...1. Before we explain photocatalytic concrete ill review and explain sustainability. READ SLIDE Sustainability should be more than just not using up all the resources, but replenishing them as well. It is important that we fully understand sustainability so that its implementation becomes more predominant and we achieve a sustainable prosperity. 2. As the Vinn diagram show Sustainability is an overlapping balance of three major components, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, and ECO-LOGICAL. To achieve sustainability, non of the three can jeopardize one or the other 3. To get a better understanding I put it In my own words Sustainability should be defined as allowing all humans to live with their basic needs met but leaving the opportunity to pursue our lives in satisfaction without risking or denying others in the present and future to do the same. To do this, we must be innovative when using resources and allow ourselves room to restore them to full capacity, without furthering the de gradation of the Earth’s systems. 4. As we may already know Concrete has established itself as the most important building material worldwide with a production estimated at 10 billion tons each year. 5. Unfortunately popularity comes with a significant price, and which until recently has been too far overlooked 6. Alone, for the sheer volumes produced each year, concrete has inherited an enormous negative impact on the environment. The concrete industry has become a victim of its...
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...screening the demolished concretes. When concrete is mixed with a certain percentage of these recycled aggregates, it is then called “Recycled Concrete” (R.Dalati, 2008). The concept of sustainable construction development is becoming nowadays a widely discussed subject. It is also turning to become a challenge for the construction industry due to the increasing scarcity of natural resources and the ever increasing demolition and construction waste (Wai et al 2012). The essence of sustainable construction development can be given out as the possibility of meeting current needs taking into account the needs of future generations (Valeria et al 2009). Recently, the amount of waste incurred due to demolition and construction has been increasing because of demographic factors, more specifically: increase in population and urbanization. Therefore, the majority of the developed or emerging economies are facing the problem of handling and disposing such wastes. Considering this aspect, the utilization of these wastes and byproducts is gaining momentum and is highly regarded as an emerging necessity. This idea not only focuses on utilizing the wastes, but also has indirect benefits such as saving energy and protecting the environment. According to Mehta (2002 data) the global concrete industry consumes “close to 10 billion tons of aggregates, and produces over 1 billion tons of construction and demolition waste annually”. Aggregates constitute approximately 70% of concrete volume, thus the...
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...consumption (L1 S12) -Tool- Life Cycle Assessment (L1 S12) -LCA is to determine the TOTAL cost, energy, consumption, eco-impact, of a structure over its entire life cycle: Material production, transportation, construction, in service(+maintenance), end of life (disposal or reuse) (L1 S13) -Life cycle cost and societal costs are calculated using similar principles. (S13) 2. What does “Resilience” mean in the context of civil infrastructure? Infrastructure’s ability to resist effects of the environment and rebound back to its normal state. (ex. Earthquakes, etc.) 3. By giving an example, explain how a material (e.g., steel panels used in automobiles) impacts the environment and our energy consumption during its service life. Concrete production- during production CO2 is released into the environment from energy use. Service life only requires maintenance with minimal energy consumption. (ex. Personnel to wash off salts, etc.) 4. What is the embodied energy (materials production and processing) of an aluminum soda can weighing 100g? How many 32W compact fluorescent light bulbs can be lit for 1hr using the same amount of energy? Assume energy conversion efficiency...
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...The invention and advancement of concrete shaped the world to what it is today. Without concrete nothing today would be possible and it is the most facilitated invention in Earth’s history. The Roman’s developed cement that produced structures of remarkable durability. Most government buildings in America are based on the building styles of Rome. Concrete made transportation a possibility and reshaped the world to what it is today. Usually when there is a need for a solution, someone invents the fix. The Roman’s had many issues and many needs for concrete. Some issues were water purification, transportation, and trade. In Roman time, there was no water purification or storage to distribute from house to house. The Roman’s needed a structure that could transports, filter, and store fresh water. “Just like they conquered other people, they would conquer nature with their engineering. In the end, for this city of a million people, they had 11 aqueducts, 11 channels of over 300 miles, delivering perhaps 150 to 200 gallons per person per day, an amazing amount for the ancient world.”. Before the introduction of aqueducts, water was transported on dirt roads by horse and carriage. People would wait and wait for water and some would die because of the delay. Concrete made a water supply readily available to the roman’s and is the basis for water storage in today’s times. (Herring, Benjamin) Trade and commerce is necessary to gather resources that one country could...
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...100 years of Strength. Performance. Passion. Corporate Sustainable Development Report 2011 20 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 37 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 54 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 71 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 88 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Holcim’s original cement plant in Holderbank in the Swiss canton of Aargau. 100 The new Ste. Genevieve plant of Holcim US in Missouri. Contents Introduction Performance against targets Chairman’s statement CEO interview Vision and strategy Q “Delivering value to your stakeholders is part of your mission. How do you achieve results while operating with sustainability and integrity? Are incentives for sustainable practices integrated into performance compensation plans?” SD challenges Sustainable solutions and construction Q “What is Holcim’s contribution to improve efficiencies in the building materials industry?” Energy and climate Q “Holcim appears to be ahead of its competitors with regards to its level of carbon emissions. How does Holcim plan to further reduce its CO2 footprint, while providing the construction materials for the schools, hospitals, homes and infrastructure the world needs?” Biodiversity and water Q “Reducing energy use will in turn reduce CO2 emissions and water consumption. How can Holcim ensure that the overall synergies between energy, climate, biodiversity and water are taken into consideration?”...
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...International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 19 Number 4 – Jan 2015 Green Concrete using Plastic Waste Vikram Kathe #1 , Akshay Gangurde #2 , Abhijit Pawar#3 12 Undergraduate Student, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SIEM Nashik, University of Pune, Nashik, India Abstract— This experimental study presents the use of major plastic wastes as fine aggregates in concrete as an effective way to deal with the scarcity of sand and disposal of plastic waste. Aggregates in concrete account for the largest volume of solid material extracted around the globe at a rate far greater than their regeneration. The removal of aggregates has a major impact on rivers, deltas and marine ecosystems which results in deterioration of land through coastal or river erosion, Depletion of the water table and decrease in sediment supply. This paper emphasizes on using major plastic waste such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene to substitute the sand in concrete to tackle the ill-effects of sand extraction and the problems related to disposal of plastic waste. In addition, Aluminum powder is used to minimize the weight of concrete and plastic itself is lighter than sand which results in lightweight concrete. Overall using these ingredients to replace sand will give new dimension in concrete mix design and if applied universally would transform the construction, by reducing the cost and enable...
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...material extraction, through to materials processing and manufacturing, all the way to distribution, usage, maintenance and disposal or recycling. One company that has been at the forefront of Cement production over the years has been Heidelberg Cement. Heidelberg cement having been in operation for over 140 years is one of the world’s largest building materials companies. It is a multinational building materials company head quartered in Germany having presence in more than 40 countries with over 51,000 employees in 2,500 locations. The company, on its website lists its core activities to include the production and distribution of cement and aggregates, two essential raw materials used in manufacturing concrete. The company’s product range also includes ready-mixed concrete, concrete...
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...SYNOPSIS ON DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMACE OF CONCRETE USING SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS SUBMITTED BY: RAGHAV M Tech (STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING) DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMACE OF CONCRETE USING SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS OBJECTIVE: 1.The main objective of this study is to investigate the use of various supplementary materials for preparing concrete. 2.To compare...
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...Analysis of Indian Cement Industry 1 • Industry Structure • Regional Scenario • Demand Dynamics • Cost Structure • Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) • Demand • Key Demand Drivers • Supply • Operating Rates • Prices • Profitability • Player Profiles 2 :3 : 13 : 55 : 75 : 86 : 99 : 102 : 132 : 143 : 154 : 161 : 168 Industry Structure 3 Porter five force analysis Industry structure •As of March 2011, the installed cement capacity of large plants in India stands at approximately 284 million tonnes. •This is accounted by around 172 large cement plants. In addition to large cement plants, around 365 mini cement plants account for approximately 11 million tonnes of cement capacity in India. •The industry can be broadly classified into pan-India, regional and marginal players. Pan-India players include large players like Holcim group companies- ACC and Ambuja and Aditya Birla group company- UltraTech Cement (including Samruddhi Cement) . •Companies of both these groups are adding capacities through either greenfield or brownfield expansions. Industry structure •Players whose presence is restricted to one or two regions, with a stronghold in the markets of their respective operations are included in the category of regional players. Key examples of players included in this segment are Jaiprakash Associates (North and Central), Lafarge (concentrated in the East), India Cement (South), Shree Cement •(North), Binani Cement (North), Kesoram Industries (South), OCL (East)...
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...REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE USED IN THE SIDEWALK SYSTEM OF THE QINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY BRIDGE Ji Wen-yu,1 An Ming-zhe,1 Yan Gui-ping,1 and Wang Jun-min2 1 College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PRC 2 Beijing Municipal Engineering Research Institute, Beijing, 100007, PRC Abstract The Qinghai-Tibet railway lies in the west area of China at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. The 576-km railway is being built on frozen earth. The bad climate and sandstorms of the tundra require the concrete of the bridge to have superior mechanical properties and high durability. By adding portland cement, silica fume, superfine fly ash, and superplasticizers, reactive powder concrete (RPC) is used in the sidewalk systems of bridges with compressive strength of 160 MPa. The research shows that RPC has high strength, excellent frost durability, and impermeability. Therefore, RPC is the best choice for the Qinghai-Tibet railway. 1. Introduction The Qinghai-Tibet railway lies in Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the west area of China, at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters and in a high intensity earthquake region. The 576-km railway is being built on frozen earth. The climate conditions are harsh in that area: low air temperature, concentrated rain and snow, and heavy sandstorms. The area also has complicated geology conditions, and groundwater causes corrosion. The 334 International Workshop on Sustainable Development...
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...The construction industry is also highly connected with innovations in terms of achieving efficiency and cost effectiveness (NRC, 2013). This report will be based on the innovative concrete products, particularly analyzing Ultra-High Performance Concrete. Furthermore, other existing modern trends and issues of concrete industry are also will be examined in brief. Concrete industry According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2012), concrete plays a significant role in the modern world. Being used for construction of the majority hospitals, residential and commercial buildings, schools, bridges, runways, roads it actually shapes the built environment around us (WBCSD, 2012). Moreover, with global annual concrete production of almost 3 tons per every human in the world, it is become the most used man made material in the world. Additionally, comparing to the other building materials such as steel, plastic, wood and aluminium the amount of concrete used globally is twice as much than all of them together (WBCSD, 2012). The modern construction industry trends are closely linked with innovations of new materials, improvement of construction techniques and research is done continuously to improve economy and increase durability (Hooda et al, 2013). The manufacturers of concrete are...
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...A Project report on “HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE” BY ABHISHEK AGARWAL -10/ICE/005 ABHISHEK VISHWAKARMA -10/ICE/009 SACHIN TIWARI -10/ICE/042 VAIBHAV KUMAR -10/ICE/055 VISHWAS MISHRA -10/ICE/064 UTKARSH YADAV -10/ICE/065 VIKASH VASHISHTH -10/ICE/067 Under the Guidance of- Dr. SHILPA PAL Gautam Buddha University SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We take immense pleasure in thanking Dr. Shilpa Pal for having permitted us to carry out this project work. We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to Er. Lallan Sharma (Quality Control Engineer) in SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTRE Pvt. Ltd. and Mr. Avnish Nagar (Quality control Manager) in J.P SPORTS CITY School of Engineering, Gautam Buddha University for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped me in completing the project work, in time. Finally, yet importantly, we would like to express my heartfelt thanks to our beloved parents for their blessings, friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful completion of this project. INDEX TOPIC ...
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...Strength. Performance. Passion. Sustainable Development Report 2007 Company Profile ACC – India’s first name in cement ACC Limited, or ACC as it is popularly known, is India’s foremost manufacturer of cement. Formerly called The Associated Cement Companies Limited, ACC’s corporate office is located in Mumbai. Its operations are spread throughout the country with 14 modern cement factories having a total installed capacity of 22.4 million tones of cement per annum, a string of 20 sales offices and a countrywide distribution network of over 9,000 dealers. It has a workforce of more than 10,000 persons. A subsidiary company, ACC Concrete Limited, is a leading manufacturer of ready mix concrete that has 30 plants across the country. Established in 1936 as a merger of ten cement companies, ACC is today closely associated with the Holcim Group of Switzerland. Since inception, the company has been a pioneer and trendsetter in cement and concrete, with a unique track record of innovative research and product development. It is an important benchmark for the cement industry in respect of its production, marketing human resource management and other processes. ACC has achieved spectacular results in the utilization of two industrial wastes – namely slag from steel plants and fly ash from thermal power stations – to make blended cements that offer unique advantages to concrete. Today ACC offers total solutions for waste management including testing, suggestions for reuse, recycling...
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...Cemex: High Tech Cement Report title page +names of team members To be done Executive Summary To be done Question A. Based on case data outline the strategy followed by Cemex to achieve its position of prominence in the cement industry. What factors and resources equipped the company to grow so successfully over the period described in the case? Also, compare Cemex with Cisco. Where are they similar and where do they differ? Cemex utilized four key strategies to achieve a position of prominence in the cement industry. First, Cemex innovated state of the art technology to outperform competitors. Cemex leaders challenged the operations groups to develop more efficient ways ways to produce concrete and bought technology through acquisitions. A telecommunications network between 11 plants was established as early as 1988. The IT consulting group, Cemtec, was spun off which utilized online surveys to manage customer relations. Second, Cemex converted the commodity business into a specialty business by helping their end users improve profitability. E.g. in Mexico City, by guaranteeing delivery times of 20 minutes or less, the contractors maximize the cost effectiveness of the crews working on the site. Third, Cemex bought out competition in markets they wanted to expand influence. In some geographies, such as Mexico, Cemex owned >70% market share through acquisitions. Lastly, Cemex embraced risk management as one of its core competencies...
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...Letter of Transmittal September 25, 2012 The Supervisor Roushan Ara Sultana Assistant Professor Faculty of Business Administration University of Science & Technology Chittagong (USTC) Subject: Submission of BBA Internship Report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited.” Dear Madam, It is indeed, a great pleasure for me to be able to submit my internship report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited” I expect this report to fulfill the requirements of my internship program (BBA) at Royal Cement Limited. I have given my best effort in preparing this report and top makes it a worthy one. In order to prepare this report I have gathered some practical knowledge about Royal Cement Limited, which will assist me to incorporate my professional life and will enrich my real of knowledge. My each aspect of the topic is tried to cover as required and as per direction. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the help that you extended throughout the writing of this report. I fervently hope that you will find this report worth reading. If you have any queries regarding this report, you are welcome to contact me. Sincerely Yours Pappu Kumar Banik Roll No: - 697, Reg. No: - 671 (BBA) 23rd Batch Faculty of Business Administration University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC) Page | 1 University of Science and Technology Chittagong Acknowledgements First of all,...
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