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SWOT – анализ ЗАО «Сормовская кондитерская фабрика»

Для того чтобы получить ясную оценку сил предприятия и ситуации на рынке, существует SWOT-анализ. SWOT-анализ — это определение сильных и слабых сторон предприятия, а также возможностей и угроз, исходящих из его ближайшего окружения (внешней среды). Таблица SWOT-анализ помогает руководителю предприятия понять и сопоставить сильные и слабые стороны предприятия, на что следует обратить большее внимание и что необходимо предпринять, чтобы предприятие работало более эффективно.
Процедура проведения SWOT-анализа в общем виде сводится к заполнению матрицы, в которой отражаются и затем сопоставляются сильные и слабые стороны предприятия, а также возможности и угрозы рынка. Это сопоставление позволяет чётко определить, какие шаги могут быть предприняты для развития компании и, на какие проблемы необходимо обратить особое внимание.
Методология построения матрицы стратегического анализа заключается в том, что сначала весь мир делится на две части - внешнюю среду и внутреннюю (саму компанию), а затем события в каждой из этих частей - на благоприятные и неблагоприятные:
- внешняя-внутренняя; - сила-слабость;
- возможности-угрозы. Изучение поставщиков, посредников, конкурентов и окружающих условий позволяет определить возможности фирмы для достижения маркетинговых целей. На основе анализа производства, финансов, кадров фирма определяет, какие ресурсы у нее есть в наличии, какие требуется приобрести, а также сможет ли производство обеспечить надлежащее количество и качество товара. Изучение возможностей организации направлено на раскрытие ее потенциала, сильных и слабых сторон деятельности. Данные, полученные при исследовании, используются в дальнейшем при разработке стратегии. Таблица 1
Силы/Слабости и Возможности/Угрозы

Сильные стороны | Слабые стороны | Достоверный мониторинг рынкаОтлаженная сбытовая сетьШирокий ассортимент продукцииВысокий контроль качестваВысокая квалификация персоналаДостаточная известность | Высокий уровень ценНедостатки в рекламной политикеНеучастие персонала в принятии управленческих решений | Возможности | Угрозы | Улучшение уровня жизни населенияПоявление новых поставщиковСнижение налогов и пошлинСовершенствование менеджментаРазорение и уход фирм – продавцов | Изменение правил ввоза продукцииСнижение уровня жизни населенияРост налогов и пошлинСбои в поставках продукцииУжесточение законодательства |

По пятибалльной системе определяют экспертные оценки парных сочетаний «сильная сторона – угроза», «слабая сторона – угроза», «сильная сторона – возможность», «слабая сторона – возможность». При большей оценке – связь более значима.

Таблица 2
Обобщённая матрица SWOT-анализа

| Возможности | Угрозы | Итого | | Улучшение уровня жизни населения | Появление новых поставщиков | Снижение налогов и пошлин | Совершенствование менеджмента | Разорение и уход фирм – продавцов | Изменение правил ввоза продукции | Снижение уровня жизни населения | Рост налогов и пошлин | Сбои в поставках продукции | Ужесточение законодательства | | Сильные стороны | Достоверный мониторинг рынка | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 21 | | Отлаженная сбытовая сеть | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 29 | | Широкий ассортимент товаров | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 34 | | Высокий контроль качества | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 20 | | Высокая квалификация персонала | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 29 | | Достаточная известность | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 31 | Слабые стороны | Высокий уровень цен | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 32 | | Недостатки в рекламной политике | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 22 | | Неучастие персонала в принятии управленческих решений | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 26 | Итого | 27 | 30 | 19 | 30 | 27 | 20 | 22 | 17 | 32 | 17 | |

Рассмотрев возможности ЗАО «Сормовская кондитерская фабрика», слабые и сильные стороны, проведя анализ угроз, исходящих из внешней среды, можно определить стратегию организации. Выводы, которые можно сделать на основании матрицы SWOT, представлены в таблице 3.

Таблица 3
Матрица SWOT-анализа

«Сила и возможности» | «Сила и угрозы» | - выход на новые рынки, увеличение ассортимента, добавление сопутствующих товаров и услуг позволит высокая квалификация персонала и достаточная известность;- квалификация персонала, контроль качества, дадут возможность успеть за ростом рынка. | - усиление конкуренции, политика государства, инфляция и рост налогов, повлияют на проведение стратегии;- известность добавит преимуществ в конкуренции;- достоверный мониторинг уловит изменения вкусов потребителей. | «Слабости и возможности» | «Слабости и угрозы» | - неучастие персонала в принятии решений безработицы может привести к саботажу;- снижение уровня цен, размеров налогов и пошлин при сохранении среднего уровня цен позволит получать сверхдоходы. | - появление новых конкурентов и высокий уровень цен ухудшит конкурентную позицию; - неблагоприятная политика государства может привести к выходу из отрасли;- неучастие персонала в принятии решений не предотвратит сбои в поставках. |

Анализ таблицы позволяет сделать следующие выводы:
1. Главные угрозы для предприятия – это сбои в поставках продукции и снижение уровня жизни населения.
2. Основные возможности – появление новых поставщиков и совершенствование менеджмента.
3. Основные сильные стороны – широкий ассортимент продукции и достаточная известность.
4. Основная слабая сторона – высокий уровень цен.
Так как ЗАО «Сормовская кондитерская фабрика» работает на развивающемся рынке с сильной конкуренцией, то для нее лучшей будет комбинированная стратегия, нацеленная на реализацию своих конкурентных преимуществ и направленная на глубокое проникновение и географическое развитие рынка, с последующей вертикальной интеграцией вверх. Сначала надо минимизировать издержки и укрепить свою конкурентную позицию. Затем выйти на новые рынки, заключив договоры в регионах и закрепиться в них.

Вывод

Маркетинг – это система управления, имеющая свои принципы, функции, структуры, нормативные и правовые акты. Для того чтобы получить ясную оценку сил предприятия и ситуации на рынке, существует SWOT-анализ. SWOT-анализ — это определение сильных и слабых сторон предприятия, а также возможностей и угроз, исходящих из его ближайшего окружения. Рассмотрев возможности ЗАО «Сормовская кондитерская фабрика», слабые и сильные стороны, проведя анализ угроз, исходящих из внешней среды, определили, что для организации лучшей будет комбинированная стратегия, нацеленная на реализацию своих конкурентных преимуществ и направленная на глубокое проникновение и географическое развитие рынка, с последующей вертикальной интеграцией вверх.

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