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SWOT Analysis
อาจารย์อาทิตย์ วงษ์สง่า .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1. บทนา ปัจจุบันการวางแผนกลยุทธ์หรือ Strategic Planning เป็นสิ่งที่ได้มีการนามาใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลาย มาก ทั้งในกิจการด้านการทหาร ด้านการศึ กสงคราม ด้านการเมืองระหว่างประเทศ และโดยเฉพาะในการ บริหารงานภาคธุรกิจเอกชนนั้นถือได้ว่าประสบความสาเร็จสูงมาก ก้าวหน้าและเป็นที่กล่าวขวัญถึงกันมาก สาหรับวงงาน/วงการราชการก็จาเป็นต้องมีการวางแผน/จัดทาแผนกลยุทธ์เช่นเดียวกับวงการธุรกิจเอกชน ทั้งนี้ นอกจากส่วนราชการจะต้องปฏิบัติตามพระราชกฤษฎีกาว่าด้วยหลักเกณฑ์และวิธีการบริหารกิจการ บ้านเมืองที่ดี พ.ศ.2546 มาตรา 9 มาตรา 13 และมาตรา 66 แล้ว ยังจะต้องคานึงถึงความอยู่รอด (Survive) และ ความก้าวหน้า (Growth) ของส่วนราชการในอนาคตอีกด้วย การวางแผนกลยุทธ์เป็นการวางแผนที่มีการกาหนดวิสัยทัศน์ มีการกาหนดเป้าหมายระยะยาวที่แน่ ชัด มีการวิเคราะห์อนาคตและคิดเชิงการแข่งขัน ต้องการระบบการทางานที่มีความสามารถในการปรับตัวสูง ส าหรับ การท างานในสิ่ ง แวดล้ อมที่ มี ก ารเปลี่ ย นแปลงอย่ างรวดเร็ วเพื่ อให้ทัน และสามารถเผชิ ญกั บ การ เปลี่ยนแปลงที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคตได้ และในการวางแผนกลยุทธ์นั้นสิ่งที่สาคัญและจาเป็นสาหรับองค์กรคือ “การกาหนดกลยุทธ์ ” สาหรับใช้ในการทางานเพื่อการบรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ของงาน โดยกลยุทธ์ของแต่ละ องค์กรจะถูกกาหนดตามธรรมชาติและลักษณะขององค์กรนั้น ๆ ทั้งนี้ องค์กรจะสามารถกาหนดกลยุทธ์ได้นั้น ต้องรู้สถานภาพหรือภาวะขององค์กรของตนเสียก่อน และนอกจากนั้นยังต้องมีกระบวนการกาหนดกลยุทธ์ที่ เหมาะสมสาหรับตนเองด้วย ซึ่งวิธีการและเทคนิคในการวิเคราะห์สภาวะขององค์กรและกระบวนการกาหนด กลยุทธ์มีหลายวิธีด้วยกัน และหนึ่งในวิธีการเหล่านี้คือ การวิเคราะห์ SWOT หรือ SWOT Analysis ซึ่งเป็น วิธีการที่รู้จักและใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายในฐานะเครื่องมือในการประเมินหรือวิเคราะห์องค์กรเพื่อการวางแผน และการกาหนดกลยุทธ์ขององค์กร 2. ความหมายของ SWOT การวิเคราะห์ SWOT หรือ SWOT Analysis

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