...Global Technology Audit Guide Auditing IT Governance Global Technology Audit Guide (GTAG®) 17 Auditing IT Governance July 2012 GTAG — Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. IT Governance Risks................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Aligning the Organization and IT — Key Considerations................................................................ 12 4. The Role of Internal Audit in IT Governance............................................................................ 15 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Authors and Reviewers.............................................................................................................................. 18 Appendix — IT Governance Risk Assessment/Engagement Planning Considerations............................................. 19 iv GTAG — Executive Summary Executive Summary To support the heightened importance of IT governance and the mandatory nature of the International Standards...
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...Global Technology Audit Guide Auditing IT Governance Global Technology Audit Guide (GTAG®) 17 Auditing IT Governance July 2012 GTAG — Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. IT Governance Risks................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Aligning the Organization and IT — Key Considerations................................................................ 12 4. The Role of Internal Audit in IT Governance............................................................................ 15 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Authors and Reviewers.............................................................................................................................. 18 Appendix — IT Governance Risk Assessment/Engagement Planning Considerations............................................. 19 iv GTAG — Executive Summary Executive Summary To support the heightened importance of IT governance and the mandatory nature of the International Standards for the Professional...
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...Leadership, Management and Command: The Officer’s trinity.[1] W B Howieson & H Kahn The acts of leading, managing and commanding (based on either philosophy or practice) have had to adapt throughout the history of the Royal Air Force, in concert with changing environments; these acts will have to change again in the 21st century and will require new skills, new attitudes and differing perspectives of the Officer’s trinity. INTRODUCTION There is a plethora of literature on leadership, management and command. In the civilian (business) market, there are – literally – thousands of books on leadership; management; and leadership and management as a ‘dual’ concept. However, there are no books in the business market on what the military call ‘command’.[i] In contrast, in the military domain, there are an equal amount of books on leadership; command; and leadership and command together. However, very little has been written – to date – about military management; this represents a very serious limitation. New business practices and performance management systems now require capable senior managers and leaders and private sector organizations have found clear strategic benefit in providing a structured approach to the developmental needs of senior executives. Although it is recognized that leadership, management and command are closely related (especially in the military environment), comparatively little has been written on the nature and practice...
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...Macro-Leadership and Micro-Leadership Leadership, Change & Responsibility – Assignment MSM MBA - Intake 17/ Group 3 Tuan DO Diah MINTARSIH Chau TRAN Truc-M. NGUYEN SUMMARY Macro-Leadership: Vision Macro-Leadership: Vision • Focuses on vision, long-term strategy and future planning. • Enables and encourages transformational change. • Is ready to take big risk in favor of the strategy & vision. • Innovative approach & willingness for disruptive change • Extrovert generalist favoring a broad-based leadership Micro-Leadership: Control Micro-Leadership: Control • Willing to take actions with respect to current reality. • Control & keep things in balance. • Adheres to mission & incremental changes. • Expert attitude with tendency to be extremely critical to deviation / divergence. • Manages & mitigates risk. • Continuity-based and transactional management approach. Vision versus Control Vision-Control-Matrix (Vander Ark, 2015) Vision versus Control • Vision alone does not enable change. • Vision neglecting the micro-focus on realities in business management leads to failure. • Vision without practical leadership results in empty dreams. • Control alone demotivates, does not benefit from diversity & prevents individual growth. • Control without keeping the “big picture” in mind leads to control obsession. • Control obsession is toxic for any organization. CONCLUSION Synthesis of Macro & Micro ...
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...Chapter1 Introduction Strategic management : strategic management process: the full set of commitment, decisions, and actions required for a firm to achieve strategic competitiveness and earn above average returns strategic competitiveness: is achieved when a firm successfully formulates and implemens a value-creating strategy (p4) above-average Returns: returns in excess of what an investor expects to earn from other investments risk:an investors uncertainty about the economic gains or losses that will result for a particular investment competitive advantage: when firm implemets strategy that creates superior value for customers and competitors are unable to duplicate or find too costly to immitate resources:imput into a firms production process such as capital equipment, the skills of individuals, employees,patents, finance, and talented managers (pg 17) capabilities:the capacity for a set of resources to perform a task or an activity in an integrative manner core competencies: are resources and capabilities that serve as a source of competitive advantage for a firm over its rivals sustainable competitive Advantage strategic flexibility: set of capabilities used to respond to various demands and opportunities existing in a dynamic& uncertain competitive environment -Causes of firm performance (profitability): industry vs. firm • Profit Pool – entails the total profits earned in an industry at all points along the value chain. – helps...
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...Leadership by Virtue: The Ethics of Holacracy Accounting 7050-M50 Group 5 Clay Presley Kyle Hyneman Michael McCaffrey Justin King Submitted 10/31/15 Overview Holacracy is a trendy, but hotly debated organizational structure. Proponents say it increases productivity, accountability, and employee satisfaction. Detractors say it leaves companies without leadership and liken it to William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies (Carr). Holacracy is often described as a hierarchy of work as opposed to a hierarchy of people, which is how most organizations are built. The most well known case of a company attempting to convert from a traditional command and control organization to a Holacracy is Zappos, who’s CEO, Tony Hseih, is driving this conversion. We will reference their experience with the conversion to Holacracy throughout this report as we evaluate this organizational structure’s long-term sustainability; it’s relation to the Rule of Individual Action, its implementation within any sized company, and the advantages & disadvantages of this approach. Lastly, we’ll also consider the concept of self-management through the ethical framework of thinking. Holacracy in the Long Run Many management experts are still scratching their heads to determine if Holacracy can work for companies over the long-term. Currently only one large company has employed this workplace management technique. Juliane Birkinshaw of the London Business School expresses...
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...Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Volume 30, Issue 6, Pages 563-576 This article is © Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here (https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/index.jsp). Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited. www.emeraldinsight.com A Dynamic Theory of Leadership Development Abstract Purpose - The paper offers a dynamic theory of leadership development. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines selected leadership literature through the lens of theory building blocks. It identifies the role of the ideal goal in leadership and its importance in developing the psychological aspect of leadership. Findings – The paper posits that leadership is a developmental process, which is based on the type of choice a leader makes. While choice implies that two good options are always available from which to select, one should make choices in accordance with his worldview, looking for affiliation (i.e. the Theta worldview), or looking for achievement (i.e. the Lambda worldview). Consequently, leaders need to recognise that the choices they make for organisational activities have to fit their own worldview. Pursuing the fit between one’s worldview and planned organisational activities ensures that leaders continuously improve their ethical behaviour. The paper concludes with the presentation...
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...1 Understanding the Manager’s Job CHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW 1. What are the four basic functions that make up the management process? How are they related to one another? The four basic functions of the management process are planning and decision making, organizing, leading and controlling. Managers utilize all of these processes to achieve the goals of their organization. 2. What are the four basic activities that make up the management process? How are they related to one another? The basic activities that make up the management process include setting goals and determining how to best achieve these goals. Once a manager has set these goals they must determine the necessary resources to carry them out. Leadership and motivation are a vital element as well as controlling the activities to meet the goals. 3. Identify several of the important skills that help managers succeed. Give an example of each. Technical skills are necessary for managers so that he or she can understand the type of work that is done in their organizations. Managers must also possess good interpersonal skills which are the ability to listen to a subordinate as well as convey ideas of the company. This skill might also be helpful in motivating individuals. Time management is also an important skill for managers. Effective managers can prioritize work load, make sure it is done in the most efficient manner as well as delegate specific duties. 4. Briefly describe...
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...Week Two: Harrison-Keyes Generic Benchmarking Introduction Leadership in project management and assessing challenges of developing high-performance project teams are two major components of understanding how an organization work together to achieve goals. Harrison-Keyes is dealing with poor planning and implementation issues amongst management. Team A will compare and contrast the components through benchmarking analysis by using the Harrison-Keyes scenario opposed to other companies that faced similar issues. The companies used in the benchmarking review are: K-Mart, Chrysler, Toyota, General Electric, Exxon, Coca-Cola, Cardinal Health, and Starbucks Corporation. Concept/Comparison Leadership in Project Management Harrison-Keyes lacks of visionary leadership capable to establish a viable strategic and tactical management system which effectively contributes to coordinate the project management (planning, development, selection and implementation). By having in place a effective project management, the leadership of Harrison-Keyes may plan, develop, select and implement efficient projects as Toyota Industry Corporation’s leadership did in order leverage its expertise and to turn around the company toward performance, profitability, efficiency and higher competitive corporate value. To have an effective success in project management that can contribute to an efficient leveraging the existent resources and competencies in order to gain performance, profitability, leaner operation...
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...respond to tactical issues effectively. Managerial decision making seeks to identify the alternatives or opportunity costs, to select the choice that accomplishes the objectives in the most efficient manner, to take into account the constraints, and the likely actions and reactions of rival decision makers. Therefore, the key to a manager achieving successful managerial performance is their ability to make good decisions, and that all decision making shares several common elements. Ray (2012) states the key to making good decisions is to have a sound process or a series of steps from start to finish. He states that a study of leadership and management texts provides a number of processes from a simple three-step process to as many as up to seven steps. Ray chose four steps: define the problem, gather data, list and evaluate alternatives and chose and implement the best alternative. However, McGuigan, et al. (2011) demonstrates a more comprehensive decision making model. The decision maker must have the ability to recognize the mission or the objectives of the organization. The decision maker must identify the problem that requires a solution. Once the decision maker has found the source or issue in the organization, the decision maker must start examining possible solutions. The choice between these alternatives looks at marginal analysis where cost versus benefits is weighed. With analysis, relative costs and benefits are weighed as well as other organizational and societal...
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...Power Distance and Leadership Hofstede (1997) defines power distance as “the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally” (p. 28). Hofstede believes that power distance is learned early in families. In high power distance cultures, children are expected to be obedient toward parents versus being treated more or less as equals. In high power distance cultures, people are expected to display respect for those of higher status. Power distance also refers to the extent to which power, prestige, and wealth are distributed within a culture. Cultures with high power distance have power and influence concentrated in the hands of a few rather than distributed throughout the population. These countries tend to be more authoritarian and may communicate in a way to limit interaction and reinforce the differences between people. In the high power distance workplace, superiors and subordinates consider each other existentially unequal. Power is centralized, and there is a wide salary gap between the top and bottom of the organization. In cultures high in power distance, for example, corporate presidents’ offices are more likely to be luxurious, with controlled access. Company bosses are “kings” and employees “loyal subjects” who don’t speak out. In the low power distance workplace, subordinates expect to be consulted, and ideal bosses are democratic. In more democratic organizations, leaders...
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...6 Organizational leadership 3 marks 1) What do you mean by “charisma”? Ans: Charisma is a trait found in individuals whose personalities are characterized by powerful charm and magnetism (attractiveness) and superior capabilities of interpersonal communication and persuasion. According to Weber, charisma is a pure form of authority based on the gift of divine grace. The term charisma is applied to a certain quality of an individual personality by virtue of which he is considered extraordinary and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. 2) Who is a charismatic leadership? Ans: Charismatic leadership is a leadership based on the leader’s ability to communicate and behave in ways that reach followers on a basic, emotional way, to inspire and motivate. 3) Define the term “transactional leadership”. Ans: A transactional leader is one who guides and motivates his follows in the direction of establish goals by clarifying role and task requirements. It involves exchange relationship between leader and the followers. It is a perception for mediocrity and that transformational leadership leads to superior performance in organization facing demands for renewal and change. 4) Differentiate between transformational and transactional leadership. Ans: ...
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...relates to at least two of the following organizational resources. (translate the organizational chart for the departments controlling these functions into words for your paper) Physical assets Monetary Human resources Knowledge Technology Do not just discuss what these functions are – be sure to describe how the department is organized. For example, if you are discussing the accounting or finance department (which controls monetary assets) include the title of the department head, titles of mid-level supervisors, and titles of individuals who report to them, as well as what functions they each perform. You do not need to include the names of the individuals; only the position title Management and Leadership In business, "management" is sometimes considered "whatever needs to be done just to keep things afloat." However, for businesses to grow and remain healthy, one must master certain basic skills in management and leadership – skills that will help to avoid the crisis situations where organizations have to do "whatever it takes to stay afloat.” The basic skills can include problem solving and decision making, planning, meeting management, delegation, communication, and managing oneself. This paper will examine the roles and responsibilities of leaders in creating and maintaining a healthy organization culture, differentiate between management and leadership, explain how the four functions of management...
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...KNOWLEDGE By (student’s name) Course Professor’s name University’s name City/state Date Tacit Knowledge Introduction In recent times, many people within an organization have expressed their commercial wisdom and advanced knowledge on to the upcoming generations. For instance, they have narrated stories about their past experiences, work, and thoughts. Currently, as in the past days, they have conveyed their level of wisdom to others through face-to-face methods or hands-on interface. In management, the level of know-how is described or termed as tacit knowledge. This paper addresses the implications of tacit and explicit knowledge within organizations. Additionally, it is a summary of essential factors in knowledge management within organizational contexts. According to the investigations in this paper, written language has been relevant in documenting the explicit knowledge, which is described as a ‘know-what’. Historically, the pursuits of both the explicit and tacit knowledge are relentless, timeless and endless (Hislop 2009). For instance, in many organizations, labor, capital and raw materials are considered more important than the process of creating and applying the knowledge mentioned above. Nevertheless, the revolution of knowledge and the age of information technology have triggered challenges for many organizations and people as a block (Hislop 2009). Explicit knowledge is an academic knowledge described in an official language or electronic media. It is based on the...
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...Classic Airlines Problem-Solving Process Barbara Terry MKT/571 – Marketing April 10, 2012 Clifford M. Lavin MSIM University of Phoenix Classic Airlines Problem-Solving Process Classic Airlines, one of the largest airline carriers in the world, servicing 240 cities, and more than 2,300 flights every day is in the service industry (UOPX Classic Airlines scenario, 2012). Classic Airlines is making a profit; however, its share prices have decreased 10% in the past year alone, and its customer base is also on the decline. This year the company had a net income of 10 million, whereas the previous year they had a net income of $71 million (UOPX Classic Airlines scenario, 2012). There are numerous internal and external factors contributing to Classic Airline’s current predicament. Decreasing stock prices, rising fuel costs, and declining consumer confidence are a few of the challenges the airline is facing. Additionally, internal disagreement among upper management is causing a direct problem to the Marketing team. Air travel around the globe is steadily increasing, and many people fly because it is necessary, however; minimal research has been conducted on how stress is related to people who fly frequently (Mawhinney, 2007). Classic Airlines management must take proactive measures, and conduct some in-depth research to determine the root cause of the current dilemmas. The purpose of this...
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