...Chemistry -Study of the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of matter. -Central Science. BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY 1. Inorganic chemistry is the study of the chemical nature of the elements and their compounds (except hydrocarbons—compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen). Involves substance that do not contain carbon or substances from non-living things. 2. Organic Chemistry, branch of chemistry in which carbon compounds and their reactions are studied. A wide variety of classes of substances—such as drugs, vitamins, plastics, natural and synthetic fibers, as well as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—consist of organic molecules. Study of all substance containing carbon in combination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. 3. Analytical chemistry is the science of separating complex materials into simpler ones and detecting and measuring the constituents. 4. Physical chemistry is fundamental to all chemistry and deals with the application of physical laws to chemical systems and chemical change. Concerned with theories and experiments that describes the behaviour of chemicals. 5. Biochemistry is the chemistry of living organisms and life processes. Cell: Compound 1. Protein 2. Carbohydrates - sugar 3. Nucleic acid – DNA, RNA 4. Lipids – fats SCIENTIFIC METHOD * A logical approach to the solution of the problem. STEPS: 1. Identify the problem 2. Gathering Information 3. Formulate hypothesis 4. Experimentation...
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...Almost all digital files can be used for steganography, but the formats of file that are more suitable are those with a high degree of redundancy. Redundancy can be defined as object bits that provide accuracy far greater than necessary for the object’s use and demonstration. The repetitive bits of an object are those bits that can be altered without the alteration being detected easily. Image and video files especially comply with this requirement, while research has also uncovered other file manuscripts that can be used for data hiding. This paper is mainly concentrating about image and video as carriers and their performance analysis based on its PSR and MSE...
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...Review of Related Literature Introduction: Prepaid cards are made out of plastic and other synthetic materials chosen from a variety of cardboard, PVC, PET and Polystyrene. It can be plenty found everywhere especially at present because of the cell phone and as a need of the people especially in their cell phones. Because of the growing population, moreandmore make use of cell phones and the domino effect is the high quantity of used prepaid cards trashed in the environment, which is bad and has no good effect on us. Thickness Because it is made of such materials stated above, it is said to be durable and a good insulator. IV: Prepaid cards are made out of plastic and other synthetic materials chosen from a variety of cardboard, PVC, PET and Polystyrene. DV: Roof serves as support, outer layer of any building, serves as insulation, and drainage. In most countries, a roof protects primarily against rain. Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof may also protect against wind. Roof cannot provide the enough insulation to keep a room free from the heat from the sun. That is why the used of thatch, a natural fibrous material have excellent in… Synthesis of the review: Prepaid cards are made out of plastic and other synthetic materials chosen from a variety of cardboard, PVC, PET and Polystyrene, which is a good insulator. Plastic on the other hand is strong like the containers made out of it. Prepaid card as an Additive in Roof Making ...
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...infarction and ischaemia. The heart is exposed to numerous stresses but only has a limited capacity to regenerate worn or damaged cells. It must be able to deal with and respond to these stresses. Development of new treatments to treat cardiac diseases is a major research goal at the moment. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of cell death by apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy is a big area being looked at. Another key area is the replacement of these worn and dead cells. It was once thought that the loss of cardiac myocytes was a process that was irreversible. However the discovery of tissue resident cardiac stem cells and the function of bone marrow derived stem cells have changed this belief. Extensive research was sparked by these discoveries in an effort to use the regenerative properties of stem cells to repair damaged cardiac myocytes, improve the function of the heart and reduce the deaths due to cardiac related illnesses....
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...The eassy will aims to discuss and explore synthetic modecules and their impact on technology and our daily life. The essay will explain the definantion of the Synthetic molecules and describe the issues it can solve. It will also, explain how different bonding types are applied. The essay will also discuss and analyze one of the synthetic molecules. I chose to discuss the Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and its applications to solve a specific problem, looking into advantage and dis-advantage and how the science can address the disadvantage of it. I used examples for better clarification for the reader and added conculsion to the essay. Synthetic organic chemicals are man-made created through industrial synthesis. Substances that contain carbon atoms. This definition relies heavily on the element carbon. Synthetic molecules have different types Nylon, Polyvinyl Chloride, Low-Density Polyethylene, high-density Polypropylene (HDPE). LDPE is a flexible material used in applications like shopping bags has high ductility but low tensile strength. HDPE is a strong plastic, normally used in plastic cartons for milk or garbage bins. I will choose Low-Density Polyethylene to talk about. The LDPE has a high degree of short and long...
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...Administrative Ethics Paper Balancing the access to health data and privacy has caused a dramatic increase in the types of microdata, and this directs great expectations for health services research. Legislative attempts to protect individual privacy reduces the flow of health care data for research purposes and increases costs and delays, and this affects the quality of analysis. The journal provides a summary of the challenges that data confidentiality raises concerning health services research, the current methods used to ensure data security, and a description of one successful concept to balancing access and privacy. The analysis of these issues of access and privacy using a conceptual framework based on balancing the risk of re-identification with the utility associated with data analysis. The primary goal should be to generate released data that are as close to the maximum acceptable risk as possible. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and other privacy measures are considered having had the effect of lowering the ‘‘maximum acceptable risk’’ level and interpreting the data that is unable to be released. The journal discuss the levels of risk and utility associated with different types of data used in health services research and the ability to link data from multiple sources as well as current models of data sharing and their limitations. One particularly compelling approach is to establish a remote access ‘‘data enclave,’’ where statistical...
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...for consumers. Eco friendly refers to having no harmful effects on the environment or its inhabitants. Green home believes that non synthetic environmentally safe pesticides promote a cleaner and safer home environment for families with children and pets. Our company creates pest control products that utilize organic compounds that are deadly to insects, but remain harmless to humans, animals, and plants (Safer Pest Control Project, 2010). Synthetic pest control kills more than just problematic insects in the garden. Chemical insecticides may bring harmful negative consequences to humans, animals and non-targeted organisms. Birds can be harmed after eating food that has been treated. Bird’s eggs have been affected by insecticides reducing the population. Insecticides can kill bees and reduce pollination which in turn reduces crop yields. Pesticides kill indiscriminately killing both pests and their natural predators. Once the predators are gone, the populations come back stronger and more pesticides and insecticides are used. This harms the soil, stealing its natural ingredients. These products are harmful if inhaled by humans, and can be harmful to humans and pets on contact. Green Home saw this as unacceptable. We set out to discover natural ingredients when combined at just the right amount will have the same helpful affects of the synthetic brands with harming pets, birds, children or other creatures. Green Home offers a wide variety of eco friendly pesticides including...
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...Assessment of synthetic milk exposure to children of selected population in Uttar Pradesh, India Shuchi R. Bhatt1, Dr. Anita Singh2 and S. M. Bhatt3 (Abstract) The present study was carried out keeping in view the recently emerging concern of the adulteration of the natural milk with the synthetic milk. Synthetic milk is prepared by emulsifying vegetable oils with appropriate amount of detergent and urea. Samples of the natural milk with synthetic milk were analyzed for concentration of urea and detergent and their effect is assayed through survey in different population in Uttar Pradesh, India. Children’s had different range of intake of milk. Children of age group 1-5 years consumes about 50-250 mg of milk daily, while of age group 6-18 years of children consumes about 250-1000 ml milk/day and children’s of age group 19-22 consumes milk about 500-1000 ml milk /day. Addition of synthetic milk is on large scale in Meerut district of U.P. and mostly urea in such milk creating huge problem of headache, eyesight and diarrhea in children. Keywords: Milk adulteration; Synthetic milk, detection, urea 1. Research Scholar, Faculty of H.Sc, Sri. A.K.A.P.G. Collage Varanasi. 2. Head, Department of Food & Nutrition, Sri. Agrasen Kanya Autonomous P.G. College. Parmanandpur, Varanasi. 3. School of Biochemical Engineering, Institule of Technology B.H.U. Varanasi. Corresponding Author Email: sheel_bhu@yahoo.co.in 1 Introduction Liquid milk is an essential nutritional food for infants...
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...CONCATENATIVE TEXT-TO-SPEECH SYNTHESIS OF TWO-SYLLABLE FILIPINO WORDS Lourdes T. Tupas, Rowena Cristina L. Guevara, Ph.D., and Melvin Co Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of the Philippines, Diliman ABSTRACT In concatenative-based speech synthesizers, one of the most important problems is proper union of speech units to achieve an intelligible and natural-sounding synthetic speech. For that purpose, speech units need to be processed and concatenated so that discontinuities at concatenation points are minimized. Another possible solution to this is by using a larger speech unit to decrease the number of concatenation points. In this project, which utilized two-syllable Filipino words, the speech unit is syllable. Characterization of these Filipino words is done to differentiate words of the same spelling but of different meanings. This characterization took note of the pitch, duration of utterance of each syllable in the word, and the first three formant frequencies. A digital signal processing (DSP) block is also implemented. It accepts two-syllable text and outputs all the possible utterances of that word; this block is the text-to-speech synthesizer. A two-interval forced choice test was conducted to evaluate the level of naturalness of the synthesized speech. Words of the same spelling but of different meanings are distinguished using the prosody and intelligibility test. 1. INTRODUCTION ...
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...DNA Mediated Charge Transport in p53 CHM 4390-U02 Rohit Vinod April 22, 2015 INTRODUCTION Human transcription factor p53 is considered to be an important and useful protein that plays a key role in cancer and tumor suppression. Many of the pathways in which p53 is utilized usually are apoptosis, cell deterioration also known as senescence, cell cycle arrest or DNA repair (Riley et. al, 2008). P53 also plays a role in glucose metabolism as a regulator of glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation through positive and negative regulation of certain genes and the proteins that they encode for (Madan et. al, 2011). Usually if there are mutations in the genes that eventually translate into p53 then there are significant chance that tumors start to develop as seen in more than half of human cancers. In addition to such necessary roles, p53 also can sense oxidative stress and binds to redox-active DNA which often receives oxidative damage due to election migration through the DNA base stack. Many other sources of DNA oxidation can arise as a result of ionizing radiation, exogenous chemicals and even metabolic side products (Generaux et. al, 2010). DNA can be utilized in charge transport over distances of 100 base pairs or 34 nm in length (Augustyn et. al, 2013). The significance of the DNA oxidation and p53’s ability to sense oxidative stress is essential in understanding how DNA can be utilized in charge transport. In particular, redox activation in p53 occurs using DNA CT...
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...The number of consumers purchasing organically grown produce has been on a slow but steady increase in recent years. Organic produce refers to fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, or grains that were grown using only natural means. Recent studies have shown that some chemicals are allowed to be used by federal guidelines and the produce is still deemed “organic”. To receive the freshest produce, gardening is the key, this will ensure that the food is truly organic and will save you money. Many consumers have made the choice to garden organically due to the concerns of synthetic chemicals on their food. Research studies have found that ingestion of synthetic chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, etc.) from conventionally farmed produce can increase the rates of cancer and other disorders. Some known synthetic chemicals also decrease the nutritional value in the food. Other consumers have swapped to organic gardening themselves due to the affects of modern agriculture on the environment. Organic gardeners grow plants according to a sustainable perspective in regards. This differs from the conventional method that emphasizes maximum profit. Conventional farming with it’s use of pesticides, herbicides, over farming, and other questionable practices have led to erosion of mineral quality of soil and the decline in quality of soil, air, water, and plants. Organic gardening can be simple. Even if you live in an apartment, you can actually grow fresh tomatoes and peppers in...
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...“Market Research On Current Standing Of Kansai Nerolac Paints Limited Vis-À-Vis Its Competitors In Ghaziabad and Noida” (GHAZIABAD DEPOT) By: Varun Singh Kalsi PGDBM BATCH: 2007-2009 Company Guide: Faculty Guide: Mr. Manojeet Rautrey Prof. Alpana Grover Das Asst. Manager Assistant Professor Kansai Nerolac, Ghaziabad Depot GHS-IMR, Kanpur DR.GAUR HARI SINGHANIA INSTITUTE OF MANAGENMENT & RESEARCH, KANPUR PRAFACE This project in the out comes of conscious attempt to understand the gap between theories and real life aspects of business. In actual theories are too good to be followed. Industrial interface through summer training has been made compulsory for the fulfillment of P.G.B.D.M. course so that student get geared up to take a deep plunge on the corporate world. This project is the culmination of my odyssey of my two month of exclusive study and development at KANSAI NEROLAC PAINTS LIMITED. This gave me a lot of practical exposure and also gave me a wide scope to acknowledge the new elements in today’s market place. Marketing is no longer a mere part of company, but drives the company’s vision, mission and strategic planning. Marketing deals with the whole process of entering market, establishing profitable position and building customer relationship. Customer is the king and now they are dictators. Even MNCs move to any extent for...
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...Selangor, Malaysia Received: 20 February 2012; Revised: 12 February 2013, Accepted: 25 February 2013 Abstract: This paper is about modeling of chaotic systems via nearest neighbor approach. This approach holds the principle that future data can be predicted using past data information. Here, all the past data known as neighbors. There are various prediction models that have been developed through this approach. In this paper, the zeroth-order approximation method (ZOAM) and improved ZOAM, namely the k-nearest neighbor approximation (KNNAM) and weighted distance approximation method (WDAM) were used. In ZOAM, only one nearest neighbor is used to predict future data while KNNAM uses more than one nearest neighbor and WDAM add the distance element for prediction process. These models were used to predict one of the chaotic data, Logistic map. 3008 Logistic map data has been produced, in which the first 3000 data were used to train the model while the rest is used to test the performance of the model. Correlation coefficient and average absolute error are used to view the performance of the model. The prediction results by the three models are in excellent agreement with the real data. This shows that the nearest neighbor approach works well to predict the chaotic data. Unfortunately, increasing the number of nearest neighbors from ZOAM...
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...Pomelo (Citrus maxima) Leaf as Fertilizer Renz Patrick B. Selga Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements In Research II The Special Science Class of Tayug National High School Tayug, Pangasinan July, 2013 Mrs. Revelyn Camacho Research Adviser CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Background of the Study The pomelo tastes like a sweet, mild grapefruit, though the typical pomelo is much larger in size than the grapefruit. It has very little, or none, of the common grapefruit's bitterness, but the enveloping membranous material around the segments is bitter, considered inedible, and thus usually is discarded. Pomelos are usually grafted onto other citrus rootstocks, but can be grown from seed, provided the seeds are not allowed to dry out before planting. The seedlings take about eight years to start blooming and yielding fruit. The Pomelo leaf composed of different elements and compounds all of interconnected with the mineral content of its processing. The most important parts of the leaf in terms of of its chemical reaction are Minerals. The most important Minerals in making Fertilizer are nitrogen (N) it promotes the growth of leaves and vegetation, phosphorus (P) for root and shoot growth, and potassium (K) it promotes flowering...
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...Americans built subsidiaries in Canada to avoid tariff (11) * Rubber industry increasingly centralized, foreign-owned + controlled (11) * Canadian rubber industry expanded significantly prior to second world war (12) * Prewar period (WWII) + consumption of cars made rubber industry a necessity (12) * Dunlop invented air + rubber tire (1849) – very successful (13) * Rubber still imported from overseas – created very high expenses (13) * Massive scientific advancements worldwide during WWII (14-20) * Huge attempts at creating a domestic supply of rubber (15) * Had many minor successes – nothing that levelled up to natural rubber (20) * Canada still 100% dependent on foreign forms of rubber, natural and synthetic (22) Chapter 2 – Birth of the Industry * Dec 1941 – Japan invaded + gained control of a lot of Allied rubber...
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