...Syria’s Civil War The civil war going on in Syria has been a topic of much discussion. What began as peaceful protests has turned into brutal civil war with over 100,000 deaths and counting. The images of men, women, and children being gassed or shot to death are just horrible to watch and hard to bear. With all these casualties and the U.S government expects to make a series of targeted military strikes against the Syrian government? Syria is a country in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Syria is very diverse, ethnically and religiously. The country’s population is divided among Sunni Arabs (a little less than 60 percent of the population); Christians (about 10 – 12 percent); Alawites, a Shiite offshoot also about 10 – 12 percent); Druze (about 6 percent); and various, mostly Sunni, ethnic minorities, primarily Kurds and Armenians (Carpenter 1-2). The President of Syria is called Bashar al-Assad, who succeeded his father Hafez al-Assad after the latter's death in 2000. Hafez al-Assad had ruled Syria ruthlessly for 30 years. Throughout his rule, Hafez was forced to devote his time and energy to matters of defense and foreign affairs. As a result, the Syrian president Bashar al-Assad is, as the Middle East commentator David Lesch has pointed out, “a child of the Cold War and the Arab- Israeli conflict” (qtd. in McHugo). Neither was caused by Syria, but the country suffered terribly as a result of both. The massacre started in April 2011, when...
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...This conflict, like many others, it has its origins in corruption, political capture, poverty, on the violation of human rights, but also inequality. Social movements, spontaneous groups of people, organizations started to claim their rights to achieve a more egalitarian system. Unfortunately four years later, this crisis has finally become one of the biggest disasters in recent history. More than 250,000 Syrians have lost their lives in almost 4 years of armed conflict, that begin with anti-government protest before reaching a catastrophic civil war. In this war the armed forces of the Syrian government faced against to armed rebel groups known in the West as the "Syrian opposition”. At first the protests were not very successful and it seemed...
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...------------------------------------------------- THIS HOUSE WOULD ARM THE SYRIAN REBELS (from idebate.org) Syria, a relatively small but pivotal Middle Eastern Country, has been on a downward spiral since March 2011 when there were peaceful street protests calling for the President, Bashar al Assad, to step down. Assad responded with force, firing on the protestors in Daara on 21st March, and within a week demonstrations and some clashes in six of the twelve provincial capitals. Quelling Daara with force was followed in late April with violent clashes in Homs which in turn escalated nationwide on April 22 when more than 100 demonstrators were killed across the country.[1] Some among the protestors responded to force with force and formed the Free Syrian Army at the end of July whose organisation was enhanced by defections from the Syrian army.[2] Peace attempts have failed[3] and the country is now involved in a full scale civil war between rebel groups, that want to overthrow the government as inspired by the other Arab spring revolutions, and Assad's government. The civil war is compounded by the fault lines that run through Syria's history, the government is supported by a Shi'ite sect called the Alawites, that have historically been a persecuted minority but under Bashar's father, Hafez who was president from 1971 to 2000, they rose to prominence. Sunnis, the majority, want to return to political dominance, but these are not the only two groups, there are also Christians...
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...Battle for Syria Bryan Smith COMM/215 July 17, 2008 Will Powers On March 15, 2011 citizens of Syria began demonstrating against the Ba’ath Party, demanding the resignation of President Bashar al-Asad and release of political prisoners. These demonstrations quickly developed into a country wide uprising when the Syrian government deployed troops of the Syrian Army who opened fire on many civilians. Several cities became engulfed with military members who were ordered to open fire on civilians and were executed if they refused to do so. During this time, many civilians and Syrian Army defectors began forming small militias and eventually unified under the name Free Syrian Army (FSA). “On September 23, the Free Officers Movement officially merged into the Free Syria Army, led by Colonel Riad al-Assad.” In October 2011 and February 2012, Russia and China vetoed the United Nations Security Council’s backed resolution condemning Syria. As the fighting continued and the killing of innocent civilians increased, “France, the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, Canada and Australia expel senior Syrian diplomats in protest (Syria Profile, 2012).” As of today, the fighting between the Syrian Army and the FSA continues as the rest of the world watches and wonders, when it will come to an end. I believe that President al-Asad should step down and face criminal charges in an International court for the order to kill civilians. If he does not step down, he should be taken by force comprised of...
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...HUMA215 -1504A -09 | Syria | | | 10/25/2015 | | Syria is a country with extensive religious and political history. Throughout time Syria has had many governments before finally being governed by the Baath Party since 1963. The country also has deep roots within Christianity as well as becoming predominately Islamic. Religion is a large part of government being governed by Shai Alawite as of most recent, as well as family being in position to be in the government. Government has shaped the way Syrians live daily life but religion is where they draw their beliefs and customs from. The influence the government has had on the country is evident in the ways Syrians are treated. The authoritarian style governing has led to an uprising of citizens stemming the current civil war within the country. Syria has a history and culture deeply entwined with both religion and government. Syria’s government has gone through numerous changes throughout history. Syria has been governed by different entities such as the Umayyad Dynasty and Ottoman Empire (1516-1918) as well as French influence under the French Mandate (1923−1946) and finally the Baath Party (1963–present). “The Arab Socialist Resurrection (Baath Party) took control after the Baath Revolution in 1963. ‘The Baath Party was formally founded in April of 1947, and membership was open to all from the Arab Fatherhood’.” (Devlin, 1991). Traditionally Syria was stratified with landowners and merchants having the highest...
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...POL 441: Arab-Israeli-Conflict Tuesday November 29, 2005 The Battle Over the Golan: Israeli Perspective The Golan Heights, seized by Israel from Syria in the closing stages of the Six Day War (June 5-10, 1967) and then again during the surprise attacks of the Yom Kippur War of October 1973, has held not only political and strategic significance but historical importance as well. Overlooking northern Israel and southern Syria, the Golan, annexed in 1981, has given Israel an excellent vantage point for monitoring Syrian movements with a topography that provides a natural buffer against any military thrust from Syria. The Golan Heights embraces 1,250 square kilometers (500 square miles) and borders southern Lebanon, northeast Israel and northwest Jordan. Its elevations range from 2,000 meters (6,600 feet) in the north to below sea level along the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias) and the Yarmuk River in the south. (Wikepedia) Israel may be willing to return some of the Golan but wants to retain the 1920 border drawn during the French Mandate of Syria and the British Mandate of Palestine following World War I. Syria asserts the Heights are part of the governorate of Al Qunaytirah, and the international community considers they are to be a part of the Israeli-occupied territories. (BBC News) The military importance of the Golan Heights has increased during recent years mainly due to the introduction of ballistic missiles and technologies...
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...Armed Conflict in Syria: Background and U.S. Response Jeremy M. Sharp Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Christopher M. Blanchard Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs September 6, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33487 Armed Conflict in Syria: Background and U.S. Response Summary The popular-uprising-turned-armed-rebellion in Syria is in its third year, and seems poised to continue, with the government and an array of militias locked in a bloody struggle of attrition. Members of Congress and Administration officials are debating options for responding militarily to President Bashar al Asad’s forces’ reported use of chemical weapons in attacks on rebel-held areas and civilians. After the U.S. intelligence community concluded that Asad’s forces used weapons in limited attacks earlier this year, the Obama Administration had signaled a pending expansion of U.S. civilian and military assistance to the opposition. Earlier in the conflict, U.S. officials and many analysts asserted that President Asad and his supporters would be forced from power, but had difficulty articulating how that outcome would take place within the timeframes they set forth. Recent developments suggest that both the opposition and the Asad regime face considerable challenges in their attempts to assert greater control over Syria. Increasingly, analysts have focused on the potential for the regime and its opponents to carve out strongholds and prolong the fighting. Rapid escalation...
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...An analysis into the rise of Arab Nationalism following the establishment of the State of Israel post-1948 and its impacts November, 2012 The main catalyst for the rise of Arab nationalism throughout the Arab world stemmed from the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. Israel's creation as the result of Zionist Jewish nationalism led to a counter-reaction in the peoples of Arab states - including Palestine - which was focused on removing Zionism from Arab lands and uniting Arabs to defeat Israel with the Palestinian cause being the central call of Arab nationalist intellectuals. By 1919 the Palestinian people had already established their identity as Arab, Palestinian, Syrians during the Paris Peace Conference as part of their process in developing their own nationalism. This longing for a more defined identity had increasingly become a matter of concern for Arab intellectuals especially after a growing Jewish community in Palestine and an absence of one formal representative of the people. Such occurrences led to a reaction and a will to reunite and regain the people’s dignity through the idea of Arab Nationalism. Examples of notable early nationalist thinkers include Sate’ al Husari, Michel Aflaq who were greatly influenced by prominent 19th century European thinkers. One of the earliest forms of Arab Nationalism was embodied in the Syrian Socialist National Party that was founded in 1932 by Antoun Saadeh, which started off by fighting French colonialism from...
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...Spring in Syria As the Arab Spring developed throughout the Middle East in early 2010, countries such as Tunisia and Egypt adopted peaceful solutions to transition from authoritative governments to democratic inspired political systems. In Syria, the situation was different, the country unraveled into chaos as groups sought to gain power over each other in an attempt to oust Bashar Al Assad’s 70 year old regime. What happened was four years of warfare without end in sight, and 6.5 million Syrian refugees seeking asylum outside of Syria. Compared to the whole of the Middle East, Syria as a country tends to be one of the most diverse in the region. Syria has numerous sects of Islam, Christians, Jews, and foreign religions in an area the size of Ohio. It also has the Kurds in the North who consider themselves outside of the Arab-centric culture. When Hafez Al Assad took power in the early 1970’s, he adopted a nationalistic view as his minority group would be contested by the majority Sunni population (theatlantic.com). Prior to adopting that policy, the Baath party was ruled by Gamal Abdel Nasser who united Egypt and Syria as part of the United Arab Republic. Nationalism took effect throughout the Middle East as the Ottoman Empire, Britain, and France started to lose its grasp over the region. Nationalism was a way to unite a divided people against a common foe. After realizing the dream of a united Middle East was not achievable in the minds of most Arabs, Syria detached itself...
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...Cries From Syria tells the story of the Syrian uprising against the regime of Bashar al-Assad. It arose in Dara’a after a group of children were detained and horribly tortured because they painted on a school fence. The regime justified their acts by saying that these children illustrated anti-Assad drawings. The documentary started and ended with the dilemma of Syrian refugees, their tries to flee the country, and the famous picture of the dead child washed up on a beach in Turkey. The footages used throughout the documentary were also very graphic and sickening to any sane person. This shows a big attempt to use the image events to reach people and the public opinion as DeLuca mentions them in Images Events. Seeing all the harmed children,...
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...The Syrian civil war[74] is an ongoing armed conflict in Syria between forces loyal to the Syrian Ba'ath Party government and those seeking to oust it. The conflict began on 15 March 2011, with popular demonstrations that grew nationwide by April 2011. These demonstrations were part of the wider Middle Eastern protest movement known as the Arab Spring. Protesters demanded the resignation of President Bashar al-Assad, whose family has held the presidency in Syria since 1971, as well as the end to over four decades of Ba'ath Party rule. In April 2011, the Syrian Army was deployed to quell the uprising, and soldiers were ordered to open fire on demonstrators. After months of military sieges,[75] the protests evolved into an armed rebellion. Opposition forces, mainly composed of defected soldiers and civilian volunteers, became increasingly armed and organized as they unified into larger groups. However, the rebels remained fractured, without organized leadership. The Syrian government characterizes the insurgency as an uprising of "armed terrorist groups and foreign mercenaries".[76] The conflict has no clear fronts, with clashes taking place in many towns and cities across the country.[77] The Arab League, United States, European Union, and other countries condemned the use of violence against the protesters. The Arab League suspended Syria's membership because of the government's response to the crisis, but granted the Syrian National Coalition Syria's seat on 6 March 2013.[78]...
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...The Kurds in Syria, a struggle for self-determination Thiebald WoudaS2556790IRIO Academic Skills 2Research PaperDrs. H. Sportel27-01-2014Amount of words used: 2378 | Table of Content Introduction________________________________________________________3 Chapter 1 Setting up an own state_______________________________________________5 Chapter 2 The Kurds in Syria and their claim for an own state_________________________7 Conclusion________________________________________________________10 Bibliography______________________________________________________11 Introduction The Kurds have always dreamed of their own state which they call Kurdistan. Kurdistan is located in the Middle-East and is divided over 4 countries: Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. In 1920, the Kurds were close to establishing their own state because the foundation of a Kurdish state was mentioned in the Treaty of Sevres. However, after some discussion of other involving parties, the Treaty of Sevres was replaced in 1923 by the treaty of Lausanne, in which the Kurds were neglected. This excluded the establishment of a Kurdish state. Years of revolt went by and although the Kurds have tried to become independent, an own internationally recognized state was never established. Syria was no exception, the Kurds were suppressed by the Syrian government. For example on 23 august 1962, when as a result of a decision of the government, 120000 Kurds lost their Syrian citizenship. But then...
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...and firing indiscriminately into crowds. Opposition militias began to form in 2011, and by 2012 the conflict had expanded into a full-fledged civil war. In mid-January 2012 the credibility of the monitoring mission seemed to decline further when a delegation member who had resigned from the group called the mission “a farce,” claiming that Syrian government forces had presented the monitors with orchestrated scenes and restricted their movements. After several Arab countries withdrew their monitors over concerns for their safety, the Arab League formally suspended the monitoring mission on January 28, citing an increase in violence as the reason. Violence seemed to accelerate after the failure of the Arab League monitoring mission. In early February 2012 the Syrian army began a sustained assault on Homs, bombarding opposition-held neighborhoods with artillery over a period of several weeks. Later that month, the Arab League and the UN jointly appointed Kofi Annan, a former secretary-general of the United Nations, as a peace envoy for Syria. Annan’s attempt to negotiate an end to violence, like that of the Arab League in 2011, was undermined by the Syrian regime’s failure to adhere to negotiated agreements. A drop in violence...
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...powerless are often left with no choice but to refuses any attempt by the Kremlin to declare its mission accomplished. Similar to this civil war, questions have been raised regarding the ongoing tumultuous fight in Syria. What confidence can anyone have that the civil war in Syria will reach a definitive conclusion – the ousting of the Ba’ath Party government and the establishment of a democratic regime? The battle taking place in Aleppo is a case in point. As Syria’s second largest city it will provide the turning point so desperately sought in a civil war that has already claimed 120, 000 lives. In practice this is proving to be an elusive concept. The forces loyal to the Syrian President Bashar al-Assad hold the west of the city, and the Free Syrian Army hold the east. The regime has only committed troops on the frontline, but is reluctant to throw in the rest of its ranks, opting to shell and bomb from air. Questions and theories have been raised as to why there has been no serious attempt to recapture the city, one of them being the fear of defections if units become detached from their officers. But in theory, it is clear that it would be relatively easy and the probability of a successful recapture of Aleppo is very high. Despite this, there has been no movement by Assad’s forces. Similarly, the fight from the rebels’ perspective is not going well either. Although fighting for the democratic rights of their people, the rebels’ presence has been contested by much of...
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...revolution is referred to a revolutionary wave of demonstrations, protest, and violence occurring in the Arab world in the Middle Eastern and North African regions beginning in December of 2010. The Arab spring has had a large impact on the worlds foreign affairs for the past 3 years. Many Arab countries in the last few years have had their own revolutions and protest almost reaching levels to be considered civil wars. The largest and most violent demonstrations have been and are currently happening in a country on the western border of Iraq and south of Turkey known as Syria. Syria has been in an inner conflict since the country won its independence from France in 1946. Though recently because of the large amount of different social ethical and religious groups all looking for power and authority in the same region, the country has been in a violent turmoil. To get a better understanding on why and how Syria has fallen into this state of power struggled violence you should first look at the other countries involved in todays Arab spring and how this whole mess started in the Arab world. On December 17, 2010, in a small North African country called Tunisia, a twenty six year old street vendor by the name of Mohamed Bouazizi started a revolution that would change the world forever. Earlier that day Mohamed had been selling goods from his wheelbarrow in his rural home town when local authorities seized his wheelbarrow and all of his goods with it and proceeded to beat him in...
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