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Swinging Sixties

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Submitted By miniamba911
Words 1076
Pages 5
Ókor (5.sz.-ig):
-Hivatás turizm.,vallási turizm.
-kereskedelmi állomások (Selyemút,
Borostyán út).
-kiterjedt bir.igaugatása gyakori
Utazással jár.-Hippokratész gyógyfürdot
Javasol betegeinek.- i.e. 776 óta olmpiai
Játékok,-szabadok ztazása a tengerpartra
És gyógyfürdokre,-patríciusok utazásai
Görögo.-ba,Közel-Keletre és Egyiptomba.
-templomok,szentélyek látogatása, zarándoklások a Szentföldre,fesztiválok
- római bir. Kituno feltételeket alakított ki az utazáshoz: úthálózat,utak mellé telepített fogadók. – i.sz. 170-ben egy 10kötetes
Görögország útikönyv jelenik meg (Pausanias)
Középkor (5-15.sz.)
-helyhez kötöttség a jellemzo,földesurak
Kiváltsága az utazás(gyulésekre,vendégségbe,
Nyári szálláshelyre)
-kereskedelem,katonák,papok,céhlegények útjai
Egyetemek között tanár-diák csere
-zarándoklatok
-vallási ünnepek (ált. nagyobb utazás nélkül)
→holy days
-Marco Polo, 1230: elso földrajzi enciklopédia
-a lovas kocsi elterjedése (az elsot a 13.-14.sz-
Fordulóján Kocson készítették)
Újkor (16.sz.-tól):
-postakocsi:útvonalán fogadók épülnek,családi
Szállodák(elsot David Low építette 1744-ben
Covent Gardenben)
-1784 elso London-Bristol postakocsijárat
-gyógyfürdok divatja,1572 Bath és Buxton
,- 1663 angliai Hertfordshire-ben útadót
Vezetnek be az útépítés költségeinek fedezésére
-1752: Dr. Richard Russel: Dissertation ont he
Use of Sea Water
-Grand tour:eu. Szárazföldi kulturális kp.jainak
Meglátogatása,eleinte 3évig tartott, a 19.sz.-ig
Külön turisztikai szolgáltatások nem álltak rendelkezésre Ipari forradalom: gozgép feltalálása
(J.Watt 1778),gozhajó (R.Fulton 1807),
Gozmozdony felfedezése (G. Stephenson
1817)
-városiasodás, -vonatkirándulások
-az elso makadámút 1816
-1825 1.vasútvonal Stockton és Darlington közt
-1830 Liverpool-Manchester közötti vasút
-1836 John Murray elso útikönyve
-1838 az elso vasúti terminálszálló Eustonban
-1839 Karl Baedeker 1. útikönyve
-1841 T.Cook elso szervezett útja Leicester és
Loughborough között vonaton., a vonatjegyeket
Viszonteladásra maga veszi meg elore és o vezeti
A kirándulást is amin570en vesznek részt. 1845-
Saját üzletet alapít,rájön,hogy tájékoztatást kell
Nyújtani a poteniciális vevokör számára. 1855-tol
Már az európai szárazföldre is utaztat. 1851 meg-
Szervezi az elso inkluzív túrát a párizsi
Világkiállításra.A szervezett csoportos utazást
Hozta így létre,amely a késobbi tömegturizmusnak
Vetette meg az alapját.o tehát a tour operator tev.
Apja. Csomagban értékesít,1867 kibocsátja az elso
Szállodavouchert.
-1840-tol szállodaépítések

-technikai fejlodést társ-i változás is kísérte,
Belföldön fellendült a családi utazás a
Tengerpartra, ahol az üdülohelyeken a
Klasszikus szolgáltatások mellett jelentos
Szórakoztatóipar is kifejlodött.A külföldi utazásokon
Részt vevo középosztálybeli angol turisták számára
A fo vonzerot eleinte a tengerparti üdülok
(pl: Biarritz), Monte-Carlo játékkaszinói, a francia
Rviéra képviselték.
-19.sz.vége felé új színfoltot jelent a kerékpár és
A fényképezés
-mélytengeri gozhajózás megjelenése,1838: a P&O
Company bevezette 1. menetrendszeru járatát a
Távol-Keletre, 1840 CUNARD Steamship Co.
Észak-amerikai járatának megnyitása
-Cook 1866-ban szervezte meg az elo hajóutat
Az Egyesült Államokba brit turisták számára
-1869:Szuezi-csatorna megnyitása, az 1.
Transzkontinentális vasút az USA-ba
-1872 Cook 1.szervezett útja a Földközi-
Tengeren.USA: a Yellowstone Nemzeti Park létrehozása -1876:N.A. Otto:robbanómotor
-1885:K.Benz gépkocsi
-1891: az American Expressz elso utazási csekke
-1900: az 1. Michelin útikönyv Fro.-ban
-1903: a Wright fivérek 1.repülogépe
-1908:Henry Ford: T Modell→a tömeges
Motorizáció kezdete Amerikában.

20.század,a tömegturizmus kialakulásának kora -1918 1.menetrendszeru légijárat at USA-ban
-az 1.világháb. a turizm.fejlodési folyamatát megszakította→sok országban útlevél bevezetése
-1929-31.évi gazdi válság az államu beavatkozás
Erosödését vonta maga után.
-A nemzetközi turizm. A 2 vh. Közötti idoszakban
1929-ben érte el csúcspontját→kocsi,autóbusz
Elterjedése→személyes utazások fellendülése
→motelek,kempingek elterjedése→ új szolg-.ok
Az autóutak mentén (szervizek,büfék stb…)→
Lakókocsi,rent a car,fly-drive packages
-a vasutat a gépkocsi, a hajót a repülo szorította
Ki.
-charter: a II.vh. után sok sok repülo és pilóta maradt→charterekké alakították a gépeket
-divatba jönnek a több országot érinto buszos
Utak
-1924:Hivatalos Turista Propaganda Szervezetek
Nemzetközi Szövetsége→1925:1. kongresszus
Hágában, céljai között szerepelt a turisztikai
Propagandával kapcsolatos információcsere
Megszervezése,vámkedvezmények elérése
→IUOTO néven alakult újjá a 2.vh.után,majd
Annak alakulásával és kormányszintre emelésével
Jött létre 1975-ben a WTO (Turizm. Világszervezete)
-fizetett szabadság jogának törvénybevétele a 2.vh.
Eloestjén
-1925: az Imperial Airways megalakulása Angliában
-1929:Létrejön Nagy-Br. És Írország Utazási Szövetsége
-1930:az 1. angol ifjúsági szálló felépítése
-1935: a British Airways megalakulása, a Queen Mary
Üzembe lép
-1939:a PanAm beindítja elso transzatlanti járatát
-1943:az 1.számítógép megjelenése
-1944: (1914-ben megalkották a nemzeti légtér
Elvét)a Chicagói Konvenció eloírta a kormányok
Számára a kétoldalú megállapodások megkötését
A légi közlekedésre, a tarifákat pedig az IATA
Szabályozta.
-1902:IBUSZ

-1946:a BOAC beindítja az elso transzatlanti
Járatát, a BEA beindítja európai járatait
-1948: az Emberi Jogok egyetemes nyilatkozata
-1950:a Horizon megszervezi az 1,charter inkluzív
Túrát Angliából Korzikába.
-1952: turistaosztály a transzatlanti járatokon
-1958: Boeing707 utasszállító repülo, a BOAC
Megindítja London-New York járatát
-1963:ENSZ konferencia Rómában a nemzetközi
Utazásokról és a turizmusról,a látogató és a turista
Definiálása
-1970: nagy befogadóképességu léglökéses repülok
-1971: Disney World Florida
-1973: az 1. olajválság→drágul a közlekedés→turizm.
Nem esett vissza,de növekedési üteme mérséklodött
-1978:az USA liberalizálja a légi közlekedést
-1979:2. olajválság
-1980:WTO Világkonferenciája a Turizmusról→
Kidolgozták és elfogadták a Manilai Nyilatkozatot,
Mely megfogalmazta a turizm. Korszeru koncepcióját.
Hangsúlyozza a belföldi turizm. Jelentoségét, kiemeli,
Hogy a turizm. Nem csupán gazdi kategória,hanem
Jelentos politikai,társadalmi,kulturális és nevelési
Tényezo,fontos környezeti hatásai vannak és alapveto
Szerepe van az élet minoségének alakulásában..
A nyilatkozat meghatározta az állam felslosségét
A turizm. Fejlesztésében
-1989Interparlamentáris Unió és a WTO 1.
Interparlamentáris Konferenciája a Turizmusról,
A Hágai nyilatkozat:a turizmus ellenorzött fejlesztésére
Hív fel,a turizm. Tudatos fejlesztése a nemzeti
Fejlesztési stratégiáknak is része legyen.új elemként
Merül fel a szakképzés korszerusítésének, valamint
A turisták biztonságának fokozorr követelménye.
A nyilatkozat legfontosabb eleme az,hogy a turizmust
A törvényhozó tesztületek figyelmébe ajánlja,javasolva,
Hogy a turizm. Feltételeit megfelelo módon szabályozzák
És lehetoleg foglalják törvénybe a nemzetközi turizm.pol.
Fo célkituzéseit és megvalósításának kereteit.
-1990:a közép- és kelet-európai rendszerváltozással egy 300
Milliós piac nyílik meg a világturizm. Számára
-1992:WTO Riói Föld-csúcs:Agenda21 program elfogadása,
Mely a fenntartható fejlodés megvalósításának feltételeit
Határozza meg a turizm.területére
-1995:életbe lép a Schengeni egyezmény,megvalósul a belso határok eltunése,negszunnek a határformalitások
-1999:a WTO XIII. Közgyulése elfogadja a Turizmus
Globális etikai kódexét
-a WTO Nizzai Világkonferenciája a Turizm. Gazdi.
Hatásának mérésérol
-2001: WTC elleni terrortámadás
-2002:az ökoturizmus éve.WTO+UNEP megrendezi
A kanadai Quebecben az Ökoturisztikai Világtalálkozót.
Quebeci Nyilatkozat→ajánlásokat fogalmaz meg az
Ökoturizmus és általában a fenntartható turizm.
Fejlesztésével kapcsolatos felelosségrol,feladatokról

\n\n Stiahnuté z www.antiskola.sk

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Describe The 1965-1975 Era

...powerful. The way they dressed, and music that was listened to reflects to who they were and what they represent and allowed them to express themselves. . The 1960’s was a major part of American history in so many ways. The 70,000,000 Baby boomers taking over the decade now growing into their teens, came with a lot of change that is still progressing and profound in a major part in our society today. The mid sixties was a time where United States culture stimulated from being exceedingly conservative and up tight to new and insightful ways of thinking. With many of these mind opening changes, it carried a new contrasting culture that would be known as the hippie culture. The hippies brought with them a new sexual revolution that broke the common boundaries for all American culture. Drugs became popular and prevalent in US culture with the majority public as well as within the hippie culture in this new era, drugs were becoming a major part of American culture, as well as new scientific research, into the benefits of psychedelic drugs. The Cultural Revolution in the sixties produced many groundbreaking ideas that are still present and changing in our society today. As In the 1960’s were widely known as the decade of peace and love but in reality you couldn’t hide the big issue, and that was minorities especially African-American were struggling to gain freedom from segregation. The war to gain freedom for all minorities was a challenging obstacle to overcome which we still see...

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European Union

...European Union The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC) formed by six countries in the 1950s. In the intervening years the EU has grown in size by the accession of new member states, and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The EU operates through a hybrid system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental decisions negotiated by the member states. Important institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU has developed a single market through a standardized system of laws which apply in all member states. It ensures the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enacts legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. A monetary union, the eurozone, was established in 1999 and is currently composed of seventeen member states. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy the EU has developed a limited role in external relations and defense. Permanent diplomatic missions have been established around the world and the EU is represented at the United...

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