...IE 466: Concurrent Engineering T. W. Simpson 32.3 Taguchi’ Robust Design Method s Since 1960, Taguchi methods have been used for improving the quality of Japanese products with great success. During the 1980’ many companies finally realized that the old s, methods for ensuring quality were not competitive with the Japanese methods. The old methods for quality assurance relied heavily upon inspecting products as they rolled off the production line and rejecting those products that did not fall within a certain acceptance range. However, Taguchi was quick to point out that no amount of inspection can improve a product; quality must be designed into a product from the start. It is only recently that companies in the United States and Europe began adopting Taguchi’ robust design approaches in an effort to improve product s quality and design robustness. What is robust design? Robust design is an “engineering methodology for improving productivity during research and development so that high-quality products can be produced quickly and at low cost” (Phadke, 1989). The idea behind robust design is to improve the quality of a product by minimizing the effects of variation without eliminating the causes (since they are too difficult or too expensive to conrol). His method is an off-line quality control method that is instituted at both the product and process design stage to improve product manufacturability and reliability by making products insensitive to environmental conditions...
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...ROBUST DESIGN Seminar Report Submitted towards partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Aerospace Engineering) By SHYAM MOHAN. N (Roll No. 02401701) Under the guidance of Prof. K. Sudhakar Prof. P. M. Mujumdar Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay–400 076 November, 2002 ABSTRACT The underlying principles, techniques & methodology of robust design are discussed in detail in this report with a case study presented to appreciate the effectiveness of robust design. The importance of Parameter design & Tolerance design as the major elements in Quality engineering are described. The Quadratic loss functions for different quality characteristics are narrated, highlighting the fraction defective fallacy. The aim of the robust design technique is to minimize the variance of the response and orthogonal arrays are an effective simulation aid to evaluate the relative effects of variation in different parameters on the response with the minimum number of experiments. Statistical techniques like ANOM (analysis of means) and ANOVA (analysis of variance) are the tools for analyzing the data obtained from the orthogonal array based experiments. Using this technique of robust design the quality of a product or process can be improved through minimizing the effect of the causes of variation without eliminating the causes. Fundamental ways of improving the reliability of a product are discussed...
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...MTBF and Power Supply Reliability Abstract: A general misconception is that Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) is the same as the operational life of a product. In fact MTBF represents the statistical approximation of the percentage of units that will pass (or fail) during a products useful life period. MTBF should be considered as a measure of a product’s reliability, not product life. There are many factors that go into the determination of product reliability, such as grounding methods, electrical stresses, and temperature. Oftentimes there are even differences in the way the calculations are derived due to a manufacturer’s methodology and approach to reliability engineering. Product reliability speaks to the strength of the design and the commitment of the manufacturer. Therefore special care should be given to understanding all the key concepts of MTBF. In this way, one can accurately determine the best product and manufacturer for a given application. John Benatti Technical Support Engineer Astrodyne Corporation 508-964-6300 x 6330 jbenatti@astrodyne.com www.astrodyne.com 1 Introduction MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) may be one of the more familiar terms seen in datasheets, yet there is still a widespread misunderstanding of the term and its application. Consequently, some designers place too much emphasis on this parameter, others very little, and some have trudged through too many disparate data sheets to deem it any use at all. The truth...
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...Taguchi methods Taguchi methods are statistical methods developed by Genichi Taguchi to improve the quality of manufactured goods and, more recently, to biotechnology [1], marketing and advertising. Taguchi methods are considered controversial among some traditional Western statisticians but others accept many of his concepts as being useful additions to the body of knowledge. Taguchi's principal contributions to statistics are: 1. Taguchi loss-function; 2. The philosophy of off-line quality control; and 3. Innovations in the design of experiments. [pic]Loss functions Taguchi's reaction to the classical design of experiments methodology of R. A. Fisher was that it was perfectly adapted in seeking to improve the mean outcome of a process. As Fisher's work had been largely motivated by programmes to increase agricultural production, this was hardly surprising. However, Taguchi realised that in much industrial production, there is a need to produce an outcome on target, for example, to machine a hole to a specified diameter or to manufacture a cell to produce a given voltage. He also realised, as had Walter A. Shewhart and others before him, that excessive variation lay at the root of poor manufactured quality and that reacting to individual items inside and outside specification was counter-productive. He therefore, argued that quality engineering should start with an understanding of the cost of poor quality in various situations. In much conventional industrial...
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...Genichi Taguchi: Total Quality Management Guru Name: Institution: Course Code: Introduction Every person has had an experience with quality and every person can give his own reflection on what he perceived to be of poor or high quality. Not until the early 1950’s did total quality management emerge at the top of firms’ schemata hence making quality improvement as the highest priority in any institution, firm or business. Based on the fact that quality comes from integrated efforts of teams, employees and each level in an organization, total quality management was introduced and applied in all businesses as a means to enhance total quality by working on each level and stage in the service delivery or production. TQM in History It is vitally crucial before one dwells into the work offered by Taguchi to observe the timeline in which prominent gurus of quality management placed to build a scaffold on which TQM, Total Quality Management, was evolved. Figure 1: Table displaying the differences between new and concepts of quality Looking at Figure 1 above, it is illustrative that a major shift happened in the 1970’s in the concepts of quality. The old concept of quality meant solely inspection after production, where the new concept of quality involves a corrective and preventive approach...
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...9/25/2015 9/25/2015 Priyanka Palamuru SCSU Priyanka Palamuru SCSU Design of Experiment on a Catapult Taguchi Design Design of Experiment on a Catapult Taguchi Design Objective The objective of this project is to analyze the effect of various factors controlling the catapult model using Design of experiments (DOE). Design : Taguchi Software : Minitab17 Introduction Design of experiments (DOE) is a method of finding the important and less important factors involved in an experiment through a number of steps such as information gathering and mathematical calculations either manually or using a software. It is considered as one of the accurate techniques and widely used in various fields such as engineering, healthcare, education, etc. It is also known for its quality improvement, efficiency, cost and effectiveness. Catapult experiment is generally used to demonstrate DOE as it has the simplest setup and meets the requirements for this method. Taguchi Design 1. Define the process objective i.e. whether we need the output to be maximum or nominal or smaller. In this experiment, it is given as nominal the best. 2. Determine the factors which affect the outcome and number of levels the factors can vary for performing the experiment. Here, the factors are Start angle, Stop position, Cup Position and Peg position and has three levels each. 3. Select the suitable orthogonal array based on number of factors and levels, prepare...
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...Genichi Taguchi and Taguchi Methods - Practical, Rapid Quality Cohort 2, Wooshik Jung Taguchi methodology is concerned with the routine optimisation of product and process prior to manufacture, rather than emphasizing the achievement of quality through inspection. Instead concepts of quality and reliability are pushed back to the design stage where they really belong. The method provides an efficient technique to design product tests prior to entering the manufacturing phase. However, it can also be used as a trouble-shooting methodology to sort out pressing manufacturing problems. Here are some of the major contributions that Taguchi has made to the quality improvement world: 1. The Loss Function - Taguchi devised an equation to quantify the decline of a customer's perceived value of a product as its quality declines. Essentially, it tells managers how much revenue they are losing because of variability in their production process. It is a powerful tool for projecting the benefits of a quality improvement program. Taguchi was the first person to equate quality with cost. 2. Orthogonal Arrays and Linear Graphs - When evaluating a production process analysis will undoubtedly identify outside factors or noise which cause deviations from the mean. Isolating these factors to determine their individual effects can be a very costly and time consuming process. Taguchi devised a way to use orthogonal arrays to isolate these noise factors from all others in a cost...
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...1. (TCO B) Identify four categories of measures that might constitute a Balanced Scorecard of performance measures and provide an example of each. Also explain how a Balanced Scorecard could assist your organization. This answer must be in your own words—significant cut and paste from the text or other sources is not acceptable. (Points : 30) Some categories of measures of balance scorecard are: 1.-Measures Financial Performance Financial performance measures includes: Profitability such as ROI (return on investment), gross profit margin, asset turnover, etc Liquidity such as current ratio, quick ratio Financial performance measures, such as operating income and return on investment, indicate whether the company’s strategy and its implementation are increasing shareholder value. However, financial measures tend to be lagging indicators of the strategy. Firms monitor nonfinancial measures to understand whether they are building or destroying their capabilities—with customers, processes, employees, and systems—for future growth and profitability. Key nonfinancial measures are leading indicators of financial performance, in the sense that improvements in these indicators should lead to better financial performance in the future, while decreases in the nonfinancial indicators (such as customer satisfaction and loyalty, process quality, and employee motivation) generally predict decreased future financial performance 2.-Internal Operational Efficiency Time spent...
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...4) Explain any four (4) major factors that affect location decisions. COSTS We can divide location costs into two categories, tangible and intangible. Tangible costs are those costs that are already identifiable and precisely measured. For example, utilities, labor, material, taxes, depreciation, and other costs that the accounting department and management can identify, transportation of raw materials, transportation of finished goods and site construction. Intangible costs are less easily quantified. For example, quality of education, public transportation facilities, community attitudes toward the industry and the company, and quality and attitude of prospective employees and quality-of-life variables. PROXIMITY TO MARKETS For many firms, locating near customers is extremely important. Particularly, service organization find that proximity to market is the primary location factor. For example, drugstores, restaurants, post offices and barbers. Manufacturing firms find it useful to be close to customers when transporting finished goods is expensive or difficult, perhaps because they are bulky, heavy or fragile. For example, Mercedes, Honda, Toyota and Hyundai are building millions of cars each year in the U.S. With just-in-time production, suppliers want to locate near users. For example, Coca-Cola, whose product’s primary ingredient is water, it makes sense to have bottling plants in many cities rather than shipping heavy containers, which sometimes fragile glasses cross country...
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...Riki Shafier Professor Kimberlee Hoftiezer SOS-110 24 January 2016 Music Education: A Personal Journey For the past few years I have been taking different courses, learning many things and preparing myself for the life ahead of me. As a soon-to-be college graduate, the future beckons, bright and inviting. There are endless career opportunities that await those who have put forth the effort to receive an education. The career goals toward which I am currently preparing are to become a highly sought-after piano teacher and piano-teacher trainer with a full roster of students, complete with a waiting list for those who wish to join my studio. I plan to build a fully- developed business model for my piano studio. This plan will include curricula for various ages and skill levels, as well as plans for accommodating specific needs of individual students. The plan will also have processes for the acceptance and rejection of potential students, registration and payment options, and online booking opportunities. This will be optimized through the use of technology. Technology, in all its many forms, has transformed the world we live in, and I anticipate that it will prove to be of great use to me in the development of my career goals. In the short-term, I will be able to train under experienced piano educators and teacher-trainers via Skype lessons and workshops, and use various training software programs to improve my technical and teaching skills. Additionally, I plan to...
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...Blue Pelican Java by Charles E. Cook Version 3.0.5h Copyright © 2004 - 2008 by Charles E. Cook; Refugio, Tx (All rights reserved) 1-1 “Blue Pelican Java,” by Charles E. Cook. ISBN 1-58939-758-4. Published 2005 by Virtualbookworm.com Publishing Inc., P.O. Box 9949, College Station, Tx 77842, US. ©2005, Charles E. Cook. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Charles E. Cook. Manufactured in the United States of America. Preface You will find this book to be somewhat unusual. Most computer science texts will begin with a section on the history of computers and then with a flurry of definitions that are just “so many words” to the average student. My approach with Blue Pelican Java is to first give the student some experience upon which to hang the definitions that come later, and consequently, make them more meaningful. This book does have a history section in Appendix S and plenty of definitions later when the student is ready for them. If you will look at Lesson 1, you will see that we go right to work and write a program the very first day. The student will not understand several things about that first program, yet he can immediately make the computer do something useful. This work ethic is typical of the remainder of the book. Rest assured that full understanding...
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...Researching Variable Naming Rules Visual Basic You must use a letter as the first character. You can't use a space, period (.), exclamation mark (!), or the characters @, &, $, # in the name. Name can't exceed 255 characters in length. Generally, you shouldn't use any names that are the same as the functions, statements, and methods in Visual Basic. You end up shadowing the same keywords in the language. To use an intrinsic language function, statement, or method that conflicts with an assigned name, you must explicitly identify it. Precede the intrinsic function, statement, or method name with the name of the associated type library. For example, if you have a variable called Left, you can only invoke the Left function using VBA.Left. You can't repeat names within the same level of scope. For example, you can't declare two variables named age within the same procedure. However, you can declare a private variable named age and a procedure-level variable named age within the same module. Python Must begin with a letter (a - z, A - B) or underscore (_) Other characters can be letters, numbers or _ Case Sensitive Can be any (reasonable) length There are some reserved words which you cannot use as a variable name because Python uses them for other things.- See more at: http://www.w3resource.com/python/python-variable.php#sthash.5AXuVlWN.dpuf Java Variable names are case-sensitive. A variable's name can be any legal identifier — an unlimited-length...
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...SD2720 Module 3 Working with Methods Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/sd2720-module-3-working-with-methods/ SD2720 Module 3 Working with Methods and Encapsulation Lab 3.1 Creating a Method In this lab, you will complete two tasks related to Java methods. The tasks performed in this lab will help you use method overloading and understand ambiguous overloading. Task 1 Write a program for swapping two numbers. In the program: • Create a method by passing primitive values as parameters for checking the result. • Create another method by passing object references as parameters for checking the result. • Identify the difference between two outputs. Task 2 Write a Java program that accepts 10 numbers from the user and finds the greatest and smallest numbers among them. Create two methods, findGreatest() and findSmallest(), to find the greatest and smallest numbers, respectively. Task 3 Write a Java program that implements the following methods: • getNumbers()to accept two numbers from the user. • calculateHCD()to calculate the highest common divisor (HCD) of the two numbers. Please note that it should be a recursive function. • calculateLCM()to calculate the least common multiple (LCM) of the two numbers. Display()to display HCD and LCM. Submission Requirements: Compress your Java project folder and responses in a Microsoft Word document into one zipped folder and submit it to the instructor. Evaluation Criteria:...
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...A Programmer’s Guide to Java™ SCJP Certification Third Edition This page intentionally left blank A Programmer’s Guide to Java™ SCJP Certification A Comprehensive Primer Third Edition Khalid A. Mughal Rolf W. Rasmussen Upper Saddle River, New Jersey • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sidney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United...
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...Visual Basic – Messages and data input/output Introduction One way for a user to communicate with a procedure is via a dialogue box. The easiest way to do this in VB is to use one of the pre-defined ones. VB has two kinds, a Message box and an Input box. Message box The MsgBox function displays a message, waits for the user to click a button and returns a value indicating which button has been chosen. The simplest MsgBox contains only a message string and an OK button. The general syntax is MsgBox(prompt [,buttons] [,title]), where the quantities within [] are optional arguments, with prompt: string expression displayed in the message (max length 1024 characters) buttons: numerical expression that is sum of values specifying the type of buttons to display, title: string expression displayed in the title bar. Some of the button values are given below. (For a full list see the Help file). Value Constant Display 0 vbOKOnly OK button only 1 vbOKCancel OK and Cancel buttons 3 vbYesNoCancel Yes, No and Cancel buttons 4 vbYesNo Yes and No buttons 32 vbQuestion Query icon 48 vbExclamation Warning message icon 0 vbDefaultButton1 First button is default 256 vbDefaultButton2 Second button is default 512 vbDefaultButton3 Third button is default The value returned by the MsgBox function depends on the button pressed. Some values are listed below. Button selected Value Constant OK 1 vbOK Cancel 2 vbCancel Yes 6 vbYes No 7 vbNo The MsgBox function can be used as a simple debug tool. To...
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