...Logical Modeling in Systems Analysis Table of Contents Topic Page Chapter One Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chapter Two Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Information Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 IS Analysis Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Modeling Definition and Concepts. . . . . . . . . 5 Traditional Approach Logical Models . . . . . . . . 7 Object Oriented Approach Logical Models . . . . . . 9 Chapter Three Current Topics in Data Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 CHAPTER ONE Abstract Today’s organizations are utilizing their core competencies while exploiting the core competencies of subcontractors to produce highly differentiated and high quality products at a lower cost. Business process reengineering has played a key role in remaining competitive, enabled through information technology. Existence of the automated information system, developed through Systems Analysis and Design, has become a requirement for survival of today’s companies. Process requirements...
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...System modeling Ohjelmistokehityksessä mallilla tarkoitetaan systeemin abstrahointia, eli yleiskäsitteen muodostamista yksinkertaistettuna kuvana. Yksinkertaistaminen on kuitenkin lavea käsite. Malli voi olla formaali kuvaus systeemin toiminnasta, rakenteesta ja käyttäytymisestä tai määrittelemättömään merkistöön perustuva yksinkertaistettu kuvaus. Mallien tarve on selkeä. Malli on työkalu, jolla lopputulosta voidaan arvioida ennen valmistumista ja jolla valmistamista voidaan ohjata. Arvioimiseen liittyy olennaisesti seikka, joka on vahvasti ollut esillä kurssin jokaisessa tähänastisessa aihealueessa. Käytännön ohjelmistotuotantoon liittyy erottamatta loppukäyttäjä, asiakas. Systeemin varhaisen tason mallintaminen on välttämätön edellytys suunnittelutyössä asiakkaan kanssa tai asiakasta varten. Yksinkertaistaminen jättää pois yksityiskohtia. Kuvaus luodaan tällöin valitun näkökulman mukaan. Näkökulmia voidaan karkeasti rajata funktionaalisiin, organisaatio-, informaatio- ja infrastruktuurinäkökulmiin. Asiakasta ajatellen tämä tarkoittaa informaation tuottamista kuulijaa ajatellen yhteistyön parantamiseksi. Ohjelmointia ajatellen näkökulman valinta riippuu kehitysprosessista. Projektinhallinta, kehitys ja dokumentointi voi perustua vahvasti tai löyhästi mallin päälle. Liian laaja mallintaminen ei ole mielekästä ellei arkkitehtuuri sitä vaadi. Sommervillen Software Engineering –kirjan System modeling –kappaleen jäljiltä mallintamisesta jäi hieman hajanainen kuva. Käytännön...
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...Week 4 Assignm Systems Modeling Theory Instructor: Philip McIntire July 27, 2013 The environment in which decisions must be made is more complex than ever before. Informed consumers, employees, and shareholders demand greater public consciousness, responsibility, and accountability from corporate and governmental decision makers. Decision analysis captures the dynamic nature of decision processes by prescribing a decision strategy that indicates what action should be chosen initially and what further actions should be selected for each subsequent event that could occur. For instance, a decision strategy might suggest an initial test market for a new product and then, based on the results, either cancel the product, initiate further testing, or begin a full scale marketing and sales effort. Thus, in describing the alternatives, one must simultaneously specify the decision points, events that may occur between them, and the information that can be learned in the process. Decision analysis can be divided into four steps: structuring the problem; formulating inference and preference models; eliciting proba- bilities and utilities; and exploring the numerical model results. Structuring the problem is the most important and difficult part of the analysis process. Trees are the most common decision analytic structures. Decision trees are produced by algorithms that identify various ways of splitting a data set into branch-like segments. These segments form an...
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...You don’t have to be tall and super thin. No matter what you look like: You too can become a Model! There are different types of models and you have to be realistic in your expectations! There are fashion models, teen models, plus size models, and commercial models. Whenever you look at any magazine, or newspaper ad that is not geared towards fashion you see commercial models. And commercial models look like normal everyday people. As a commercial model, you are not going to get rich. At least most people won’t. But it can be fun part-time work with benefits such as free clothes, great pictures, and usually local recognition. Last night, I participated in Aaron Marcus' Tele-seminar entitled "How to Get Acting and Modeling Jobs and Find Modeling Agencies". The seminar lasted about an hour. You could call in and watch it over the Internet. Aaron offers workshops that you can attend live, but of course he doesn’t come to Birmingham, AL Some of the things that Aaron covered in his seminar were: * How to be a model regardless to what you look like. * What it takes to be a working model. * What to focus on when starting out. You see commercial models in many types of ads. Everyday people are used all of the time posing as Doctors, Lawyers, Teachers, Athletes, etc. Figure out what look you fit and target your career at those types of roles. Once you figure out what type of model that you can be, practice, practice, practice. Gather pictures of looks...
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...like to convey my sense of gratitude to Professor.Rajni Palikhey who helped and supported us right throughout the semester. This paper would not have been possible without her cooperation and technical assistance. We would also thank our Institution and our faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. We also extend our heartfelt thanks to our family and well wishers. I would like to take this occasion to specially thank University of Northern Virginia to provide us with excellent faculty and also in supporting us getting quality education remotely. Contents SL No Title Page no 1 Abstract 5 2 Introduction to Databases 6 3 OLTP and OLAP Systems 7 4 Difference between OLTP and OLAP 9 5 Data Modeling 13 6 Workflows in Enterprise level Data warehousing 18 7 Business Intelligence tools used in Data flow and Data Warehousing 21 8 Analysis in Data warehousing 24 9 Conclusion 28 10 Foot Note 30 11 References 31 ABSTRACT These days majority of the applications, may it be web applications or windows applications or mobile applications, are completely database dependent. Most of the application developments are becoming database driven environments, hence rendering databases as one of the most key elements in a software environment. This dependency on databases can attributed to the increasing number of data requirements from the...
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...Lesson 3: An introduction to data modeling 3.1 Introduction: The importance of conceptual models same: understand the problem before you start constructing a solution. There are two important things to keep in mind when learning about and doing data modeling: 1. Data modeling is first and foremost a tool for communication.Their is no single “right” model. Instead, a valuable model highlights tricky issues, allows users, designers, and implementors to discuss the issues using the same vocabulary, and leads to better design decisions. 2. The modeling process is inherently iterative: you create a model, check its assumptions with users, make the necessary changes, and repeat the cycle until you are sure you understand the critical issues. In this background lesson, you are going to use a data modeling technique—specifically, EntityRelationship Diagrams (ERDs)—to model the business scenario from Lesson 2. The data model you create in this lesson will form the foundation of the database that you use throughout the remaining lessons. Before you sit down in front of the keyboard and start creating a database application, it is critical that you take a step back and consider your business problem—in this case, the kitchen supply scenario presented in Lesson 2— from a conceptual point of view. To facilitate this process, a number of conceptual modeling techniques have been developed by computer scientists, psychologists, and consultants. ? For our purposes, we can think of a...
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...Define user documentation Written or other visual information about an application system, how it works, and how to use it. (17) . User documentation refers to the documentation for a product or service provided to the end users. The user documentation is designed to assist end users to use the product or service. This is often referred to as user assistance. The user documentation is a part of the overall product delivered to the customer. The sections of a user manual often include: * A cover page * A title page and copyright page * A preface, containing details of related documents and information on how to navigate the user guide * A contents page * A guide on how to use at least the main functions of the system * A troubleshooting section detailing possible errors or problems that may occur, along with how to fix them * A FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) * Where to find further help, and contact details * A glossary and, for larger documents, an index realized the importance of documentation many years ago when I joined an organization to head its IT function. The previous IT head had left the organization a couple of months ago. The managing director called me over and voiced his expectation. He told me that all ground work had been done for ordering new set of servers and application packages and that I should act upon it soon. I promised to take a look at the situation and revert with plans. However, when I sat in my department...
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...(online analytical processing) is computer processing that enables a Big data analytics Data modeling Ad hoc analysis user to easily and selectively extract and view data from different points of view. For example, a user can request that data be analyzed to display a spreadsheet showing all of a company's beach ball products sold in Florida in the month of July, compare revenue figures with those for the same products in September, and then see a comparison of other product sales in Data visualization Extract, transform, load (ETL) Florida in the same time period. To facilitate this kind of analysis, OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional database. Whereas a relational database can be thought of as two-dimensional, a multidimensional database considers each data attribute (such as product, geographic sales region, and time Association rules (in data mining) Relational database period) as a separate "dimension." OLAP software can locate the intersection of dimensions (all products sold in the Eastern region above a certain price during a certain time period) and display them. Attributes such as time periods can be broken down into subattributes. Denormalization OLAP can be used for data mining or the discovery of previously Master data management (MDM) undiscerned relationships between data items. An OLAP database does not Predictive modeling needed for trend...
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...Encyclopedia of Database Systems, Ling Liu and M. Tamer Özsu (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 2009. Synonyms computational ontology, semantic data model, ontological engineering Definition In the context of computer and information sciences, an ontology defines a set of representational primitives with which to model a domain of knowledge or discourse. The representational primitives are typically classes (or sets), attributes (or properties), and relationships (or relations among class members). The definitions of the representational primitives include information about their meaning and constraints on their logically consistent application. In the context of database systems, ontology can be viewed as a level of abstraction of data models, analogous to hierarchical and relational models, but intended for modeling knowledge about individuals, their attributes, and their relationships to other individuals. Ontologies are typically specified in languages that allow abstraction away from data structures and implementation strategies; in practice, the languages of ontologies are closer in expressive power to first-order logic than languages used to model databases. For this reason, ontologies are said to be at the "semantic" level, whereas database schema are models of data at the "logical" or "physical" level. Due to their independence from lower level data models, ontologies are used for integrating heterogeneous databases, enabling interoperability among disparate systems, and specifying...
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...development of 3-dimensional campus directory for the college of nursing EUNICE IVY S. MOJICA JEFFERSON R. TANAEL An undergraduate thesis outline submitted to the faculty of the Department of Information Technology, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology. Contribution No.________. Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Mark Cañete. Introduction Three dimensional technologies is the latest innovation when it comes in directory system. With 3D software, you can rotate your models so you can get a look at any side you want. Bachelor of Science in Nursing program in Cavite State University is first offered at the College of Arts and Sciences in SY 2002-2003. In October 8, 2005, a separate College of Nursing with a full time faculty members/clinical instructor headed by its first designated dean, Prof. Lenila A. de Vera, RN, MPH and Prof. Nenita B. Panaligan, Rn as CIinical Coordinator to effectively manage and accommodate the College of Nursing. With the initial enrollees of 240 students, the BSN population increased to 764 in SY 2004-2005, because of increasing demand for nursing and health care-related jobs abroad (http://www.cvsu.edu.ph). Orientation is the way of the University in introducing College’s and Department’s mission and vision, facilities, rooms and offices to the...
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...Database Modeling Tool INF322 Instructor June 27, 2011 Database Modeling Tool The company has grown exponentially over the past 6 months and needs to develop a new database to house its financial, inventory, and client data. It has been decided to build this new database in house rather than purchase a system from a third party vendor. As part of the development of this database it is in the company’s best interest to utilize a database modeling tool to help the design effort. Utilizing a database modeling tool will offer the following benefits: 1. Simple graphic representation of the data structure. 2. Visual work flow of how data will be entered, modified, and reported. 3. Bulk editor capabilities. 4. Database design generator. 5. Database reverse engineering. 6. Logical and physical data model reporting. The tool that looks to be the best fit for the company is CA Erwin Data Modeler r8. CA Erwin Data Modeler r8 was developed by Logic Works Inc. Logic Works Inc. has been in business as a database modeling solution since 1988 (Carreon, 1996) and continues to be one of the top data modeling providers. CA Erwin Data Modeler r8 is the most balanced data modeler tool when comparing functionality, simplicity, and cost when to its competitors. CA Erwin has very user friendly graphical representation of both the logical and physical data models. No other competing modeler has both of these capabilities within the same function. It has all of...
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...An Extended Entity-Relationship Model for Geographic Applications * Thanasis Hadzilacos Computer Technology Institute, University of Patras Box 1122, GR-26110, Patras, Greece thh@cti.gr Nectaria Tryfona National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5711, U.S.A nectaria@spatial.maine.edu Abstract. A special-purpose extension of the EntityRelationship model for the needs of conceptual modeling of geographic applications, called the Geo-ER Model, is presented. Handling properties associated to objects not because of the objects’ nature but because of the objects’ position, calls for dealing -at the semantic modeling levelwith space, location and dimensionality of objects, spatial relationships, space-depending attributes, and scale and generalization of representations. In order to accomplish this in the framework of ER and its derivatives, we introduce special entity sets, relationships, and add new constructs. The rationale as well as examples of usage of the Geo-ER model from actual projects are presented. 1. Introduction Is everybody special or are we all alike? Should we develop applications according to a special methodology for each class of applications, such as medical, business process and geographic, or should we use a single blanket approach for all? Personal preferences and philosophical discussions aside, it does seem that the general purpose side has won most battles in computer science, from hardware to programming languages...
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...Data modeling -a technique for organizing and documenting a system’s data. Sometimes called database modeling. Entity relationship diagram (ERD) – a data model utilizing several notations to depict data in terms of the entities and relationships described by that data. 8 Data Modeling Concepts: Entity Entity a class of persons, places, objects, events, or concepts about which we need to capture and store data. –Named by a singular noun Persons: agency, contractor, customer, department, division, employee, instructor, student, supplier. Places: sales region, building, room, branch office, campus. Objects: book, machine, part, product, raw material, software license, software package, tool, vehicle model, vehicle. Events: application, award, cancellation, class, flight, invoice, order, registration, renewal, requisition, reservation, sale, trip. Concepts: account, block of time, bond, course, fund, qualification, stock. Data Modeling Concepts: Entity Entity instance – a single occurrence of an entity. 8-6 Student ID | Last Name | First Name | 2144 | Arnold | Betty | 3122 | Taylor | John | 3843 | Simmons | Lisa | 9844 | Macy | Bill | 2837 | Leath | Heather | 2293 | Wrench | Tim | Data Modeling Concepts: Attributes Attribute – a descriptive property or characteristic of an entity. Synonyms include element, property, and field. –Just as a physical student can have attributes, such as hair color, height, etc...
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...1 Introduction to Databases LESSON 1 Database Learning Objectives: On completion of Lesson 1, you should have been able to: 1. Describe the role of a database system 2. Briefly describe the evolution of database systems and the limitations of conventional file processing systems 3. Describe the three schema architecture for database and explain the difference between conceptual , external and physical schemas 4. Define the functions of a database administrator Keywords and Phrases LEARNER Database Database System Entities Conceptual Model Logical Model Physical Model Constraints Metadata Database Management System File System Indexing Introduction This module introduces the reader to the different concepts of databases. It also tackles a brief history how automated databases came into existence. A number of advantages is discussed why the evolution of database management system is very much appreciated by system developers nowadays. 2 What is a Database ? Let us try to get the answers from the different Database Management System book authors. Answer from Pratt/Adamski: o A Database (DB) is structure that can store information about: 1. multiple types of entities, 2. the attributes that describe those entities; and 3. the relationships among the entities Answer from Elmasri/Navathe: o A Database (DB) is collection of related data - with the following properties: 1. A DB is logically coherent and has some relevant meaning 2. A DB is designed, built...
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...The Transition from 2D Drafting to 3D Modeling Benchmark Report Improving Engineering Efficiency September 2006 — Underwritten, in Part, by — The Transition from 2D Drafting to 3D Modeling Benchmark Report Executive Summary D o more with less. The mandate hasn’t changed for manufacturers. They must develop more products with increasing complexity to address customer and competitive pressures. Yet, there’s no “give” in project timelines to adopt new technologies like 3D modeling to help them win. However, some manufacturers are not only adopting 3D modeling technology, but excelling at hitting their product development targets at the same time. How is it possible? Interestingly enough, it’s actually quite simple. Key Business Value Findings • Best in class manufacturers their hit revenue, cost, launch date, and quality targets for 84% or more of their products. • Best in class performers typically produce 1.4 fewer prototypes than average performers. • Best in class performers average 6.1 fewer change orders than laggard performers. • In total, best in class manufacturers of the most complex products get to market 99 days earlier with $50, 637 lower product development costs. Implications & Analysis How do they do it? • Best in class performers are 40% more likely to have engineers use CAD directly to ensure they stay close to the design. • Best in class performers are 24% more likely to take advantage of extended 3D modeling design capabilities. They are 55% more...
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