks in to be sold as pets. In this preliminary survey we estimated the density the forest. We requested additional information from officers of the and total numbers of gibbons in select sites. A more extensive survey local wildlife department (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam), the that includes more sites will be conducted in the next dry season. forestry service Perum Perhutani, and local villagers. We collected data during December 2007 and January 2008. We observed and recorded the densities, group structure and some behaviors and movements of Acknowledgments the gibbon groups using the line transect method (Burnham et. al.
1980; Whitesides et. al. 1988). We analyzed gibbon distribution with We thank The Aspinall Foundation for their financial support for additional observations on altitude and vegetation using Geographic this survey and the Eigerindo Multiproduct Industry for their kind equipment donation. Thanks to all the volunteers who joined this survey and assisted in collecting field data: Intan Nuraini, Ari Meididit, Hartati Saat, Teguh W, Valentine, Uus Sugiarto, Syamsul
Arifin, Ajat Sutarja, Ade Elan Gunawan, Alvin Andromeda, Taufik
Hidayat, Krisdianto, Muh. Muchlis, Budi Haryanto, Sigit Ibrahim,
Indra Kusumah, Sartika, and Heri Suherman. We thank Dr. Suci
Utami, Azwar, and Nahot Simanjuntak for their supervision and assistance during team preparation/training and data analyses. Finally, we thank the villagers and other community members for their support during our work at all field sites.
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5
Table 1: Javan Gibbon Population Encountered on Existing Distribution Area in Priangan Timur, West Java
Preliminary Result of Javan Gibbon Survey in West Java 2008
No.
ALTTD
Coordinate
HBT
Area
No. Indv.
Prev.
(M Asl)
1
Area/Location
Type
Status
Encountered
Study
Mt. Limbung
Notes
PF
Cigadog (G. Kasang)-Garut 1
S
PF
1 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
S:07°24´29,6” - E:107°43’34,3”
1055
S
PF
3 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Cigadog (G. Kasang)-Garut 3
S:07°24’30,6” - E:107°43’34,0”
1055
S
PF
2 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Gn. Limbung
S: 07°30´12,9” - E: 107°48´45,9”
890
L
PF
5 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Mt.Halimun-Garut
S: 07°15’30.0” - E:107°43’00.0”
1106
S
PF
(+) A //
(+) Y
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
Blok Hutan Tamiang Cangkir Kp. Citampang
S: 07°19’49,0” - E: 107°40’31,2”
1524
M
PF
2 (V)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Hutan Batu Lawang
S: 07°22’11,3” - E: 107°39’15,1”
1333
S
PF
3 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Htn. Nyampai - Curug Buta Kp. Tumaritis
S: 07°21’53,9” - E: 107°40’58,4”
1183
S
PF
(+) A //
(+) Y
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
Hutan Nyampai Kp. Tumaritis
S: 07°22’16,3” - E: 107°41’07,1”
1108
S
PF
(+) A //
(+) Y
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
Blok Hutan G. Tengah - Kalawagar Kp.
Ciangkrong
S: 07°23’37,9” - E: 107°40’29,2”
1050
S
5 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Hutan Negla Kp. Ciangkrong
3
1055
Cigadog (G. Kasang)-Garut 2
2
S:07°24´27,3” - E:107°43’34,8”
S: 07°22’32,2” - E: 107°40’57,9”
1043
S
4 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
Mt. Papandayan and Surrounding area
NR/PF
PF
PF
Blok Hutan Nyampai (Bangdalung) Kp.
Tumaritis
S: 07°22’14,9” - E: 107°40’09,5”
1110
PF
1 (DO)
(+) A //
(+) Y
Blok Pangkalan Marhudi Ciangkrong
S: 07°23’33,5” - E: 107°40’34,2”
976
L
PF
4 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
G. Tengah Ciangkrong - H. Kalawagar
S: 07°22’51,8” - E: 107°40’09,1”
1258
S
PF
3 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
G. Tengah Ciangkrong - H. Kalawagar
S: 07°22’46,3” - E: 107°40’08,3”
1266
S
PF
1 (V)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Batu Kuda
S: 07°23’24,6” - E: 107°38’46,2”
1187
S
PF
1 (V)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Batu Kuda
S: 07°23’11,7” - E: 107°38’48,0”
990
L
PF
2 (V)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Palatar
S: 07°23’23,3” - E: 107°38’56,0”
976
L
PF
1 (V)
N/V
Current survey
Pondok Haji
S: 07°21’43,3” - E: 107°38’44,1”
1311
S
PF
3 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Hutan Ciparanje Kp. Maroko
S: 07°37’09,4” - E: 107°52’55,2”
423
L
LF/FP
6 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Hutan Cicarulang Maroko
S: 07°36’39,6” - E: 107°52’11,8”
461
L
LF/FP
2 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Hutan Cicarulang Maroko
S: 07°36’43,9” - E: 107°52’08,1”
525
L
LF/FP
2 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
FP
(+) A //
(+) Y
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
FP
(+) A //
(+) Y
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
FP
(+) A //
(+) Y
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
FP
(+) A //
(+) Y
Asquith et, al. 1995;
YABSHI, 2004
NR
18-26 Ind.
Malone, (2002, 2006)
Pasir Negla - Arjuna
1300
Pasir Kohol - Arjuna
S: 07°20’37,4” - E: 107°39’51,9”
1309
Tumaritis - Arjuna
S: 07°22’00,9” - E: 107°40’58,2”
1163
Ciangkrong
4
S: 07°20’30,0” - E: 107°39’30,0”
S: 07°22’19,5” - E: 107°41’10,6”
1113
Leweung Sancang
S
S
S
S
S
S 07°43’30”- E 107°52’30”
Note: (+)= present; (x)=forest with very few gibbons; N/V= not visit; SD= secondary data; A= Asquith; Y= YABSHI; (DO)= Direct observation; (V)= Vocal/Calling
S=Submontane; M= Montane; L=Lowland forest; PF= Protection forest; NR= Nature Reserve; NP= National Park
Table 2: Javan Gibbon Population Encountered On Existing Distribution Area In North Of Bandung, West Java
Preliminary Result of Javan Gibbon Survey in West Java 2008
No.
Coordinate
ALTTD
HBT
Area
No. Indv.
Prev.
(m asl)
1
Area/Location
TYPE
Status
Encountered
Study/survey
Notes
MT. Burangrang NR
Blok Cisair
S:06°43’609’’ - E:107°33’32,5’’
1.282
S
NR
7 (2 groups) (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Curug Cilemper
S:06°42’61,7’’ - E:107°35’41,8’’
1.052
S
NR
1 group (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Blok Curug Cijalu
S:06°42’69,2’’ - E:107°35’99,1’’
1.194
S
NR
1 group (V)
N/V
Current survey
Ds. Pasanggrahan
S:06°45’45,0’’ - E:107°34’00,0’’
1.799
M
PF
(+) (SD)
YABSHI, 2004
Mt. Tangkuban Parahu NR
(x)
Kapperler, 1978,
1984.
2
Ciasem
1.228
S
NR
3 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
S: 06°44’35,5” - E: 107°37’57,3”
1.396
S
NR
3 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
Curug Sabuk
3
S: 06°43’49,6” - E: 107°36’85,4”
Mandala
S: 06°44’24,5” - E: 107°37’04,9”
1.446
S
NR
3 (DO)
N/V
Current survey
S: 06°48’30,0” - E: 107°42’45,0”
1.706
M
PF
(x)
Kappeler, 1978,
1984
Bukit Tunggul PF
Pasir buleud
Note: (+)= present; (x)=forest with very few gibbons; N/V= not visit; SD= secondary data; A= Asquith; Y= YABSHI; (DO)= Direct observation; (V)= Vocal/Calling
S=Submontane; M= Montane; L=Lowland forest; PF= Protection forest; NR= Nature Reserve; NP= National Park
continued on page 6
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Table 3: Javan Gibbon Population Encountered In Southern Part Of West Java
Based On Current Survey And Field Study By Pipo Magenda (1999)
NO.
AREA/LOCATION
COORDINATE
ALTITUDE HABITAT
(m asl)
1
Mt.tilu Nr
G. Maud
2
TYPE
NO. INDIVIDUALS
PREVIOUS
ENCOUNTERED
STUDY/SURVEY
4 Group (V)
20
NOTES
Nr
1,377
S
950 -1400
S7 14 00.0 E107 28 30.0
L/S
Mt. Simpang Nr
Simpang Utara
AREA
STATUS
Nr
Gn.tipung
Current Survey and
Yabshi, 2004
35
Yabshi, 2004
132 (40 Group)
Magenda, 1999
3 (Do)
Puncak Gupitan
7 (2 Group) (Do)
Ciogong
(V)
Gn Beser
4 (Do)
Londok
Simpang Selatan
3 (Do)
500 - 950
L
Gn.kuning I
7 (2 Group) (Do)
Puncak Cimanggu
4 (Do)
Puncak Balukbuk
3 (Do)
Curung Dayung
4 (Do)
Gn.cempa
3 (Do)
Gn.kuning Ii
4 (Do)
Gn.sumbul
3 (Do)
Gn.bubut
3 (Do)
Puncak Pasang
4 (Do)
Simpang Timur
500 - 1000
L/S
(Cihamerang)
3 (Do)
Cadas Bodas
5 (Do)
Cihanjawar
4 (Do)
Ciceuri
2 (Do)
Ciawi Tali
3 (Do)
Ciuyung
2 (Do)
Cipait
10 (3 Group) (Do)
Datar Pari
2
Cilamajang
7 (2 Group) (Do)
Gn.bunian
6 (2 Group) (Do)
Ciloher
3 (Do)
Kirtil
4 (Do)
Ciawi Temen
4 (Do)
Cisodong
4 (Do)
Simpang Barat
Gn Simpang
450 -1100
L/S
3 (Do)
Cimonyong
5 (Do)
Cireundeu
3 (Do)
Awi Temen
2 (Do)
Gn Aseupan
4 (Do)
Cisimpang
3 (Do)
Gn.bodas
(V)
Note: L= Lowland forest; S= Submontane forest; NP= National Park; PF= Protection forest; (DO)= Direct observation; (V)= Vocal/Calling
We have a huge selection of plush toys, shirts, postcards, and other gifts at our online gift shop.
Go see at www.gibboncenter.org continued on page 7
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Table 4: Javan Gibbon Population Encountered In Sanggabuana Area, West Java
Preliminary Result of Javan Gibbon Survey in West Java 2008
No.
Note: L= Lowland forest; S= Submontane forest; NP= National Park; PF= Protection forest; (DO)= Direct observation; (V)= Vocal/Calling; N/V= not visit
Table 5: Javan Gibbon Population Encountered In Ujung Kulon
Table 5: Javan Gibbon Population in Ujung Kulon Area, Banten ProvinceArea, Banten Province
Preliminary Result of Javan Gibbon Survey in Western Part of Part Of Java 2008
Preliminary Result Of Javan Gibbon Survey In Western Java 2008
No.
Area/Location
Coordinate
ALTTD.
HBT
Area
No. Indv.
Prev.
(M Asl)
Type
Status
Encountered
Study
L
Np
Ujung Kulon
Cipunaga
Asquith Et Al. 1995,
Nijman, 2004
S 06 44 13.0 E105 32 21.1
Cipunaga 2
560 Individuals
(Est.)
Notes
S 06 44 06.4 E105 32 36.7
S 06 44 07.2 E105 32 37.2
Cihonje 1
S06 43 22.1 E 105 33 32.1
12 (Do)
Current Survey
3 (Do)
Current Survey
2 (Do)
Current Survey
5 (Do)
Current Survey
8 (Do)
Current Survey
6 (Do)
Current Survey
9 (Do)
Current Survey
L
S 06 43 24.3 E 105 33 37.6
Ciawi 2
S 06 42 21.5 E 105 34 11.8
L
Cinimbung 1
S 06 41 37.6 E 105 34 57.7
L
Cinimbung 2
S06 41 19.2 E 105 35 02.3
Cilimus 1
S 06 46 069 E 105 31.975
Cilimus 2
S 06 46.069 E 105 31.975
Cilimus 3
L
S 06 47.201 E 105 31.975
S 06 46.645 E 105 31.8751
Cibiuk1
S 06 47.208 E 105 31.692
Cibiuk 2
S 06 48.240 E 105 31.943
Ermokla 1
S 06 49.099 E 105 32.198
Ermokla 2
S 6 49 20.2 E 105 32 20.4
Ermokla 3
S 6 49 42.9 E 105 31 41.8
L
L
Note: L= Lowland forest; S= Submontane forest; NP= National Park; PF= Protection forest; (DO)= Direct observation; (V)= Vocal/Calling; N/V= not visit
References
Asquith N, Martarinza M & Sinaga, RM (1995). The Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch): Status and conservation recommendations. Trop. Biodiv. 3:1-14.
Burnham KP, Anderson DR, & Laake JL (1980) Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife monographs 72:202 pp.
Djanubudiman, G, Arisona J, Iqbal F, Wibisono F, Mulcahy M, Indrawan R & Hidayat M (2004) Current distribution and conservation priorities for the Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch). Report to the Great Ape Conservation Fund,
US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, Indonesian Foundation for
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the
Gibbon’s Voice
The newsletter of the Gibbon Conservation Center in Santa Clarita, California, USA
8
FACTS ABOUT GCC
photo by R. Agha
The Gibbon Conservation Center is a nonprofit organization devoted to the study and DIRECTOR’S CORNER by Alan Mootnick
Thank you for your continued supconservation of these increasingly rare apes. Among the species housed at GCC are whiteport of the Gibbon Conservation cheeked gibbon (Nomascus l. leucogenys); siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus); pileated gibbon
Center. The Gibbon’s Voice brings
(Hylobates pileatus) and Javan or silvery gibbon (H. moloch). you scholarship on gibbons, as well
GCC specializes in noninvasive behavioral studies on gibbons, conducted by students, scias news of the Center. We rely solely entists, and volunteers working at the center. Several mated pairs have produced offspring, on donations, grants, and volunteers making an important contribution to the world’s captive gibbon population, both in terms of to maintain this haven for gibbons. numbers and genetic diversity of the species. Offspring are housed at GCC in species-typical
Please see the front page for news family units until they reach adulthood. At that time, they are removed from the family and of our fundraiser and necessary housed with a mate, just as they would normally do in the wild. GCC also offers free advice move. If you’re not able to attend to zoos, governmental agencies, and gibbon rescue centers throughout the world. A portion
Alan Mootnick our event, please consider sending a of donations are given to projects devoted to the conservation of wild gibbon populations, donation, becoming a member, and remembering us in your will especially in Indonesia, India, China, and Vietnam.
(see below). The gibbons need your help to continue singing.
For more information, see our website at www.gibboncenter.org
Editor: Alan Mootnick. Assistant Editors: Patricia Dahle; Lori K. Sheeran, Ph.D.; Julie D. Taylor. Graphic Design: Mari Richardson; Terry Olsen.
G IVING TO GIBBONS
There are many ways to contribute to the Gibbon Conservation Center -- each an integral part of the continual care and feeding of nearly 40 endangered primates.
Cash: donations of any size, plus matching gifts from employers
Yes , I would like to make a donation to GCC. I have enclosed:
In-Kind: supplies, equipment, stock, real estate, vehicles, rewards points
_ __$10* ___$25** ___$50*** ___$100 ___$250 ___$500
Membership: includes subscription to The Gibbon’s Voice and merchandise
___$1000 ___$5000 Other _______________________ discounts Adoptions: funds go to the care of a specific gibbon or species at the Center
Legacy Giving: include Gibbon Conservation Center in your will
Volunteering: feeding gibbons, data collection, maintenance
* Donation of $10 or more includes 1 year subscription to newsletter.
** $25 or more makes you eligible for our Membership Program.
*** $50 or more makes you eligible for our Adopt A Gibbon program.
All contributions are tax deductible as provided by law. Federal tax exempt number is #95-4256306.
GCC needs volunteers for feeding the gibbons, data collection and general maintenance. For information about volunteering, either contact
Patricia at gibboncenter@earthlink.net, phone 661-296-2737 (9am-8pm Pacific Time), see our website at www.gibboncenter.org or write to us.
Gibbon Conservation Center
P.O. Box 800249
Santa Clarita, CA 91380 USA
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