...Germania Apart from Rome While reading Germania by Tacitus, the reader will notice that Tacitus had a specific way of distinguishing the difference between the Romans and the Germans. He mentions physical appearance, clothing, food, gods, and many other attributes that are believed to make Germans very set apart from the Romans. Tacitus mentions the Germans having all similar physical appearances such as red hair, and blue eyes with husky bodies and unadaptable over-heating temperatures. Comparing this to the Romans, they were shorter with brown hair. Physical traits of a individual helped separate the Romans and the Germans. Another way Tacitus writes comparing the Romans and the Germans is the clothing they wear on a daily basis. The common view of a Roman is a toga or a white cloth rapped around the body. A clothing worn by more wealthy Romans was a tunic, or a long shirt worn under a toga. This dress was uncommon for the Germans. The Germans wore the skin of animals, but not from buying from a market. The Germans would skin an animal themselves to receive the clothing they wanted. The Germans were seen as barbarians to the Romans, partly because of the animals’ skin used a garments....
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...Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus was a senator and historian of Roman Empire who was born in 56AD somewhere in Northern Italy. He studied rhetoric in Rome and married Julia Agricola who was the daughter of General Agricola. Tacitus died in 117 AD. He had many pieces of literature but what is most relevant to what is being discussed in class is Agricola and Germania. These two books are translated by Harold Mattingly and were revised with a new introduction and notes by J.B Rives. Agricola is about Tacitus’s father in law who was a Roman General who was responsible for a lot of the Roman Conquest of Britain. He speaks about how his father in law was still respectful and handles each situation correctly even in the hardest of times. In Germania Tacitus explains the Germanic tribes by talking about the way they fight, build homes, dress, jobs of the women and men, and also even the way their horses are. He talks about how these Germanic tribes are very different from how he was raised. These two books two a good job of explaining military, behavior and lastly how different the less undeveloped cities are from the more developed ones. A university student can get insight to the Silver Age by reading Tacitus’s Agricola and Germania. Agricola helps a student get insight to the Silver Age by Tacitus talks explains, the fighting style, the mass amount of land conquered and how a general of respect lived his life. Tacitus talks about the well known and respected general...
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...Rome by the historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus, concerns the period following the death of Augustus in A.D. 14, to the death of Nero in A.D. 68. The text reviewed here is a superb English translation of the original Latin text by Cambridge professor Michael Grant. Although it strives valiantly to capture the essence and vitality of the original Latin, it still remains, like many English translations of the classical language, lacking. That being said, it is still easy to be swept up in the narrative and to catch glimpses of Tacitus’ famous wit throughout. Unfortunately, as with many other classical works, large segments of the text are missing, lost to history. This includes the latter days of the reign of Tiberius, the entire four-year reign of Caligula, and the opening years of the reign of Claudius. The overthrow and death of Nero (A.D. 68) are also missing, as the text breaks off in A.D. 66. Tacitus was born in about A.D. 56 and died sometime after A.D. 117. A senator and famous orator, Tacitus survived the dark years under Domitian (A.D. 81-96), and served as consul in A.D. 97 under the emperor Trajan and later served as the governor of Western Anatolia, in present-day Asia. Not a first-hand witness of the period he writes of, Tacitus wrote his Annals for future generations, and was well regarded as a skillful writer by his contemporaries. However, judged by modern standards, he would have been considered a poor historian. Tacitus is neither unswayed by rumour, conjecture...
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...The Effect of Allusions in Hamlet Sometimes it takes a clearly conveyed comparison to fully understand a difficult concept. The greatest authors of all time create novels with important points that are not quite so obvious, and the reader has to do a little digging to grasp the intended meaning. When regarding Shakespearean plays, readers will surely notice that they are riddled with enigmas. How does Shakespeare give the reader clues to help grasp the novel? He uses allusions, carefully-placed references to something else. One of the finest places to look for Shakespearean allusions is Hamlet, a tragedy about the negative effect of ambition and revenge. The result of William Shakespeare incorporating allusions into Hamlet is the readers have a more sophisticated understanding of themes, characters, and conflicts. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, he uses allusions in order to develop themes in the play. One of the major themes in the play is action vs. inaction. In Act 1, Scene 5, Hamlet talks with the ghost of his father about the cause of his death. The ghost informs him that it was his uncle Claudius, as he suspected, and that it is imperative that he seek revenge at once. The ghost says, “I find thee apt. And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed that roots itself in ease on Lethe Wharf, wouldst thou not stir in this.” The ghost sees that Hamlet is eager to get revenge, but little does he know, this allusion is a prediction of what is to come. The ghost’s statement...
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...Cornelius Tacitus, the great Roman historian of the first century AD, describes the life of his father-in-law through accounts on the battles, personal traumas, and balance of hubris and sophrosyne that Agricola gracefully triumphed. The work does not wait to delve directly into the achievements of Agricola as it only briefly covers his early life. Tacitus begins with the precursor that “it was the practice of our forefathers to bequeath to posterity the history of the deeds and the characters of great men…” thus immediately, Agricola is characterized as one worthy of such a history which encourages a reader to proceed and most likely to share the work(1). The following essay argues that such accounts have made the name of Agricola endure...
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...Tacitus in His Account of Germania Tacitus’ Germania was a short monograph on German ethnography. It had great historical significance. Tacitus wrote critically of the Germans. He also stressed their simplicity, bravery, honor, fidelity, and other virtues in contrast to corrupt Roman imperial society, fallen from the vigor of the Republic. Tacitus covered many topics when writing this short piece of work. When it came to weapons, few used swords or long lances. They carried a spear, which they called a Framea. It was narrow and short head, but was so sharp and easy to wield that the same weapon serves, for close of distance conflict. “The horse-soldier was satisfied with a shield and spear. The foot-soldiers scattered showers of missiles, each man had several and hurled them to an immense distance. Their shields were marked with very choice colors” (13). A few had corslets, and one or two had metal or leather helmets. “Their horses were remarkable neither for beauty nor for fleetness. Nor were they taught various evolutions after their fashion, but are driven straight forward, or so as to make one wheel to the right in such a compact body that none were left behind another” (14). Their chief strength were in their infantry, and he fights along with the Calvary. The foot soldiers are stationed in front of the line. “The most glaring disgrace that can befall them, is to have quitted their shield” (15). According to punishment, in their councils an accusation...
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...could be said to a large extent he was successful emperor. This is in spite of the monstrous figure that Tacitus and Suetonius construct. His success as an emperor is evidenced by him stabilising the economy through prudent fiscal methods, protecting the borders of the Empire, maintaining his political power through the relocation and entrenchment of the Praetorian Guard in Rome and the implementation of the Dealtion Policy. The extent of his success was impacted and needs to be qualified by failures in his public and private life: his poor political skills and the influence of Sejunas. Tiberius success as an emperor is evidenced in the work he did to secure the internal stability of the Empire. This was done through effectiveness of the polices he implemented specifically the Dealtion and the relocation of the whole Praetorian Guard to Rome. The Dealtion was implemented through the passing of a decree that...
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...Heroic Society 1) List and briefly explain the features of a heroic society. Aristocratic warriors dominated Germanic heroic society (Evans 86). Loyalty was the main concept associated with this kind of lifestyle: tribal life was based on hunting and war, and from childhood Germans were trained to be hard workers (Caesar 21). Germanic tribes did not build cities. They preferred to settle in meadows, woods, or in other places that attracted them. Their dwellings were not attached together like those of the Romans; each house was surrounded by an open space (Tacitus 16). Their society’s organization was certainly important but its most essential attribute was the heroic code. In order to be a good warrior not only had one to follow his leader until death but one also had to die an honourable death. The heroic code was also associated with the virtue of hospitality. By being hospitable one was generous. In Beowulf, for instance, King Hrothgar invites Beowulf and his men to stay and feast in his hall. The mistreatment of a guest would have been considered a crime (Caesar 22). The concept of fate was also very important to the heroic code (see question #3 for more information on fate). 2) How does the physical environment contribute to the development of a heroic society? Germanic tribes usually established themselves in meadows and woods, which were places in which the Romans would have never imagined living (documentary seen in class). This gave the Germans a big advantage...
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...------------------------------------------------- Portal:Ancient Rome From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia * Wikipedia portals: Culture * Geography * Health * History * Mathematics * Natural sciences * People * Philosophy * Religion * Society * Technology edit The Ancient Rome Portal Ancient Rome was a civilization which began as a small agricultural community on the Italian Peninsula in the 8th century BC. Rome became a large empire which straddled the Mediterranean Sea. In its twelve centuries of existence, Roman civilization was firstly a monarchy, then a republic that combined oligarchy and democracy, and finally became an autocraticempire. Through conquest and assimilation, it came to dominate Western Europe, the entire Mediterranean Basin including the Near East and North Africa, the Balkans, and the Black Sea.The Roman empire went into decline in the 3rd century AD, and began to collapse in the 5th century AD. Plagued by internal instability and attacked by various migrating peoples, the western part of the empire, includingHispania, Gaul, and Italy, broke into independent kingdoms in the 5th century. The eastern part of the empire, governed from Constantinople, survived this crisis, and remained intact for another millennium, until its last remains were finally annexed by the emerging Ottoman Empire. This eastern, medieval stage of the Empire is usually referred to as the Byzantine Empire by historians...
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...Germany – people, culture, language A guide for businesses The country Germany today: Germany is the world's third largest economy after the USA and Japan, despite its recent economic and unemployment difficulties and the problems caused by the re-unification of East and West Germany in 1990. It has Europe's biggest population (83.5 million people) and a land area of 357,021 kilometres (137,828 square miles). It is a founder member of the EU and of NATO. Growth sectors: Germany's economy is famous for its industrial output in the automotive, machine tools, white goods and engineering industries, as well as textiles and finished goods. Environment: Germany has three main geographical areas, the lowlands in the north, the uplands in the centre and the mountains in the south. Politically and socially, Germany is quite regionalised and is organised in sixteen states or “Bundesländer” with the federal capital in Berlin. As a result, each major city has its own character and the cities and villages of Bavaria are quite different from the north. Germany has a temperate climate with average rainfall of 600-700 mm (23-27 inches) per year. The people Federalism: The Head of State is the President, elected every five years. The Chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the Head of Government, elected every four years and leader of the winning party in the election. The two main parties are the SPD (Social Democratic Party), and the CDU (Christian Democratic Union). North/South divide:...
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...L OE B CLASS ICAL LIBR ARY 2013 Founded by JAMES LOEB 1911 Edited by JEFFREY HENDERSON NEW TITLES XENOPHON Volume IV. Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology AND SALLUST Volume I. The War with Catiline. The War with Jugurtha TRANSLATED BY J. C. ROLFE REVISED BY JOHN T. RAMSEY Sallust, Gaius Sallustius Crispus (86–35 BC), a Sabine from Amiternum, acted against Cicero and Milo as tribune in 52, joined Caesar after being expelled from the Senate in 50, was restored to the Senate by Caesar and took part in his African campaign as praetor in 46, and was then appointed governor of New Africa (Numidia). Upon his return to Rome he narrowly escaped conviction for malfeasance in office, retired from public life, and took up historiography. Sallust’s two extant monographs take as their theme the moral and political decline of Rome, one on the conspiracy of Catiline and the other on the war with Jugurtha. For this edition, J. C. Rolfe’s text and translation of the Catiline and Jugurtha have been thoroughly revised in line with the most recent scholarship. Vol. I. ISBN 978-0-674-99684-7 LCL TRANSLATED BY E. C. MARCHANT O. J. TODD REVISED BY JEFFREY HENDERSON This volume collects Xenophon’s (c. 430 to c. 354 BC) portrayals of his associate, Socrates. In Memorabilia (or Memoirs of Socrates) and in Oeconomicus, a dialogue about household management, we see the philosopher through Xenophon’s eyes. Here, as in the accompanying Symposium, we also obtain insight on life...
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...mainland Europe (Iron Age) • first experience of a literate civilisation in 55 B.C. • remoter areas in Scotland retained independence • Ireland, never conquered by Rome, Celtic tradition • The language of the pre-Roman settlers - British (Welsh, Breton); Cornish; Irish and Scottish Gaelic (Celtic dialect) • The Romans up to the fifth century • Britain - a province of the Roman Empire 400 years • the first half of the 5th century the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (N Germany, Jutland) • The initial wave of migration - 449 A. D. • the Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) • the Britain of his time comprised four nations English, British (Welsh), Picts, and Scots. • invaders resembling those of the Germans as described by Tacitus in his Germania. • a warrior race • the chieftain, the companions or comitatus. • the Celtic languages were supplanted (e.g. ass, bannock, crag). * Christianity spread from two different directions: * In the 5th century St Patrick converted Ireland, in the 7th century the north of England was converted by Irish monks; * in the south at the end of the 6th century Aethelberht of Kent allowed the monk Augustine and his helpers, who came directly from Rome, to convert his kingdom to Christianity. * The monks adapted the Roman alphabet from Latin to write English and replaced the old writing system based on the use of signs called runes, which were developed to be carved in wood or stone. Brittene igland is ehta hund mila...
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...MEDIEVAL WEAPONS Other Titles in ABC-CLIO’s WEAPONS AND WARFARE SERIES Aircraft Carriers, Paul E. Fontenoy Ancient Weapons, James T. Chambers Artillery, Jeff Kinard Ballistic Missiles, Kev Darling Battleships, Stanley Sandler Cruisers and Battle Cruisers, Eric W. Osborne Destroyers, Eric W. Osborne Helicopters, Stanley S. McGowen Machine Guns, James H. Willbanks Military Aircraft in the Jet Age, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, 1919–1945, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918, Justin D. Murphy Pistols, Jeff Kinard Rifles, David Westwood Submarines, Paul E. Fontenoy Tanks, Spencer C. Tucker MEDIEVAL WEAPONS AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THEIR IMPACT Kelly DeVries Robert D. Smith Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4...
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...1000 Real GMAT Sentence Correction Questions 1. 1 A “calendar stick” carved centuries ago by the Winnebago tribe may provide the first evidence that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basing them on systematic astronomical observation. (A) that the North American Indians have developed advanced full-year calendars basing them (B) of the North American Indians who have developed advanced full-year calendars and based them (C) of the development of advanced full-year calendars by North American Indians, basing them (D) of the North American Indians and their development of advanced full-year calendars based (E) that the North American Indians developed advanced full-year calendars based 2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes. (A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities 3. A collection of 38 poems by Phillis Wheatley, a slave, was published in the 1770’s, the first book by a Black woman and it was only the second published by an American woman. (A) it was only the second published by...
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...heories about how young children acquire and develop language Young children become amazingly proficient communicators during the first three years of life. As the Birth to Three Matters framework points out, they use 'the hundred languages of children' - body language (including facial expressions and dance); sign language (their own and family inventions as well as an officially recognised sign language); painting, drawing and mark-making; and oral expression. They have been acutely active listeners since their days in the womb, where they learned to recognise the speech patterns, tunes and tones of the languages used in their home contexts. Language theory research informs us that young children's language development is influenced by many factors, including having sensitive adults and older children around them who will listen and attend to their expressions and who will use and model appropriate language themselves. This has been called 'Motherese' by researchers led by Cathy Snow. Children's babbling during their first year includes the sounds of every world language and 'crib talk' demonstrates their intense interest in the sounds they hear around them. Although children with a hearing loss will stop babbling, if they grow up in a home with parents who can sign, they will follow the same patterns of development using their first language - signing - and will sign their first word at around the same age that hearing children speak theirs. Between two and three years...
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