...DISCOVERING ONE’S TALENT: LEARNING FROM ACADEMIC SPECIALIZATION author OFER MALAMUD* The author examines an exogenous difference in the timing of academic Abstract specialization within the British system of higher education to test whether education yields information about one’s match quality in different fields of study. In distinguishing between systems requiring early and late specialization, he predicts the likelihood of an individual switching to an occupation unrelated to one’s field of study. If higher education serves mainly to provide specific skills, the model predicts more switching in a system requiring late specialization since the cost of switching is lower in terms of foregone skills. Using the Universities Statistical Record from 1972 to 1993 and the 1980 National Survey of Graduates and Diplomates, he finds that individuals who specialize early, as in the case of England, are more likely to switch to an unrelated occupation, implying that the benefits to increased match quality are sufficiently large to outweigh the greater loss in skills from specializing early. With regard to instruction, economists have made substantial progress in specifying and identifying the economic value of higher education, as it increases the value productivity of human agents as workers . . . the much neglected activity is that of discovering talent. It, too, can be approached by treating it as a process which provides students with opportunities to discover whether they have...
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...This essay will confirm this theory by analysing bilingual’s cognitive affect in memory, task switching and attention and demonstrate how these aspects relate to having a better academic performance. Numerous studies were found measuring and comparing memory, task switching and attention of bilingual and monolingual children. Result have indicate that bilingual consist of many cognitive advantage that outperformed monolinguals in cognitive task, however bilingual experience more difficulty when approaching in verbal and vocabulary task. Overall Studies showed evidence of cognitive advantage in bilingual children that may result in a better academic performance. Bilingual Children and Academic Performance Education is a form of learning and acquiring the knowledge and skills that are transferred from one generation to the next. (Lee, 2009) Academic performance in a student educational journey is one of the most significant aspects in regards to a child’s academic outcome. In many cases it is often promoted that being bilingual is a contributing factor to enhancing a child’s academic performance. In Australia, statistics show that there are around 22 million Australians speaking in approximately 400 different languages or were either bilingual (Australian Bureau Statistics, 2009). As statistics highlight the fact that there is an increasing rate of people who communicate in more than one language, researches are shifting towards the need for support and understanding of bilingualism...
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...argument on the need of Model Based Testing, and a quick overview on Model Based Testing and the approach. Next, we walkthrough 2 example scenarios, where certain models have been exhibited to showcase testing benefits. This also shows the different techniques and methods in MBT. Finally the author describes some common challenges in Model based Testing and some best practices. Introduction Model Based Testing (MBT) is very common in validating embedded systems, phones, switches etc. The model based testing was very successful and has yielded good results in these areas. This could have been the reason why practioners tried exploring the feasibility of the same in other areas of Software validation. There are many research studies that are ongoing and many QA schools have embarked on the MBT journey. The results from those who are travelling the MBT journey are encouraging, but not conclusive. There has to be more exhaustive research / analysis. MBT is very similar to the abacus based approach in teaching kids the concept of addition. The entire complexity of the concept itself is...
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...shift that would require changing what has been the country’s accounting gold standard for decades. This is what the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is contemplating for all publicly listed companies, starting in 2014. But according to a study released today (Friday, March 6) it is not clear whether such a major shift in standards would translate into large (net) benefits for most companies or the entire U.S. economy. The study, “Global Accounting Convergence and the Potential Adoption of IFRS by the United States: An Analysis of Economic and Policy Factors,” was done by Christian Leuz of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Luzi Hail of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and Peter Wysocki of the MIT Sloan School of Management. One of the touted benefits of moving to IFRS is that it can enhance the liquidity of capital markets and reduce companies’ costs of capital by providing investors with better information on corporate performance. However, the authors argue that this is true only if adopting a new set of standards actually improves the quality of reporting and the comparability of reporting practices around the world. Professors Hail, Leuz and Wysocki argue that it is unlikely that a switch to IFRS will have a substantial impact on the reporting quality of U.S. companies. Yet, this is not really a question of which set of accounting rules is better. Rather, companies have an incentive to report their numbers in a way that is shaped...
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...The case study covers the Lakeville School District in Minnesota, and their transition to VOIP. The Lakeville School District comprised of 10,000 students and 1,500 staff members, as well as 2,000 phones in 18 different buildings (Hickey, 2006). With only one summer to complete the work, the project was a massive undertaking. The networking infrastructure of the buildings needed to be upgraded from legacy to fiber for most of the building as well as T1 lines in the rest (Hickey, 2006). This had to be completed before VoIP could be installed. Patrick Rateliff was quoted saying, “We wanted to consolidate everything into one phone system. (Hickey, 2006)” The switch to VoIP allowed the district to consolidate everything to one system, saving the district money and adding some much needed features. Rateliff said that the district was seeing “significant savings” after the leap to VoIP (Hickey, 2006). Even with the cost of instillation around $600,000, the consolidation of the phone lines and the new improved network allowed for a more efficiently ran district. Along with the money the district saved after the switch, new features came with the VoIP system. Unified messaging was added, which allows staff to read voice messages over e-mail or hear e-mails over the phone. This allowed teachers and administrators the ability to quickly check voicemails via the Internet, in any location. This promoted prompt responses, increasing the efficiency of the district greatly. Enhanced 911 features...
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...age of three and after the first language is mastered. (asha.org, 2004). Sequential bilingualism is when the child acquires their second language after they have mastered a primary language. This usually occurs when they have parents who speak a different language from that of the community. When they enter school, they are introduced to their second language. There are two main hypotheses that explain how children acquire secondary language. They are the unitary system hypothesis and the separate system hypothesis. In the unitary system hypothesis, it is the belief that children fuse together words from both languages into one lexicon. After around three years of age, they will start to split the words into two separate lexicons, but use the one set of grammar rules. In the separate system hypothesis, it is believed that the child separates the languages in the beginning, creating two different lexicons. Studies indicate that the vocabulary in each language of the bilingual child is smaller than the vocabulary of the monolingual child of the same age. However, when you combine the two vocabularies of each language, then the bilingual’s vocabulary is larger. “One study of Spanish/English BILINGUALISM...
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...www.sciedu.ca/wjel World Journal of English Language Vol . 1, No. 1; April 2011 On Attitudes to Teachers’ Code-switching in EFL Classes Mingfa Yao School of English Language and Culture, Zhejiang International Studies University 140 Wen San Avenue, Hangzhou 310012, China Tel: +86-571-8157-8296 E-mail: mingfayao@163.com Received: February 27, 2011 Abstract Code-switching is commonly viewed with suspicion in EFL classes. The present article is to investigate and show the teachers and students’ attitudes to code-switching (CS) used by teachers in EFL classes in China. A four-section 20-item questionnaire was developed and distributed to the students and teachers. The data from the questionnaire were tabulated, and frequencies and percentages were conducted by SPSS program. The results display that students have the similar opinions with the teachers in most of question items. This consistency suggests that teachers and students have a similar positive attitude to teachers’ code-switching in EFL classroom. However there are some discrepancies in attitudes between the two samples in some question items. These discrepancies suggest that the use of code-switching in EFL classroom should be adapting to the practical teaching. Keywords: Code-switching, Attitude, Investigation, EFL class 1. Introduction In many cases, code-switching is commonly viewed with suspicion in EFL classes. Teachers and researchers in English as a second or foreign language have, on the whole, been concerned...
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...switching. I decided to focus on the advantages and benefits that Code Switching provides. The articles I reviewed give reasons why code switching happens, and some articles present many explanations. However, the main reasons as put forth by Arnfast and Jorgensen (2003), imitate the three main reasons that code switchers give for using their skill. These reasons are: to fill in linguistic gaps for words, acquisition or maintenance of social power, and social acceptance. After much research and by reading several studies of these approaches, I came to the conclusion that code switching is used rarely for one purpose. It is also doubtful that the users are completely aware of all the reasons that they switch code. Through my research, I interviewed four of my fellow teacher co-workers, as well as two of the professors at Northeastern Illinois University. During my interview, I asked them a series of questions regarding their experiences with students who are able to code switch. These questions were: What do you know what Code Switching means? Given the brief explanation,...
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...Home Page» Business and Management Sir Richard Brason, Virgin Group, Case Study, Assignment 4 In: Business and Management Sir Richard Brason, Virgin Group, Case Study, Assignment 4 Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd. Case Study Assignment 4 Professor Leadership and Organizational Behavior February 26, 2012 Since the beginning of history humans have lived in groups guided by the group leader; in which leader is either chosen for his characteristics or born into through cast. No matter the culture this is similar through the human race. Humans need someone to guide them, teach them, someone to look up to. Without followers there is no leader. “That is, leader is a term applied by observers to someone whose behaviors and characteristics match the observers’ implicit leadership preferences” (Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. (2011). They are different type of leaders and leadership style depending on the situation and solution needed at that moment by the followers. In my opinion good leaders have shown to be flexible enough to switch between leadership styles depending on the demands of the situation. One of the worlds most intriguing, succesful and enduring entrepreneurial business leaders today is Richard Branson, someone who takes control of the situation by conveying a clear vision and goals for the team, a marked passion for the work and an ability to make the group feel recharged and energized. I consider Richard...
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...Has Discipline Gone Too Far? What is acceptable and for whom? English 105 Since the beginning of time it has been heavily debated about the use physical discipline in homes and schools around the world. It has been speculated that physical punishment is an extreme and inappropriate. Why punishment on a physical level in the eyes of so many is labeled wrong but in the eyes of others they believe it’s not only right, but effective. Who is right in this matter? Who has the right to tell a parent that they should not be spanking their child? How do we draw a line between what is acceptable and what is unacceptable and should the government step in and make an anti-physical punishment law? About 30 years ago this form of reprimanding a child was a norm. Many child psychologists and other health care professionals have been discussing and debating this very topic for many years now. In fact according to Dr. Gregory K Fritz’s article “Should Spanking a Child Be unlawful,” a survey was conducted 15 years ago of family practitioners and pediatricians and it was found that about two thirds supported mild spanking in some disciplinary situations. However, times have changed and so has the way we discipline our children. As time passes our world changes and adapts. Things are different, technology and the human life is constantly revolving. Therefore the way we raise our children has evolved to. Punishment for a child can be as simple as taking away their...
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...TOOLS AND METHODS FOR MEASURING PUBLIC AWARENESS Project: South-East European Digital Television Acronym: SEE Digi.TV Version A-1.0; Date: 04.04.2012 Tools and methods for measuring public awareness / A-1.0 Page: 1/47 DOCUMENT HISTORY Version A-1.0 Status Approved Date 04.04.2012 Author IVSZ, SINTESIO Comments Approved version Approved by Project manager CONTENT 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 2 Planning a survey................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Defining research problem ........................................................................................... 5 2.2 Designing the survey.................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Qualitative versus Quantitative method ........................................................................ 7 2.4 Measurement methods ................................................................................................ 9 2.5 Reliability and validity ................................................................................................. 11 2.6 Sampling .................................................................................................................... 12 2.6.1 ...
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...functions. One of these varieties, the Hvariety (standing for 'High'), is adopted as the standard variety and is used in official situations, such as government broadcasts, religious services, and teaching; and the other, the L-variety (for 'Low'), is used in informal situations, such as local markets and conversations between friends. The focus of this article is to discuss how the concept of diglossia might be appropriate to describe the Singapore English-speaking community, and to consider what approaches can be adopted by teachers towards the use of the L-variety in schools. Examples of diglossia that have been widely quoted are: the Arabic community, where each region has its own colloquial variety, but classical Arabic is still taught in schools and is regarded by many as “more beautiful” and therefore more appropriate for written texts; the Swiss-German community, where all children learn Standard German in schools, and most books and newspapers are in Standard German, but the people continue to use the local Swiss-German dialect on an everyday basis; the Tamil community, where the language taught in classrooms and used in literature is sharply different from the colloquial variety. In all these societies, there is high prestige in demonstrating an ability to use the H-variety, but not everyone has sufficient education to achieve this. However, all members of the society use the L-variety at home and when chatting with close friends. In fact, use of the Hvariety instead...
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...others. But in some cases it causes people to suffer, to go to great extents to calm them selves, to take their minds off of what really happening or being forced on them by others. As time presses on, new people and objects take the place of the previous ones. Yesterday it was the 1970’s and the hippies, today its 2013 and homosexuals trying to fit in to mostly straight society. Homosexuals such as lesbian, bisexuals, gays, and transvestites have been singled out and labeled as “wrong” or in a religious viewpoint a “sin.” People are abusing their homosexual counterparts any way they can. There are four main types of harassment; verbal abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and digital abuse. As I grew up I was told to ignore the mean things people said to me, told that I was perfect, that I was going to change the world one day. I was once told a small saying that I believe everyone is familiar with, “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Looking back it made sense at the time, they’re only words...right? Wrong among almost 120 million Americans who label themselves as homosexuals (LGBT) 66% of them have been verbally abused, that’s 78 million Americans. 16% or 19 million have been physically abused. And 8% or 10 million have been brutally and physically assaulted. This has become a major issue causing life threatening situations for those that are at the receiving end of these attacks. Homosexual students enrolled in school and adults in the work...
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...Background of the Study Language is important to communication between human. Many students speak more than one language in their classroom activities, even if their study about English language. During their learning activities, they switch or mix between two or more than language. Even the differences between two languages are great, there is a possibility to mix and switch the languages. For example,( Indonesian language and English language have different pronunciation, intonation, grammar, and different way in arranging word into sentences. The function of language is for communication between human being. So, people as the social human need to communicate with each other. People use language to express their feeling, to send a message from their mind. To make a good communication, people have to understand well what other said even if they use different language. When people make interaction, people hardly understand to each other if every speaker uses their own language. Those reasons, above show that many people in many communities used more than one language. When the speaker who has one language and can speak other language, he may be consider as bilingualism or multilingualism depend on how many he mastering the language. It means that a person is bilingual because he can speak in two language, and multilingualism in the person who can speak in more than two languages. In the communication case people who is bilingualism or multilingualism some time they switch the code...
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...suppliers and find a competitor of Luaec Corp whose ethics and corporate social responsibility more align with their business and social beliefs. 2. The ethical concerns of how Luaec Corp is treating their employee’s raises a red flag for James Krumpberg of IMP Corp. These concerns stem from the lack of resources available to employees while on break, a proper working environment, and the long hours young employees work. The following ethical concerns back up the argument of the present issue. From points 2, 5 and 6 being that employees at Luaec Corp are overworked. Not only are the older employees at risk of harming themselves, but the younger employees are losing out on receiving an education and putting the best toward their studies. The fact that young individual helps the company...
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